區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)與商戶(hù)區(qū)塊鏈應(yīng)用實(shí)踐

區(qū)塊鏈BLOCKCHAIN商戶(hù)導(dǎo)購(gòu)區(qū)塊鏈應(yīng)用實(shí)踐什么是區(qū)塊鏈定義：A

BLOCKCHAIN—ORIGINALLY,BLOCK

CHAIN—IS

A

DISTRIBUTED

DATABASE

THAT

MAINTAINS

A

CONTINUOUSLY-GROWING

LIST

OF

DATA

RECORDHARDENED

AGAINST

TAMPERING

AND

REVISION.

IT

CONSISTS

OF

DATA

STRUCTURE

BLOCKS—WHICH

HOLD

EXCLUSIVELY

DATA

IN

INITIAL

BLOCKCHAINIMPLEMENTATIONS,

AND

BOTH

DATA

AND

PROGRAMS

IN

SOME

OF

THE

MORE

RECENT

IMPLEMENTATIONS—WITH

EACH

BLOCK

HOLDING

BATCHES

OF

INDIVIDUAL

TRANSACTIONS

AND

THE

RESULTS

OF

ANY

BLOCKCHAIN

EXECUTABLES.

EACH

BLOCK

CONTAINS

A

TIMESTAMP

AND

INFORMATION

LINKING

IT

TO

APREVIOUS

BLOCK是一個(gè)分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，它維護(hù)不斷增長(zhǎng)的防止篡改和修改的數(shù)據(jù)記錄列表。它由數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)塊實(shí)現(xiàn)完全數(shù)據(jù)初始區(qū)塊舉行，在一些塊保持批次個(gè)別交易更近的實(shí)現(xiàn)和任何區(qū)塊數(shù)據(jù)和程序執(zhí)行的結(jié)果。每個(gè)塊包含一個(gè)時(shí)間戳和將它鏈接到上一塊的信息。什么是區(qū)塊鏈定義：A

BLOCKCHAIN—ORIGINALLY,

BLOCK

CHAIN—IS

A

DISTRIBUTED

DATABASE

THAT

MAINTAINS

A

CONTINUOUSLY-GROWING

LIST

OF

DATA

RECORDHARDENED

AGAINST

TAMPERING

AND

REVISION.

IT

CONSISTS

OF

DATA

STRUCTURE

BLOCKS—WHICH

HOLD

EXCLUSIVELY

DATA

IN

INITIAL

BLOCKCHAINIMPLEMENTATIONS,

AND

BOTH

DATA

AND

PROGRAMS

IN

SOME

OF

THE

MORE

RECENT

IMPLEMENTATIONS—WITH

EACH

BLOCK

HOLDING

BATCHES

OFINDIVIDUAL

TRANSACTIONS

AND

THE

RESULTS

OF

ANY

BLOCKCHAIN

EXECUTABLES.

EACH

BLOCK

CONTAINS

A

TIMESTAMP

AND

INFORMATION

LINKING

IT

TO

APREVIOUS

BLOCK是一個(gè)分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，它維護(hù)不斷增長(zhǎng)的防止篡改和修改的數(shù)據(jù)記錄列表。它由數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)塊實(shí)現(xiàn)完全數(shù)據(jù)初始區(qū)塊舉行，在一些塊保持批次個(gè)別交易更近的實(shí)現(xiàn)和任何區(qū)塊數(shù)據(jù)和程序執(zhí)行的結(jié)果。每個(gè)塊包含一個(gè)時(shí)間戳和將它鏈接到上一塊的信息。太太抽象了了賬戶(hù)A賬戶(hù)B支付機(jī)構(gòu)用戶(hù)A用戶(hù)B－100＋100交易支付信任中介傳統(tǒng)交易支付流程賬戶(hù)A賬戶(hù)B支付機(jī)構(gòu)用戶(hù)A用戶(hù)B－100＋100交易支付信任中介特點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)集中保存中間機(jī)構(gòu)控制數(shù)據(jù)安全可能會(huì)存在被串改風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng)故障后就不可用了傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)銷(xiāo)售流程生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)商A生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)商A消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者￥5.00￥4.00渠道商A￥50.00渠道商N(yùn)￥100.00￥129.00￥125.00￥180.00特點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)商B消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者￥4.00渠道商A￥50.00渠道商N(yùn)￥100.00￥129.00￥125.00￥180.00生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)者信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)，數(shù)據(jù)不透明渠道商賺取大量差價(jià)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)薄弱消費(fèi)者承擔(dān)了N倍的成本生產(chǎn)

