國際醫(yī)學(xué)會議交際英語-Unit-5課件

EnglishforPresentationsatInternationalMedicalConferences國際醫(yī)學(xué)會議交際英語Unit5

CreatingaPPTforYourAcademicPresentationFunctionsofPPTIHowtoachieveabetterPPTIIReflectionsandPracticeIII3Aftercompletingthissection,youwillbeabletoknowthefunctionsofPPT;befamiliarwiththewaystoachievebetterPPT;usePPTeffectivelyatacademicconferences.4PartIFunctionsofPPT5DefinitionofPPTPowerPoint:“power”in“pointing”outthemainidea(s)ofthepresentation.Effectivepresentersdonotjustdispenseorcovermaterial,butratherinducttheaudienceintowaysofunderstandingcontent(Stoner,2007).PowerPointisapresentationalcommunicationtoolthatincorporatesreadingandwritingtoenhancethepresenter’sinformationandmotivation.6FunctionsofPPTTohighlightnewpointswithanappropriateimageorphrase7eg.

InChina,themorbidityofhypertensionisincreasingyearbyyear.Hypertensionhasfourcharacteristics:highmorbidity,highmortality,highdisabilityrate,andhighmedicalcost.FunctionsofPPTTosupporttechnicalinformationwithclearlydisplayeddata8FunctionsofPPTToindicatesequencebylinkingpointstogether9FunctionsofPPTToofferevidencefromtheresearchtosupporttheargumentofthepresenter

PPTcouldprovidetheevidencewithimmediacywhenitisthepropertimeforthemtosee.10FunctionsofPPTTointegrateothervisualaidstoservethepresentersThepowerfulnessofPPTisembodiedbyoneofitscharacteristicsof“integratingcapacity”toinvolveintheothervisualaidssuchasvideos,picturesandevenaudios,flashes,etc.11FunctionsofPPTPPT

can

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a

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powerful

tool

to

enhance

the

impact

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yourpresentation.

Words

and

images

presented

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directlytoyouraudience’simagination,andaddpowertoyourspeech.12PartIIIHowtoAchieveabetterPPT

13HowtoAchieveabetterPPTIsmyPPTfulloftoomuchoftext?DidIconveywhatIwanttosaytotheaudience?Doesmypresentationshowthefigureordataproperly?Ismypresentationsimplytooboring?14HowtoAchieveabetterPPTThreecriteria:Beprofessional;Beeasytoread;Benotdistracting.15StructureofanAcademicPowerPointTitleslide(1slide)Contents/Outlineslide(0-1slide)MainbodyIntroduction/Background(1-2slides)Objectives/Hypothesis/Researchquestions(1slide)Methodology(1-3slides)Results(andDiscussions)(3-4slides)Futurework(0-1slide)Conclusions(1-2slides)Summaryslide(1slide)Acknowledgementsslide(1slide)Q&Aslide(0-1slide)Referencesslide(0-1slide)16StructureofanAcademicPowerPointTitleslide:Titleofyourpresentation,withasubtitleifthetitleisunclear;Yourname;Contactinformation(e-mailaddress,website,etc.);Affiliation(university/lab/hospital)logo;Dateofthepresentation(ifspacepermitted).17StructureofanAcademicPowerPoint18TitleslideTitleSlideTitleofthepresentationBuildtitlebank.Findthekeyor“trigger”words.Useafullnarrativetitle.Useconsistent,linkingornestingconceptsandvocabulary.Positionthetitleatthecenteroftheslidewithfixed-widthlayouts,sometimesleft-aligned,veryrarely,right-aligned.Capitalizethetitle.19TitleofthepresentationBuildyourtitlebank:Verbalphrasepattern

DecipheringtheEpitranscriptomeinCancer

NounphrasepatternCSB:AnEmergingActionableTargetforCancerTherapySkinCommensalAntigens:TakingtheRoadLessTraveledResistancetoIbrutinibinBCellMalignancies:OneSizeDoesNotFitAllLipidDropletsasImmuneModulatorsinMyeloidCellsSentencepatternNaturalKillerCellsDetectaTumor-ProducedGrowthFactor:AVestigeofAntiviralResistance?Macrophage-DerivedExtracellularSuccinateLicensesNeuralStemCellstoSuppressChronicNeuroinflammationCell,201820TitleofthepresentationFindthekeyor“trigger”words.

