2022年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)考試逐題解析

2022年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)考試

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選

項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Iwasabouttosleepwhensomeoneknockedonmywindow.Knock,knock.Then

athree-secondpause.Knock,knock.ImmediatelyIknewitwasmybestfriend,Ben.

Theknock(1)wasouremergencycallwhichnevermeansanythinggood.

"What'sgoingon?"Irushedtoopenthewindowandasked.

Benclimbedin."Badnews."Hegavemea(2)look,andIimmediately

knewwhatitwas.Myheart(3).Igavehimanod,andhesighedinresponse.

"Whereto?"Iasked.

"Virginia."

"That'sfarfromFlorida."

Welookedateachotherknowingwewerethinkingthesame.BothBenandIhad

parentsintheair-force.Wewereusedtofrequentmoves.

BenandIbecameclosefriendssinceIcrashedintoBen'sstandandsentplastic

cupsoflemonadeflyingintotheheavens.Atfirst,I(4)Florida.Everything

changed,though,whenI(5)roller-skatedintoBen'slemonadestand.

"Itmusthavebeenfate!”weclaimed.ButIthinkthat,maybe,therewassome

(6)inthatlemonade,andthatasitraineddownonus,itcastaspellmaking

usfriendsforever.

"MaybeyourfamilywillgetmovedtoVirginiatoo."Bensaid.

"Yeah,maybe."Iknewthechancewaslow,butIchosetohope.

Bengrinnedatme.Thoughitlookedsad,Isaw(7)inhimtoo."

*TIIhavealemonadestand(8)foryou."

"ThenI'llpackmyroller-skates."

"ThenI'llwearaponcho(雨披)

We(9).ThehumidFloridanightclosedaroundus,andIfeltatinydropof

liquidsplashonmyarm.Iknewitwasprobablyrain,butstill,Ithoughtthat,maybe,it

wasadropofmagiclemonade,becausenothingonearthcanbreakthe(10)

betweenus.

1.A.soundB.patternC.numberD.symbol

2.A.playfulB.gratefulC.cheerfulD.meaningful

3.A.failedB.softenedC.sankD.relieved

4.A.hatedB.missedC.exploredD.appreciated

5.A.graduallyB.narrowlyC.constantlyD.accidentally

6.A.signB.magicC.flavourD.wish

7.A.hopeB.joyC.courageD.support

8.A.necessaryB.convenientC.readyD.useful

9.A.struggledB.arguedC.laughedD.compromised

10.A.ruleB.bondC.barrierD.balance

1.

【答案】B

【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)前文描述“knock,knock,thenthree-secondpause,

knock,knock此處應(yīng)表示這種敲擊的pattern（模式）為作者與Ben的緊急呼叫。

其余選項(xiàng)含義為：sound（聲音；音響），symbol（象征；標(biāo)志），number（數(shù)字；數(shù)

量），都與此處文意不符，故正確答案是B。

2.

【答案】D

【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)空前“emergencycallwhichnevermeansanything

good”"badnews"以及后文"Igavehimanod,andhesighedinresponse.,,止匕處應(yīng)

表示Ben給了我meaningful（意味深長(zhǎng)的）表情。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：playful（開玩笑

的；幽默的），grateful（感激的），cheerful（歡快的；高興的），都與此處文意不符,

故正確答案是D。

3.

【答案】C

【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)空前“badnews”以及后文"Igavehimanod,and

hesighedinresponse.此處應(yīng)表示我的心情sink（低落；陷入沮喪）。其余選項(xiàng)含

義為：fail（失?。瑂often（使變軟，柔和），relieve（緩解；減輕），都與此處文意不

符，故正確答案是C。

4.

【答案】A

【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)后文“Everythingchanged,though?！贝颂帒?yīng)表示開始

我hate（討厭）Florida。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)，思念）explore（探索）appreciate

（欣賞），都與此處文意不符，故正確答案是A。

5.

【答案】D

【解析】本題是副詞題；此處應(yīng)表示我accidentally（意外地；偶然地）撞到了Ben

的小攤。其余選項(xiàng)的含義為：gradually（逐漸地），narrowly（勉強(qiáng)地，狹隘地），constantly

（經(jīng)常地，不斷地），都與此處文意不符，故正確答案是D。

6.

