2022年中考英語(yǔ)外研版總復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-專題七動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

專題七動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類及用法分類特點(diǎn)舉例行為動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)Weloveourcountry.不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)Heisstanding.系動(dòng)詞后面跟表語(yǔ),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)Sheisagoodstudent.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與其后的動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)Icanswim.beam/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)be+過(guò)去分詞→被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Heisreading.Itwasrainingheavilyatthattime.Treesareplantedeveryyear.do形式有do,does,did,用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句,或用在動(dòng)詞前加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Doyougotoschoolonfoot?Idon’tknowwhattodo.Wedidhaveagoodtimethere.havehave/has+過(guò)去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞→過(guò)去完成時(shí)Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.will/shallwill/shall+動(dòng)詞原形→一般將來(lái)時(shí)Willyoudrivemehome?1.動(dòng)詞后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)的就是及物動(dòng)詞,不直接跟賓語(yǔ)就是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:Heworksveryhard.(vi.)HestudiesEnglishveryhard.(vt.)2.助動(dòng)詞do/did可以代替前面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞,以避免重復(fù)。如:—Whocleanedthewindow?—Jimdid.動(dòng)詞的形式1.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律詞尾形式變化規(guī)則舉例一般情況在詞尾加-sswim→swims;leave→leaves以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-o結(jié)尾在詞尾加-esdo→does;pass→passes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加-esstudy→studies;carry→carries不規(guī)則變化have→has讀音規(guī)則一般情況讀/z/。在清輔音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/后讀/s/。在/s/,/z/,/t/,/dз/之后讀/iz/2.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律詞尾形式變化規(guī)則舉例一般情況直接加-ingplay→playing;read→reading以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e加-inglive→living;write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加-ingput→putting;sit→sitting以ie結(jié)尾改ie為y再加-ingdie→dying;lie→lying3.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則詞尾形式規(guī)則舉例一般情況加-edplant→plantedplay→played以e結(jié)尾加-dlive→livedchange→changed以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾改y為i再加-edcarry→carriedstudy→studied以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-edstop→stoppedprefer→preferred注意:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式一樣。(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞歸納①ABB型不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(A代表動(dòng)詞原形,BB代表過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞相同)原形特征過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-end-ent-entlend,spend,send-ay-aid-aidsay,pay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean---ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think---aught-aughtcatch,teach②ABC型不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形特征過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,write③AAA型不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞擊中、受傷、讓、吐痰、去掉、花費(fèi)、讀、放、砍。(hit)(hurt)(let)(spit)(rid)(cost)(read)(put)(cut)巧記動(dòng)詞加-s或-es動(dòng)詞有三單,詞尾常把-s添。詞尾若是s,ch,sh,直接加上-es。詞尾有字母x或o,加上-es不用愁。輔音字母加y,要把y變i?，F(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成歌訣現(xiàn)在分詞用途多,進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)不可缺。它的構(gòu)成很好記,動(dòng)詞后綴-ing。詞尾若有啞音e,去e再加沒(méi)問(wèn)題。一輔重讀閉音節(jié),這個(gè)字母要雙寫(xiě)。還有一點(diǎn)要注意,改ie為y再加-ing。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成口訣過(guò)去式構(gòu)成有規(guī)律,一般詞尾加-ed。如果詞尾有個(gè)e,直接加-d就可以?！拜o音字母+y”,先變y為i?！耙惠o重閉”作尾巴,雙寫(xiě)之后-ed加?！緢D解】ABB型【圖解】ABC型【圖解】AAA型常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成及用法1.動(dòng)詞+介詞breakinto破門(mén)而入;comefrom來(lái)自;dealwith處理、對(duì)付;dependon依靠;getover克服;laughat嘲笑;lookafter照顧;lookfor尋找;hearfrom收到……來(lái)信;takeafter與……相像;standfor代表;sendfor派人去請(qǐng);waitfor等候2.動(dòng)詞+副詞comeup提出;cheerup使振奮、高興;cleanup打掃干凈;fixup修理;givein屈服;giveaway贈(zèng)送,分發(fā);holdon堅(jiān)持、等一會(huì);putup建立、發(fā)布;thinkover仔細(xì)考慮;wakeup醒來(lái)3.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞addupto合計(jì)達(dá);catchupwith趕上;comeupwith提出;getawayfrom逃離;keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離;keeponwith繼續(xù)做;lookdownupon/on蔑視;lookforwardto期盼4.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞makecontributionsto對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn);makefriendswith與……交朋友;makefunof取笑;makeprogressin在……上取得進(jìn)步;takecareof照顧;takepartin參加;takepridein以……為驕傲;payattentionto注意5.動(dòng)詞+名詞loseheart灰心;makefaces做鬼臉;makefriends交朋友6.be+形容詞+介詞befondof喜歡;beafraidof害怕;befamousfor以……出名;begoodat擅長(zhǎng);bereadyfor為……做準(zhǔn)備;beproudof以……為自豪1.“動(dòng)介詞組”其后需要帶賓語(yǔ)。2.“動(dòng)副詞組”作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),如果名詞作賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)可以放在動(dòng)副詞組的后邊,也可放在中間。但代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)要放在中間。3.“動(dòng)副介詞組”后跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)置于介詞之后。一、動(dòng)詞的分類及用法(C)1.(2021·黃石中考)—IwonderifthisglassisTom’s.—Itbehis.Hiswasbrokenjustnow.