Ifyourtitleincludeskeywordsthatotheracademicsandresearchersinyourfieldarelikelytosearchfor,thenyourpresentationismuchmorelikelytoattracttheattentionfromthosepeople.Useafullnarrativetitle.Pickatitlewhichmakescompletelyclearwhatyourargument,conclusionsorfindingsare.Anarrativeheadingtellsthefullstoryofyourstudyoryourresearch.Especiallyinthehypothesis-basedstudies,aresult-demonstratingtitleseemsbetterthanapurpose-exhibitingtitle. EffectsofOrangesonIntelligenceinMice Title1 EatingOrangesReducesIntelligenceinMice Title2Title1mayattractlessaudiencethanTitle2sincetheformerdescribesthepurposeofthestudywhilethelatterpresentsitsuniqueresult.21TitleofthepresentationUseconsistent,linkingornestingconceptsandvocabulary.Positionthetitleatthecenteroftheslidewithfixed-widthlayouts,sometimesleft-aligned,veryrarely,right-aligned.22TitleofthepresentationCapitalizethetitle.Capitalizeeveryinitialletterofthecontentwords(nouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs,etc.).Forexample:Orcapitalizesolelytheinitialletterofthefirstwordofthetitle.Forexample:Allcapitallettersarenotwelcomeforitslowreadability.Forexample:23

EffectsofEatingOrangesonIntelligencein

Mice

Effectsofeatingorangesonintelligencein

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EFFECTSOFEATINGORANGESONINTELLIGENCEIN

MICETitleofthepresentationNameofthepresenter:Westernersusuallyputtheirgivennamesbeforetheirsurnames.UsuallywefollowtheWesternstyleataninternationalconference.However,theChinesestyleisalsoacceptablenowadays.WangWenli ChinesestyleWenliWang WesternstyleWhenthenumberofthecharactersinyourgivennameandsurnameisthesame,eitheroftheabovewritingwillbringconfusion.Insuchcase,it’smoreadvisabletocapitalizeyoursurname.GangZHAOZHAOGangIftheresearchprojectisdonebymorethanoneresearcher,thoughonlyonepresenterwillbeonthestagetomakethepresentation,otherresearchers’namesshouldalsobeplacedinthetitleslide.GangZHAO,WenliWANG24TitleofthepresentationContactinformation:25TitleofthepresentationDateofthepresentation:Don’tinsertthedateineveryslide.Choosetherighttimeformat.Chineseformatofyear-month-dayisnotawisechoiceinaninternationalconference.ABritishformatisday-month-year,acompletelyreversedformatfromtheChineseone,whileAmericanformatfollowsmonth-day-year. 2017.12.6 Chineseformat

6thDecember2017 Britishformat

Dec.6,2017 Americanformat26StructureofanAcademicPowerPointTableofContentsvs.OutlineTableofContentsslide(TOC)couldhelpyouraudiencetoknowwheretheyareinyourtalking.Youcouldalsouseitasatransitionslidebyhighlightingthetopic.However,forapresentationwithin20minutesorless,anoutlinecanbehelpful.Ashortoutlinecanbeusefultoclarifythestructureofthepresentation.27StructureofanAcademicPowerPointMainbodyBackground;Objectives/Hypothesis/Researchquestions;Methodology;Results(andDiscussions);Futurework/Furtherresearch;Conclusions.28MainbodyBackground:Peopledojudgeabookbyitscover,youmaywantyourcover—yourbackgroundslide—towakeyouraudienceupandgrabtheirattention.So,yourjobistomakeinformationinterestingandmakeyourfirstslideawesome.29BackgroundUsepictures,images,videos/audiosinsteadoftexts.30BackgroundStartwitharesearchquestionortopicpeopleareinterestedinorastoryrelated.31BackgroundExplainthedifficultconcept.32BackgroundCiteyourresourcescorrectly.33MainbodyObjectives/Hypothesis/ResearchquestionsslideDon’tusesentences,usephrasesorexpressionsinstead.Parallelthetextwithsimilarstructure.