【答案】B

【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)后文“itcastaspell（向…施魔法）makingusfriends

forever.”此處應(yīng)表示在檸檬汁中似乎有magic（魔法）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：sign（標(biāo)志），

flavour（特色；味道），wish（希望），都與此處文意不符，故正確答案是B。

7.

【答案】A

【解析】本題是名詞題，考查動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。根據(jù)空前"Iknewthechancewas

low,butIchosetohope.此處應(yīng)表示我在他身上也看到了hope（希望）。其余選項(xiàng)含

義為：joy（高興），courage（勇氣），support（支持），都與此處文意不符，故正確答

案是A。

8.

【答案】C

【解析】本題是形容詞題；此處應(yīng)表示Ben會(huì)把檸檬汁小攤為作者準(zhǔn)備好（ready

for）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：necessary（必要的），convenient（方便的），useful（有用的），

都不符合句意，故正確答案是C。

9.

【答案】C

【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題，根據(jù)前文表述，此處應(yīng)表示我們laugh（笑了）；其余選項(xiàng)

含義為：struggle（奮斗；努力），argue（爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵），compromise（妥協(xié)，讓步）,

都與此處文意不符，故正確答案是C。

10.

【答案】B

【解析】本題是名詞題；此處應(yīng)表示世界上沒有什么事情能夠打破我們之間的bond

（關(guān)系，結(jié)合）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：rule（規(guī)則），barrier（障礙），balance（平衡），都

與此處文意不符，故正確答案是B。

第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，

在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

XuMengtao,theflag-bearerfortheChinesedelegationattheclosingceremony

of2022WinterOlympics,hasgotmultipleworldchampionships.Butherroad(11)

glorywasnotsmooth,sinceitwasaccompaniedbymanyinjuries.Itwas

herpassionforsports,herpersistenceanddeterminationthathelpedhercontinue

andshefinally(12)(win)thegoldmedalatherfourthOlympics.Her

successgoesbeyondsportsasitmotivatesbothathletesandordinarypeoplein(13)

(they)pursuitofdreams.

B

BasedonARandVR,themetaverseaimstobringpeopleclosertogetherinan

onlinesetting,enablingthemtobeconnectedinwaystheycouldn'tbebefore.Imagine

(14)(attend)ameetingfromthecomfortofyourcouch,whereyoudon't

dressup,butyouravatardoes.You'reseatedatavirtualtablewithotherpeople(15)

reactionsandbodylanguagecanbejudgedjustaswellastheywouldbe

inreallife.Ametaversecouldverylikelybringthese(16)(imagine)toreality,

andsoon.

c

Everyonehasasenseofhumor,butit'sprettyevidentthatnoteverybodyhasa

goodsenseofit.Psychologistsaredividedon(17)humorisinbornor

learnable.However,thereisonethingthat(18)(accept)universallysofar—

thesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Itisassociatedwithlaughterandlaughteris

associatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities(19)(share)

withotherformsoflife.Butifhappinessisoneofthegoals(20)(chase)in

life,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.

11.

【答案】to

【解析】本題考查介詞；無(wú)提示詞，該句只出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)“was”，并非考查從句連

接詞或并列連詞，故需要介詞，因?yàn)橥ㄍ牡缆窞閠heroadt?！?，故正確答案是to。

12.

【答案】won

【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)；該句屬于有謂語(yǔ)且有連詞構(gòu)成并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，故設(shè)空為

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。前一句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且她最終在她的第四

次奧林匹克比賽中贏得金牌，屬于對(duì)過(guò)去事件的陳述，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故正確答案是

won。

13.

【答案】their

【解析】本題考查代詞；設(shè)空位置后面是“pursuit”名詞詞性，表示追逐，設(shè)空位置

需要形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞,they的形容詞性物主代詞為thein故正確答案是their

14.