￥5.00廠(chǎng)商A目前大數(shù)據(jù)和AI大數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)

&Ai平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源特點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)源大數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)

&Ai平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)據(jù)源多種多樣，無(wú)法枚舉數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)行分析基本不可能單點(diǎn)分析耗費(fèi)時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù)可信任？等一會(huì)兒，我們來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)交易機(jī)構(gòu)壟斷，數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)于集中數(shù)據(jù)的信任和海量數(shù)據(jù)的處理數(shù)據(jù)和資源的共享數(shù)據(jù)的安全性單式記賬法User

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...復(fù)式記賬法User

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...區(qū)塊鏈－鏈?zhǔn)接涃~...

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...特點(diǎn)1.每個(gè)賬本都有上一個(gè)賬本信息...................................................2..新.記.賬時(shí)都需要帶上上一個(gè)...................................................賬.本..信..息...

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...創(chuàng)世區(qū)塊第N次 序列號(hào)＝Hash(序號(hào)N-1，記賬時(shí)間，交易)第1次 序列號(hào)＝Hash(序號(hào)0，記賬時(shí)間，交易)…

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…區(qū)塊鏈－鏈?zhǔn)接涃~創(chuàng)世區(qū)塊特點(diǎn)1.每個(gè)賬本都有上一個(gè)賬本信息...................................................2..新.記.賬時(shí)都需要帶上上一個(gè)...................................................賬.本..信..息...

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...第N次 序列號(hào)＝Hash(序號(hào)N-1，記賬時(shí)間，交易)第1次 序列號(hào)＝Hash(序號(hào)0，記賬時(shí)間，交易)…

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...鏈數(shù)據(jù)有了，放哪里？特點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)非集中存放分布于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)

數(shù)據(jù)大小是個(gè)問(wèn)題，按照比特幣10分鐘記賬一次的比例，10分鐘增加1m,分布式存儲(chǔ)問(wèn)題

數(shù)據(jù)同步怎么保證是完整的和安全的怎么保證節(jié)點(diǎn)失效的情況下數(shù)據(jù)的容錯(cuò)性

怎么保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷下數(shù)據(jù)的完整性怎么保證同一時(shí)間只有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的數(shù)據(jù)同步到賬本分布式存儲(chǔ)摩爾定律

Merkle樹(shù)CAP理論ACID&BASE理論不可能原理拜占庭將軍問(wèn)題PAXOS

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RAFT（只針對(duì)非拜占庭錯(cuò)誤）時(shí)間集中存儲(chǔ)的瓶頸－摩爾定律存儲(chǔ)隨著時(shí)間的增加，存儲(chǔ)并不能按照預(yù)計(jì)的倍數(shù)增加一倍隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的海量數(shù)據(jù)需要存儲(chǔ)和處理數(shù)據(jù)的相對(duì)集中存儲(chǔ)越來(lái)越不滿(mǎn)足需要分布式存儲(chǔ)和處理越來(lái)越急迫來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題數(shù)據(jù)完整性的問(wèn)題－MERKLE樹(shù)文件傳輸校驗(yàn) －

md5（hash算法）如果是分多塊傳輸，那么每一塊都對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)hash碼，校驗(yàn)的代價(jià)很大??！通過(guò)部分的hash碼校驗(yàn)整個(gè)文件的完整性？是的，可以ROOT123453