Ifthefirstobjectiveisnominalexpression,theresttakesthesameform.34Objectives/Hypothesis/ResearchquestionsslideUseimages,graphicstograsptheaudience’sattention,butnottoomany.35Objectives/Hypothesis/ResearchquestionsslideHighlightthekeyswordsorexpressionswithcolors36MethodologyslideMethodologyisdefinedas“thesystematic,theoreticalanalysisofthemethodsappliedtoafieldofstudy”.Itcomprisesthetheoreticalanalysisofthebodyofmethodsandprinciplesassociatedwithabranchofknowledge.37MainbodyResultsanddiscussionsslidesSomepresentersprefertopresentresultsanddiscussionsseparately,somedothemtogether.Eitherwayyoupick,youshouldknowthedifferencesbetweenthemsothatyouwon’tmakemistakesinyourlanguagechoice.38ResultsanddiscussionsslideDifferencesbetweenResultsandDiscussionsTheResultssectionisnotmerelyastringofnumbers,tablesandfigures.Itshouldincludeanarrativedescriptionofthedata,thepointoftheanalysis,andtheimplicationsoftheanalysisforthedata.Inthispart,youshouldaimtonarrateyourfindingswithouttryingtointerpretorevaluatethemandyouneedtotitleyourgraphics,sometimesaddfootnotestothem.TheDiscussionssectionisaplacetoelaborateontheimplicationsofdatacollected,howthedatafitintothelargertheorythatisbeingproposed,orhowtheyrelatetootherliterature.39ResultsanddiscussionsslideDifferencesbetweenResultsandDiscussionsBasedonthepatternofdata,thestatisticallysignificanttwo-wayinteractionintheanalysisofvarianceimpliesthatthetreatmentgroupimprovedonourtestofknowledgemorethanthecontrolgroup.Sentence1

TheANOVAdemonstratesthatthetreatmentiseffective. Sentence2

TheANOVAdemonstratesthatweshouldbeusingourparticulareducationaltreatmentratherthantheother. Sentence3

Sentence1showstheresultswhile2and3belongtothediscussions.40Results:suggestionsDonotpresentalltheresultsyouget.Picktheresultsinlightoftheirsignificance,reliabilityandvalidity.Organizetheresultsinawaythatiseasytounderstandandorderlyarranged.41Results:suggestionsPresenttheresultsasaseriesofsubsections,witheachsubsectionrelevanttoagivenresearchquestion/objective/hypothesis.Presentsufficientandappropriateamountofdata.

Showtheresultswithgraphicsratherthantext.Usegraphics—tables,graphs,orfiguresjudiciouslyandagreewiththetext.42DiscussionsThediscussionsectionisnotalwaysaboutwhatyoufound,butwhatyoudidnotfind,andhowyoudealwiththat.Forthispurpose,youshouldcriticizetheexperiment,andbehonestaboutwhetheryourdesignwasgoodenoughornot.Ifnot,suggestanymodificationsandimprovementsthatcouldbemadetothedesign.43Futurework/Futureresearchslidetoseekcollaborationtobebriefandconcise44ConclusionslideStateyourmostimportantconclusionsclearlyandconcisely.Usesentencesmorepreferablethanphrasesandexpressions.Highlighttheimportantparts.Berelevanttoyourresearchquestions/objectives/hypothesis.45StructureofanAcademicPowerPointSummaryslideSummaryslidecanhelptheaudiencetoreviewwhatyouhavetalkedaboutandconsolidatethoseimportantpoints.Alwaysputthemostimportantinformationonyoursummaryslide.Youmayuseflowchartordiagramtoleavetheaudienceadeeperimpressionaboutyourresearch.46Acknowledgementsslidethecorporationsthenamesorphotosofyourcollaborators47StructureofanAcademicPowerPointAcknowledgementsslide48Acknowledgementsslide49DosandDon’ts50PowerPointispowerfulwhenitisproperlyused.Butthetruthisthatmanyuserstendtoaddcolor,visualeffects,animationsandimagestosuchanextentthatmayconsequentlyruinapresentationbydistractingtheaudiencefromthemessagethattheyaretryingtoconvey.DosandDon’ts51FontandfontsizeSticktofontsthatarecommontoeverycomputer,usuallythecurrentdefaultforMicrosoft’sofficesuite.SongTypefaceCalibriFontandfontsize52AvoidSerifFontssuchasTimesNewRomanorPalatino.Pick