【答案】attending

【解析】本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，本句話已經(jīng)有“Imagine”作為主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且

設(shè)空位置和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間沒有連詞構(gòu)成新的并列句或者從句，故考點(diǎn)判斷為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞，又因imagine后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，imaginedoingsth,想象做某事，故正確答案是

attendingo

15.

【答案】whose

【解析】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句；無(wú)提示詞，在一句話中有“areseatedn和“canbe

judged”兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且無(wú)連詞連接，故考點(diǎn)判斷為連詞題，從句從橫線前到句末，刪

去從句，主句完整，故為定語(yǔ)從句修飾“people”，從句不缺主賓表成分，語(yǔ)義為人們

的反應(yīng)和肢體語(yǔ)言，表所屬，故正確答案是whose。

16.

【答案】imaginations

【解析】本題考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換；設(shè)空位置前有“these”，后需接名詞，故imagine由動(dòng)

詞變?yōu)槊~imagination,又因these后需要接復(fù)數(shù)形式，故正確答案為imaginationso

17.

【答案】whether

【解析】本題考查從句；無(wú)提示詞，從句從橫線前到句末，屬于名詞性從句，從句不

缺少主賓表成分，且后面有or,故正確答案是whether。

18.

【答案】hasbeenaccepted

【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)；設(shè)空位置為從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因有時(shí)

間標(biāo)志詞sofar,屬于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞，表達(dá)迄今為止已經(jīng)被廣泛接受，表被動(dòng)，

主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，故正確答案是hasbeenaccepted0

19.

【答案】shared

【解析】本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；本句話有謂語(yǔ)“are”且無(wú)連詞構(gòu)成新的句子，故設(shè)

空位置考點(diǎn)判斷為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)在句中，無(wú)逗號(hào)，所定語(yǔ)修飾設(shè)空位置前面的名

詞qualities,被分享，故正確答案是shared。

20.

【答案】tochase

【解析】本題考查非謂語(yǔ)；句中已經(jīng)有is,且無(wú)連詞構(gòu)成新的句子，故考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞。目標(biāo)是要去追逐的，故正確答案是tochase。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題

卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Oldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anew

photobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.

Proctor'sTheatre,Newark,NewJersey

Althoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedintheatresto

displayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinProctor'sTheatre

inNewarkbegantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreat

Depression.PopcornandCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatre's

income.

Proctor'sTheatre,Troy,NewYork

OriginallyopenedasProctor'sFourthStreetTheatrein1914,ithostedfamous

comedianssuchasJackBennyandBobHope.From1929,itwassuccessivelytaken

over,renamedasProctor'sTroyTheatreandswitchedtoscreeningfilms.Inthe1960s,

itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977.ItwaslistedontheNational

RegisterofHistoricPlaces（NRHP）in1979.In2010,thetheatrewasrepairedbutis

currentlynotbeingusedtoday.

RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatre,NewYork

Originallyopenedin1928,RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomas

Lamb.In1982,itwaslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosed

byitsnewownerwhoplannedtobuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionally

damagingthehall.In2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknocked

downtomakewayforaresidentialtowerblock.

MetropolitanOperaHouse,Philadelphia

ThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908.Inthe

1920s,itwasrenamedastheMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsin

additiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,itbecameasportsarena.

In1954,itwasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s,thebuildingwaspurchasedby

MarkHatcher.Thechurchandthedevelopercametoanagreementonarepairfora

musicvenuethatwascompletedandreopenedin2018.

21.Inthelate1920s,Proctor'sTheatreinNewarksetupstandsto

A.showrespectfortheguests

B.increasethetheatre'sincome

C.promotenewlyreleasedmovies

D.competewiththestreetsellers

22.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatreiswellpreserved.

B.Proctor'sTheatreinTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.

C.MetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesinitsfunction.

D.Proctor'sTheatreinNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toranktheoldandunrestoredtheatres.

B.ToshowthedevelopmentofAmericantheatres.

C.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheoldtheatres.

D.Toprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.

21.

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)題干細(xì)節(jié)Inthelate1920s可以定位到文章第二

段第二句"Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinproctor'sTheatreinNewark

begantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreat

Depression.,,句中的toimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression

意為提升經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條期間，符合21題題目，與選項(xiàng)B增加影院收入相符。

故正確答案是Bo

22.

