Unit4Languagepoints參考演示課件

Unit4

Global

warmingLanguage

points1.

What

do

you

think

green

house

gases

do?本句中think后接了一個由what引導的賓語從句。但應注意的是:特殊賓語從句即當一般疑問句主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,consider,imagine,guess和sugges等時，表疑問的詞要放在主句前即句首。例如：[正]Who

do

you

think

will

win

in

the

game?[誤]Do

you

think

who

will

win

in

the

game?當然一般情況下賓語從句的疑問詞應放在主句之后，例如：[誤]Why

do

you

know

we

can"t

cut

down

thebig

tree?[正]Do

you

know

why

we

can"t

cut

down

thebig

tree?2

…

it

is

a

rapid

increase

compared

to

mostnatural

changes.1).

vt.比較；對照。compare…with…表示“把……與……相比(同類相比)”如：Compare

your

answers

with

those

at

the

back

of

the

boto

see

if

they

are

right.把你的答案同書后面的答案對照一下，看看是否正確。

My

handwriting

can

not

be

compared

with

my

father’s我的書法不能與我父親的相比。2)．vt.喻為；比擬。compare…to…表示“把……比做……（異類相比，比喻）”如：Man’s

life

is

often

compared

do

a

candle.人生常被比為蠟燭。Shakespeare

compared

the

world

to

a

stage.莎士比亞把人世比做舞臺。知識拓展compared

to

/with與……相比,只能作狀語

Compared

to

/with

many

women,

she

was

indeedvery

fortunate.3.How

has

this

come

about

and

does

it

matter?come

about

:

發(fā)生，造成 相當于happenWhen

Mother

woke

up,

she

didn’t

know

whathad

come

about.I’ll

never

understand

how

it

came

about

thatwere

late

three

times

a

week.你知道那次空難是怎么發(fā)生的嗎?Do

you

know

how

the

air

accident

came

about?隨著電的使用，種種大變化發(fā)生了。With

the

use

of

electricity,

great

changes

hcome

about.4.

There

is

no

doubt

that….一、作不可數(shù)名詞,作"疑惑;懷疑”①肯定句中doubt多接whether(一般不用if代替同位語從句。如:There"s

some

doubtw_h_e_t_h_e_r

he"ll

keep

hispromise.他會不會信守諾言還難說。She

had

her

doubts

w_h_e_t_h_e_r

the

new

book

woulsell

well.她懷疑新書是否會暢銷。②否定句中doubt多接that同位語從句。如:There

is

no

doub

th_a_t

they

will

ask

youfor

help.毫無疑問,他們會請你幫忙的。I

have

no

doubtt_h_a_t_

you

will

succeed.我毫不懷疑你會成功的。二、作及物動詞常用于下列句型中,作"懷疑;不能肯定;不大相信"解,一般不用進行時態(tài)。①用于否定句或疑問句,后接that引導的賓語從句。如:I

don"t

doubth_a_t

he

is

telling

the

truth.我毫不懷疑他在講真話。Do

you

doubt

_t_h_a_the

will

win

the

match?你懷疑他會贏這場比賽嗎?②用于肯定句,一般接whether或if引導的賓語從句.如:I

doubt

w_h_e_t_h

er_/_i_f_we

will

make

a

profit

outof

it.我認為我們不可能從此事中獲利。We

doubt

w_h_e_t_h_e_r_/_isfhe

will

be

persuaded.我們不知道她會不會被說服。5.subscribe

to

同意;贊成；訂購常用于疑問句和否定句I’ve

never

subscribed

to

the

theory

thatpeople

are

more

important

than

animals.我從來沒有同意過人比動物更重要的理論。I

don’t

subscribe

to

the

idea

that

moneybrings

happiness.我不同意金錢能帶來快樂的觀點。6…it

is

human

activity

that

has

caused

thisglobal

warming

rather

than

a

random

butnatural

phenomenon.……全球轉暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。It

is…that…是強調句式，被強調部分是

human

activity,強調全球轉暖的原因是認為的。rather在這里的意思是“在更大的車高度上”，與than連用，可以譯為“不是…,而是…”。類似的用法有：The

parents

should

be

punished

rather

thanthe

boy.改受到懲罰的是那男孩的父母而不應當是男孩。7.