Sans-SerifFontssuchasArialorHelvetica.Serifswiththesmallline“tails”attheedgesoflettersarebettertoreadwhenprinted;Sans-Serifsdonothavethetailsattheedgeoftheletter.GuangsuhArialFontandfontsize53Avoidusingallcapitalletters—evenfortitles.

Chooseonefontforyourtitlesandanotherforyourbodytext.

AllcapitalsALLCAPITALSFontandfontsize54Avoidscripttypefonts—always.Thesefontsarehardtoread.Fontandfontsize55Makethefontsizelargeenoughtobeeasilyreadfromthebackwalloftheroom.Keepmosttextata28or32pointsize,withtitlesbeing36to44point.Keepthefontsizeconsistentintitles,subtitles,texts,etc.Ifyougiveasubtitle36,theothersubtitlesshouldalsobe36;atext28,therest28,soonandsoforth.DosandDon’ts56TemplateandcolorschemeUseyourowntemplatewhichmaysaveyoumuchtime.Pickthosetemplatesthatareavailableinbothstandardandwidescreenformatssothattheycanbewelldemonstratedwithdifferentcomputersandprojectors.Usetemplatewithhighcontrastofcolorscheme.Putpagenumberinthesamelocationoneachslide.DosandDon’ts57Text

Bulletpointscouldhelpyoutostructureyoursupportingdetailsandsimplifyyourlanguage.Text58Clearlylabeleachscreen.Text59Applythe6x6rule.Text60Avoiditalicizedfontsorshadowedtextasthesearedifficulttoreadquickly.Text61Makesureeachbulletpointappearonebyonesothatyoucouldcontrolwhatyouraudienceseesatanygiven.Remembertogivethelinesappropriatespacing.Text62Highlightthoseimportantpartswithboldfaceoranothercolor.Paralleledphrasesaremoreacceptablethansentences.Actually,thereishardlyeveraneedforacompletesentenceinaslidepresentation.Makeslidetransitionsfromonetopicorpointtoanothersothatitattractsattentionandfocusesinterest.Useeitheritalicsorbold,notbothtoshowyouremphasis.Text63Avoidabbreviationsandacronymsifnotnecessary.Capitalizetheinitialletterofthefirstwordineachbulletpoint.Alwayscheckandrecheckyourspelling.AvoidChinesecharactersandChinesepunctuationsinanEnglishpresentation.DosandDon’ts64VisualeffectsStopthemovingtext.Usethe“dimtext”featureforbulletpoints.DosandDon’ts65PunctuationLimitpunctuationmarks.