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；A選項(xiàng)根據(jù)RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatre可以定位到

文章第四段，根據(jù)第四段的第三句話“intentionallydamagingthehall"與選項(xiàng)A中的：

wellpreserved"不符，故排除A選項(xiàng)。

B選項(xiàng)根據(jù)Proctor'sTheatreinTroy可以定位到文章第三段，根據(jù)第三段的第三句話

“itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977."與選項(xiàng)B中的plays

second-runfilmsnow"不符，故排除B選項(xiàng)。

C選項(xiàng)根據(jù)MetropolitanOperaHouse可以定位到文章第五段，根據(jù)第五段的第二，

三，四句話“showingsilentfilms"至『itbecameasportarena"再至U"itwasturned

intoachurch”與選項(xiàng)C中的“witnessedchangesinitsfunction”相符，故選擇C選

項(xiàng)。

D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)NRHP可以定位到文章第四段，根據(jù)第四段的第二句話“itwaslistedon

theNRHP"其中"it”代指RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatre與選項(xiàng)D中的“proctor's

TheatreinNewarkv不相符，故排除D選項(xiàng)。

故正確答案是Co

23.

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查文章目的類主旨；根據(jù)文章第一段“Oldandunrestoredtheatres

areallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroften

overlookedbeauty”可知本文主要介紹了未保存和被忽視的老影院的信息。選項(xiàng)D

toprovidedinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres（為了提供被忽視的老影院的信息）

符合第一段的寫作目的，故正確答案是D。

B

Totheuntrainedeye,apingpongballisjustapingpongball.ToaBeverlyCleary

fan,it'stwomotorcyclehelmetsformice.

EversinceIreadCleary'sseriesaboutRalph,themotorcycle-ridingmouse,I've

neverlookedatapingpongball-ortheworid-thesameway.Amazingtothinkthatit's

beenmorethanfortyyearssinceIcheckedoutTheMouseandtheMotorcyclefrom

myschoollibraryinNorthport,andyetthatoneparticularimageisascleartomeas

ever.

Andwhyshouldn'titbe?It'sperfect.

HowIwantedamouseofmyowntorideatoymotorcyclearoundmyhouse!

ThankstoCleary'sgenius,atalkingmousefriendseemednotonlypossiblebut

probable.

Whilemuchofchildren'sliteratureattemptedtoexplaintheworldfromthepoint

ofviewofawiseandgentleadult,Clearycreatedcharacterswhosawtheworldas

onlychildrencan.Withgreatinterest,IreadeverybookthatboreBeverlyCleary's

name.SheseemedlikeafriendwhounderstoodmeinwaysIdidn'tyetunderstand

myself.

I'vewritteneightchildren'sbooksandhavealwayskeptBeverly'ssenseof

wonderinmind.Idon'trememberatexactlywhatageIdecidedIwantedtowrite

books,butIknowthatbysecondorthirdgrade,myteacherassignedaprojectthat

allowedustofocusonwhateverwewanted.Mybestfriendpickeddolphins;Ichose

children'sauthors,withalargechunkofmyprojectbeingaboutwhoelse?Beverly

Cleary!

Itoldthatstoryrecentlytoaschoolgroup.Oneofthestudentssaid,"That's

fantastic!Youdidyourprojectonchildren'sauthorsandthenyoubecameone!"

"Yes,"Isaid."Andmybestfriendwhodidherprojectondolphins-becamea

dolphin!"

"Really?"thestudentssaidinchorus.

AndthatperfectlysumsupwhyIlovewritingforchildren:thebeliefthatfantastic,

magicalthingscanhappen.Bestfriendscanbecomedolphins;micecanridetoy

motorcyclesandbecomeourfriends.

That'swhatBeverlyClearytaughtme.Inthehandsofagiftedstoryteller,anything

ispossible...andsoveryfunny.