A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.shouldn’t(A)2.(2021·南京中考)ThedramaYuhuayaocitizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty’shistory.

A.provided B.guarded C.compared D.protected(C)3.(2021·青海中考)Momiscookingchickensoup;itsogood.

A.sounds B.tastes C.smells(D)4.(2021·濱州中考)—Henry,didyoudrivebacktoyourhometownduringtheSpringFestival?—No,Iwastotakethetrainbecausethetrafficisoftenthebusiestatthattime.

A.praised B.taught C.warned D.advised一、三步解決動(dòng)詞用法題Step1:確定所給選項(xiàng)的含義;Step2:分析語(yǔ)境,找出關(guān)鍵詞或前后的邏輯關(guān)系;Step3:確定正確答案?！菊Z(yǔ)法心得】____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、動(dòng)詞的五種形式1.(2021·龍東中考)MissGaotriestomakeherstudentsexpress(express)theirideas.2.(2020·安順中考)BeijingOpera,animportantpartofChineseculture,has(have)ahistoryofover200years.3.(2021·龍東中考)Attending(attend)the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsishisdream.4.(2021·龍東中考)Studentsshouldhavesomebasiclifeskills,including(include)cooking,washingandcleaning.5.(2021·永州中考)Whenitcomestomybirthdays,Iwouldliketoinvitemyfriendstowatch(watch)amovie.

6.(2021·包頭中考)Shelocked(lock)thefrontdoorandwentoutside.7.(2020·泰州中考)—Couldyoutellmewhatthesignmeans?—Keepdistanceinpublicplacestoavoidcatching(catch)avirus.8.(2021·包頭中考)Hebecameinterestedincollecting(collect)kitesafterhewatchedadocumentary.二、判斷動(dòng)詞形式的四種技巧:1.慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞。如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用原形;出現(xiàn)yesterday等明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。2.細(xì)心體會(huì)辨語(yǔ)境。要理解上下文想表達(dá)的語(yǔ)境,判斷用什么時(shí)態(tài)。3.主從時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)。如在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.固定搭配要牢記。如invitesb.todosth.三、動(dòng)詞的辨析(B)1.(2021·荊州中考)—DoyouknowZhangGuimei,whowashonoredasoneofthe“PeopleWhoMovedChina”?—Yes,shethefirstfreehighschoolforgirlsinmountainareasandhashelpedmorethan1,800studentstogotocollege.

A.educatedB.createdC.memorizedD.dreamed(A)2.(2021·綏化中考)Mum,couldyouhelpmemytoycar?Ican’titanywhere!

A.lookfor;findB.find;lookforC.look;findout(A)3.(2021·樂(lè)山中考)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyoualifewithoutit?

A.imagineB.expectC.understand三、三步解決動(dòng)詞辨析題Step1:首先根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)境確定句意;Step2:根據(jù)固定搭配,或動(dòng)詞后的成分,找出動(dòng)詞的細(xì)微差別;Step3:確定正確答案。四、