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hash5

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hash1

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hash3

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hash5

hash66

hash向上傳遞有什么卵用？數(shù)據(jù)有效性問(wèn)題－CAP理論一致性有效性分區(qū)容錯(cuò)性這個(gè)不說(shuō)了，大家都懂的 CP

or

AP

or

CA網(wǎng)絡(luò)在分區(qū)的時(shí)候，無(wú)法同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足一致性和有效性數(shù)據(jù)共識(shí)問(wèn)題－從ACID到BASE理論ACID

-傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的強(qiáng)一致模型Atomicity:每次操作是原子的,要么成功,要么不執(zhí)行;Consistency:數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的狀態(tài)是一致的,無(wú)中間狀態(tài);Isolation:各種操作此互相不影響;Durability:狀態(tài)的改變是持久的,不會(huì)失效。在分布式情況下，節(jié)點(diǎn)或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，系統(tǒng)是不可用的BASE理論基本可用－分布式系統(tǒng)在出現(xiàn)故障的時(shí)候，允許損失部分可用性，即保證核心可用軟狀態(tài)－系統(tǒng)存在中間狀態(tài)，而該中間狀態(tài)不會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)整體可用性最終一致性－系統(tǒng)中的所有數(shù)據(jù)副本經(jīng)過(guò)一定時(shí)間后，最終能夠達(dá)到一致的狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)共識(shí)問(wèn)題－不可能性原理選舉人選舉人選舉人01?

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z結(jié)論：？？拜占庭將軍問(wèn)題一次一支軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻，必然被滅同時(shí)兩支或者兩支以上才能成功必須達(dá)成共識(shí)在同一時(shí)間同時(shí)進(jìn)攻

傳遞消息可能出現(xiàn)叛徒，造成一致無(wú)法達(dá)成解決PBFTPoWPOSDPOS智能合約例如：信用卡自動(dòng)扣款水電煤自動(dòng)扣款繳費(fèi)；透支了就應(yīng)該還款，水電煤消費(fèi)了就應(yīng)該繳費(fèi)權(quán)利義務(wù)權(quán)利和義務(wù)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系原始的智能合約中心化新型的智能合約去中心化特點(diǎn)：有系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行執(zhí)行，不需要人為干預(yù)和控制，由雙方共同制定權(quán)利和義務(wù)，并按此執(zhí)行特點(diǎn)：規(guī)則由制定方控制，可以進(jìn)行人為的操作，這種操作很有可能是帶有偏向性的區(qū)塊鏈問(wèn)題解決數(shù)據(jù)同步數(shù)據(jù)一致性（對(duì)稱(chēng)性）容錯(cuò)和安全數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)共識(shí)算法分布式存儲(chǔ)信任和履行智能合約區(qū)塊鏈整體架構(gòu)預(yù)覽應(yīng)用層pc

app擴(kuò)展層智能合約文件信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)層共識(shí)算法持久層進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的操作接入驅(qū)動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于應(yīng)用層協(xié)議層，相當(dāng)于基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)劃重點(diǎn)，以后要考！??！區(qū)塊 區(qū)塊區(qū)塊 區(qū)塊側(cè)鏈區(qū)塊鏈類(lèi)型(POSPOW)公鏈可以自由的加入或者退出私鏈完全私有，中心機(jī)構(gòu)控制

(PBFT PAXOS

RAFT)聯(lián)盟鏈部分去中心化

(PBFT PAXOS

RAFT)側(cè)鏈節(jié)點(diǎn)相對(duì)可靠節(jié)點(diǎn)不信任需要挖礦即市應(yīng)用－背景沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的生態(tài)沒(méi)有用戶(hù)粘性商戶(hù)和商戶(hù)之間信息壁壘平臺(tái)和商戶(hù)互動(dòng)性不強(qiáng)驅(qū)動(dòng)力應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景生態(tài)圈定義流通數(shù)量定義獲取規(guī)則統(tǒng)一代幣產(chǎn)生規(guī)則統(tǒng)一代幣流通規(guī)則統(tǒng)一代幣兌換規(guī)則代幣參與交易代代幣可轉(zhuǎn)贈(zèng)在整個(gè)生態(tài)圈