24.TheMouseandtheMotorcycleimpressedtheauthormainlybecause

A.itrecordedanimals'life

B.itrevealedthewisdomoflife

C.itencouragedchildrentoraisepets

D.itdescribedtheworldfromchildren'seyes

25.Whenlearningtheauthor'sfriendbecameadolphin,thestudentsfelt

A.amazed

B.doubtful

C.scared

D.confused

26.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Whattheauthorcreatedtoattractchildren.

B.Whattheauthordidtoturnimpossibleintopossible.

C.HowBeverlyClearyarousedchildren'sinterestinreading.

D.HowtheauthorwasinspiredtobeawriterbyBeverlyCleary.

24.

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解；根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"TheMouseandtheMotorcycle"

定位到文章第二段第1和第2句，可知這是Cleary所寫的兒童小說(shuō)故事，而且作者感

覺這很amazing（對(duì)應(yīng)題干impressed）；再定位第五段第1句話可知Cleary的創(chuàng)作是

以兒童的視角的，與選項(xiàng)D意思一致，故正確答案是D。

25.

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題；根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"theauthor'sfriendbecameadolphinv

和“thestudentsfelt"可以定位到原文中倒數(shù)第三四段的學(xué)生回答的“Really?”,可知學(xué)

生們是驚訝的感覺，與選項(xiàng)A“amazed”意思一致，故正確答案是A。

26.

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查文章主旨；文章開頭第一段講BeverlyCleary的粉絲看待乒乓球

的視角跟普通人不一樣來(lái)引出話題。第二三四五段講BeverlyCleary的作品給予作者

很深刻的印象以及BeverlyCleary是僅僅以孩子的視角來(lái)創(chuàng)作人物角色的。第六七段

到結(jié)尾段講作者自己成了一個(gè)作家以及總結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)了BeverlyCleary教會(huì)了作者的東西。

A選項(xiàng)意思是“作者創(chuàng)造了東西來(lái)吸引孩子們”。B選項(xiàng)意思是“作者做了些把不可能

變成可能的事情”。C選項(xiàng)意思是“BeverlyCleary是如何激發(fā)了孩子們的閱讀興趣

的”。D選項(xiàng)意思是“作者是如何被BeverlyCleary所激發(fā)成為一個(gè)作家的”。由上述

可知D選項(xiàng)跟文章主旨最正相關(guān)，故正確答案是D。

c

Whenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier（冰川）ontheSwissAlps'Mount

Eigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearsto

detect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche's（崩塌）critical

characteristics.

Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthrough

theatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsome

researchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:dangerousblocks

snappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanches

butneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson.Thiswas

different,"Johnsonsays.Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwith

infrasound."

Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,which

researcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Buta

collapse-asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody-isaprolific

infrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposean

increasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweaken

largefieldsofice.Aglacier"canbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,

causingbiggerbreak-offs,"saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,

leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitor

anddetectsuchcollapses.

Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebut

expensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanche

paths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaround

amuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itis

challenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,

individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,

saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel."ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisa

firstapproximationforthis,"shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpsthe

researchersmonitoraniceavalanche'sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusing

infrasound.

Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickup

moresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborations

aroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.

Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascade's

physicaldetails.

27.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?

A.Infrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.

B.Iceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.

C.Researchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundindetectingiceavalanches.

D.Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.

28.Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?

A.Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.

B.Theaccuracyinlocatingacertainavalanche.

C.Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.

D.Thesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.

29.Theunderlinedword"this"inParagraph4refersto.

A.distinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignal

B.detectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametime

C.calculatingthespeedandpathoficeavalanches

D.monitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak-offs

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FromFiretoIceB.GlacierWhispers

C.NatureisWarningD.SecretofIceAvalanches

27.

【答案】C

【解析】本題屬于不可定位細(xì)節(jié)題，考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；題干只能確定2-3段，但不可定

位具體詞匯，需要進(jìn)行全段理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句的“Previousworkhas

analyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice”可知，之前的工作只分析

了雪崩的次聲，但從未分析過(guò)冰的次聲，以及第三段第二句的“Butacollapse……isa

prolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,......“可知，冰川

崩塌的時(shí)候會(huì)形成次聲，而冰川崩塌導(dǎo)致冰崩，所以可以用次聲去探測(cè)冰崩，與C選

項(xiàng)”研究人員正試圖使用次聲來(lái)探測(cè)冰崩”相符。故正確答案是C。

28.