Some

byproducts

of

this

process

are

called“greenhouse”

gases,

the

most

important

obeing

carbon

dioxide.the

most

important

one

being

carbon

dioxid是一個獨立主格結構，由名詞+分詞構成，

在句中做補充說明或伴隨的狀況。_T_i_m_e_p_e_r_m_i_t_t_i_n_g

(時間允許的話)，I

willshow

you

around

the

city.T_o_d_a_y

b_e_i_n_g_S_u_n_d_a_y

(今天是星期天)，Idon’t

have

to

go

to

work.N_o_b_o_dy_h_a_v_i_n_g_a_n_y

m_o_r_e_t_o

s_a_y_(沒有人要說的話)，the

meeting

was

closed.8.Without

the

‘green

house

effect’,

the

earwould

be

about

thirty-three

degrees

Celsiuscooler

than

it

is.這是一個含蓄虛擬條件句有時假設的情況并不以條件從句形式表示出來，而是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。常用的詞或短語有：without,but

for，but

that，otherwise，or，but等。

Without

your

help(=If

we

had

not

had

your

helwe

could

not

have

succeeded．要是沒有你的幫助，我們是不會成功的。But

for

electricity

(=

If

there

were

noelectricity)，there

would

be

no

modemindustry．要是沒有電，就不會有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。He

was

having

a

meeting

with

his

studentsotherwise

he

would

have

come.他當時正與他的學生進行討論，否則的話他就來幫我們了。He

felt

very

tired

yesterday,

or

hewould

have

attended

the

party．他昨天很累,不然他就參加那個聚會了。quantity量quantity

of大量的eg:就食物而言，他講究量不講究質。He

prefers

quantity

to

quality

when

food

isconcerned.quantity也可以用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“數(shù)量”

Police

found

a

large

quantity

of

illegal

dru警方發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量違禁藥品。9.It

means

that

more

heat

energy

tends

to

betrapped

in

the

stmosphere

causing

the

globtemperature

to

go

up.它意味著更多的熱能將被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。動詞tend后面跟不定式，表示“有…的傾向，有…的習慣”，或譯為”傾向于，趨于”。如：It

tends

to

snow

heavily

here

in

winter.這里的冬天往往雪下的很大。trap誘捕;使陷入困境；留住。如：Sand

and

leaves

trapped

the

water

in

thestream.沙石和樹葉淤住了溪流。They

finally

trapped

the

mouse

in

a

cage.最后，他們用罩子把老鼠逮住了。10.go

up

上升；增長。如：The

temperature

in

this

area

has

goneup

2

degrees

than

that

at

the

sametime

last

year.這個地區(qū)的氣溫比去年通義時期上升了兩度。11.

result

inresult

in結果;致使;導致主語：起因

in

的賓語：結果Acting

before

thinking

always

reisnults

fai做事不先考慮總會導致失敗。The

accident

resultiend

the

death

of

two

peo這場意外事故造成兩人死亡。result

from起于,由于,由…引起，主語：結果

from

的賓語：起因His

sickness

resultferdo_m

eating

too

mu12.

state

v.陳述，聲明；staten.

狀況，情況；國家；+n.+that從句+wh-從句；可用于被動結構，也可用過去分詞作定語。state+n.+that從句+wh-從句；他已公開聲明他會支持那項政策。He

has

publiclyst_a_t_e_d_

_h_i_s

s_u_p_p_o_rtfor

the

policy.我聽見那位官員說不接納兒童。I

heard

the

official

state

that

they

would

not

accept3.合同清楚地敘述了那項工作應在何時完成。The

contract

stated

when

the

work

should

be

finished.n.狀況，情況；國家eg:她今天心情不好。She

is

in

a

terrible

state

today.eg:國家首腦the

head

of

state13.

rangev.排列,使成行；偏袒，站在…的方面。n.范圍(尤指從…到…各種種類,可供選擇的范圍等，可加不定冠詞)；排列beyond

the

range

of…超越……的范圍

out

of

one’s

range某人達不到的

這家商店商品品種多。The

shop

keeps_a_w_i_d_e

r_a_n_g_e_o_f_g_o_o_d_s

.Sediment(沉淀物)builds

up

on

the

ocean

floorcollect累積,收集14.Greenhouse

gases

continue

to

build

up

in

tatmosphere.溫室氣體繼續(xù)在大氣層中聚集。build

up

逐步建立，增加，增進

build

up

one’s

fortun累e

積財富

build

up

one’s

strengt養(yǎng)h

精蓄銳

build

up

the

business擴大,發(fā)展This

built

up

my

hope

after

the

interview.增加,支持,樹立15.Even

if

we

start

reducing

the

amount

ocarbon

dioxide

and

other

gr