【答案】C

【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)題，考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)題干可知是將“次聲”和“雷達(dá)”進(jìn)行

比較，需要選擇“次聲”的優(yōu)勢(shì)。定位至文章第四，根據(jù)第二句"Infrasound,Marchetti

says,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderarea......"

可知對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“在更廣闊的范圍內(nèi)搜索信號(hào)的能力”。故正確答案是C。

29.

【答案】A

【解析】本題是推斷題，考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。"this”指代前文中的“t。separatea

signalintoitscomponents()withoutadditionalmeasurements可矢口是需要在

不用額外測(cè)量的前提下，進(jìn)行信號(hào)來(lái)源類型的區(qū)分，與A選項(xiàng)“區(qū)分不同信號(hào)的成分”

相符。故正確答案是A。

30.

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查文章主旨；本文介紹的是人們通過(guò)次聲來(lái)探測(cè)冰川的斷裂，因?yàn)?/p>

冰川崩塌的時(shí)候會(huì)形成次聲，而冰川崩塌會(huì)導(dǎo)致冰崩，從而提前預(yù)知冰崩的可能性，首

段通過(guò)首句引入其聲波對(duì)人耳來(lái)說(shuō)波長(zhǎng)太長(zhǎng)、頻率太低以至于根本聽不見以及后文中

提到的冰川信號(hào)都與選項(xiàng)B“冰川低語(yǔ)”相符。故正確答案是B。

D

Inover25years,DeSimonehasspunhisresearchfindingsintocommercialgold

bylaunchingseveralbusinesses.AsafacultymemberattheUniversityofNorth

Carolina,heprovidedscientificadviceandheldequityinthebusinesses.Buthehas

neveractuallymanagedhiscompanies.Hisemployersbarhimfromsimultaneously

holdinganacademicpostandanexecutiveposition.Thedualrolescanpresenthuge

conflicts.

Conflictsofinterest(COIs)occurwhenanindividual'spersonalinterests—family,

friendships,financial,orsocialfactors—couldcompromisehisorherjudgment,

decisions,oractionsintheworkplace,anditmakessoundcareersensetothinkabout

howtomanagethem.Researchersshoulddisclosepotentialorexistingconflicts

acrossallaspectsofacademiclife.

Inmostplaces,COImanagementrunsonanhonorsystem.Researchersdecide

whichfinancialholdingsandrelationshipstodisclosetouniversityadministrators.

Journalsandfundersadoptasimilarsystemwhentheyaskauthorsandpeer

reviewersaboutpotentialconflictsrelatedtomanuscriptorgrantapprovals.

Mostresearchinstitutionsoffertrainingtohelpfacultymemberstounderstand

whatconstitutesapotentialorexistingconflict.Administratorsthendecidewhether

theinterestpresentsaconflict,andwhetherthatconflictcanbehandled.Ifso,they

createamanagementplantoaddressit.Ifnot,researchersmustabandonthework,

partnerwithresearchersatotherinstitutions,orleavetheiruniversity.

Perceptionplaysapartindefiningapotentialconflict,warnsWalt,achemistat

TuftsUniversity.Investigatorswhodevelopatechnologyinthelaboratoryandthen

transferittotheircompanycouldcreateaconflictofinterestintheeyesoftheir

students,Waltsays.Butthepotentialconflictcanbeavoidedbydraftingalicensing

agreementthatbarsdiscoveriesfromautomaticallybeingtransferredtothe

investigator'scompany.Waltcreatedsuchanarrangementtoassurehisstudentsthat

theyweren'tactuallyworkingforhisprivatecompanies.

Relationshipscanposeconflictswhenconferenceorganizersarechoosing

speakers.MembersoftheAmericanSocietyforHumanGeneticsprogramcommittee,

whichselectsabstractsandtalksfortheirannualmeeting,mustrecuse（要求回避）

themselvesfromconsideringtalksby,forexample,researchersattheircurrentand

pastinstitutions,closecollaboratorsandthosewithwhomtheyhavepersonalor

familialties.

Evendifferingpointsofviewcanplayapart.Scacheri,ageneticistwhochairs

thecommittee,saysthatmemberswhohavedisagreedpersonallywithpotential

speakersmightalsobeobligedtorecusethemselves:"Ifyoufeellikeyoucan'tbean

impartial（公正的）reviewer,thatisconsideredaCOI."HandlingCOIscanbe

burdensome.COImanagersemphasizethatthegoalisnottosuppressinnovation,

buttoexposepotentialconflictssothattheycanbemanaged."Nothingaboutthe

processismeanttobeprohibitive,"saysGrewal,aCOIofficeratMIT.Herinstitution

wantstoenablegoodscienceandthebettermentofhumanity."Duringthatprocess,"

shesays,"ifyoumakesomemoney,that'sgoodaswell."

31.TheexampleofDeSimoneinParagraph1isusedmainlyto.

A.raiseaquestionB.reportafinding

C.introduceatopicD.presentatheory

32.TobetterdealwithCOIs,.

A.researchershavetoquittheirjobattheuniversity

B.researchersshouldreporttheconflictsthatpossiblyexist

C.institutionsneedtomonitorthestaffscareerandrelationships

D.institutionsshouldtrainresearcherstocreatemanagementplans

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.GrewalconsidersCOImanagementexhaustingandcostly.

B.Waltarrangedtotransferdiscoveriesathislabtohiscompanies.

C.Conferenceorganizersshouldavoidinvitingunqualifiedspeakers.

D.Scacheribelievespersonalviewpointsmayimpactareviewer'sdecision.

34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.COIscanbedefineddependingoninterpretations.

B.COIsbenefitscientificinnovationandbetterhumanity.

C.COIsariseprimarilyduetothepursuitoffinancialgains.

D.COIscanbegotridofbypromotingfairnessinworkplaces.

31.

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查舉例推斷題；題干關(guān)鍵字"theexampleofDeSimone”,定位在第

一段。首段的作用主要是為了引出文章討論的主題。通過(guò)科研人員有學(xué)術(shù)研究，但是

從未經(jīng)營(yíng)管理自己的公司，事例引出雙重角色可能帶來(lái)的巨大利益沖突。這也是文章的

主旨，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)是C；所以答案選擇C。

32.

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題；題干關(guān)鍵詞"t。betterdealwithCOIs”以及按照題文順

序一致的原則，關(guān)注在第二段以及往后。通過(guò)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵字定位。第二段最后，研究者應(yīng)

當(dāng)揭露潛在的或存在的矛盾，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)是B。所以答案是B。

33.

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)推斷題；除了A選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，其他選項(xiàng)在第五段以及往后

段落中都可以找到具體的信息；否定B的信息在第五段Walt主要通過(guò)達(dá)成協(xié)議解決而

不是轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)明。否定C的信息在第六段，主要避免的是關(guān)系而不是不合格的發(fā)言人。

D選項(xiàng)通過(guò)人名定位在第七段，段主旨和選項(xiàng)含義相符，所以正確選項(xiàng)為D。

34.

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查文章主旨推斷題；結(jié)合選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵字回文定位。否定B的信息是

最后一段的主要內(nèi)容是掌控利益沖突還是很繁重的。并且解釋道目標(biāo)不是壓制創(chuàng)新，而

是暴露潛在的沖突，以便對(duì)其進(jìn)行管理。所以，B選項(xiàng)是掌控利益沖突的好處，而不是

利益沖突本身的好處。否定C選項(xiàng)的信息是本文主要講解的學(xué)術(shù)人員雙重角色可能會(huì)

會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的利益沖突，主要在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益沖突，但并不只是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。文中還提及聲譽(yù)

等。D選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。另外，文章5、6、7段主要講解的影響存在的因素，其中

interpretation與文中的perception為同義替換詞。所以正確選項(xiàng)為A。

第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩

項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?There

arepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.(35)

Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias(偏見),atendencytowarda

specificmentalmistake.

Tostudy"jumping",weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan

600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrors

thannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.(36)Inaquiz

aboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswereright

significantlymorethanotherparti