SwitchtoEnglishpunctuation.Punctuation66Avoidusing“、”and“《》”.Usecommatoindicateapauseinasentenceinstead.Punctuation67Spaceafterthepunctuation(excepttheopeningquotationandparenthesesmarks).Thereisnospacebeforeorafteradashandahyphen.AlbertEinsteinsaid:“Ineverteachmypupils.Ionlyattempttoprovidetheconditionsinwhichtheycanlearn.”Adash—butnotacomma—createsastrongseparationofideaswithinasentence.Stem-cellgraftPunctuation68Nospaceisplacedaftertheclosingquotationmark(alsotheclosingparenthesesmark)iffollowedbyanotherpunctuationmark.Punctuation69Ellipsishasthreeperiodsinsteadofsix.Useacommabetweenthedayandtheyearinthemonth-day-yearpattern.Oct.12,2017.Nocommaisneededinaday-month-yearpattern.6thDecember2017.Punctuation70Avoidtheopeningparenthesesorquotationmarkattheendofalineandtheclosingonesatthebeginningofaline.Punctuation71Usecommaorsemicoloninsteadofperiodattheendofthebulletpoint,asmostofthemarenotsentences.DosandDon’ts72Imagesandvideos/audiosUseimages/pictureswisely.Apicturespeaksathousandwords.It’stime-savingandvivid-looking.Avoidirrelevantpictures,especiallyanimations,nomatterhowattractivetheylook.Imagesandvideos/audios73Chooselargeimagesofhighquality.Don’tpicksmallimagesbecausetheymaybedistortedwhenyouprojectthemonthescreen.Avoidpictureswithwatermarkoranyotherdistractingstains.Videosandaudiosarealsowelcometoassistyourpresentation,especiallywhenyouexplainabstractorcomplexinformation.Butyouneedtohaveagoodcontrolofthetime.Addcaptionsforyouraudios/videos.DosandDon’ts74CitationsAnythingmentioned,ifnotoriginal,shouldbecitedcorrectly.Propercitationhelpstoavoidplagiarismandgivescredittotheoriginalauthor.Citations75Providethereferencesverbally.BasedontheresearchbyJohnSmithin1998,…Provideareferencelistslideattheendofyourpresentationwithcorrespondingin-textcitations.Asfullcitationstakemuchspace,manypresenterschoosetruncatedreferences(justfirstauthor,journal,year).

Liu,J.,etal.Science(1998)Combine(a)and(b).DosandDon’ts76GraphicsFortoonumerousorcomplicateddata,graphicsmaysaveyoualotofwordsandspaceinyourPPT.Additionally,theyserveasquickreferencesforyouraudienceandcanrevealtrends,patterns,orrelationshipsthatmightotherwisebedifficulttograsp.Graphicscanbegenerallydividedintotablesandfigures,thelatterincludeawiderangeofgraphics,includinggraphs,charts,maps,illustrations,andphotographs.Graphics77TablesTablescontainrowsandcolumnsofnumbersandwords,mostlynumbers.Theypermitrapidaccesstoandrelativelyeasycomparisonofinformation.Theyarealsousedtomakeapaperorarticlemorereadablebyremovingnumericorlisteddatafromthetext.Tablesaretypicallyusedtopresentrawdata,thoughnotalways.Tables78ElementsofatableincludetheTitle,theColumnTitles,andtheTableBody.Theymayalsoincludesubheadingsandfootnotes.FootnoteColumntitleTitleTableBodyTables79Centerthetableontheslide.Numberthetablesintheordertheyappear.

Table1,Table2,Table3,…Headthetablewithaclear,descriptivetitleorcaption.Placethetitleabovethebodyofthetableandkeepitleft-aligned.Tables80Labelthecolumns/rows.Columntitlesshouldbebriefanddescriptiveandshouldincludeunitsofanalysis.Setapartfromthetextitself.Textdoesnotflowaroundthetable.Tables81Constructyourtablesothattheelementscouldbereaddown,notacross.Align

theinformationordatainthetable.Tables82AddN/A(Notavailable)totheblankareaofthetableandmarkclearlyinthefootnoteifitis“Notdetermined”or“Notdetectable”.Citethesourceifitisnotoriginallymade.Emphasizethemajorpoints.Graphics83FiguresAfigureliterallymeans“somethingotherthanwords”.Itcantakemanyformslikegraphs,diagrams,photos,drawings,ormaps.Figures84Typicalfeatures:title,thefigureitself,andsomeothernecessaryinformation.Forgraphs,thismayincludelabels,alegendexplainingsymbols,andverticalorhorizontaltickmarks;formaps,ascaleandnortharrow.LabelLegendScaleNorthArrowFigures85Remember:Chartsandgraphsaremostlysynonymous:botharevisualdepictionsofnumbersornumericalrelationships,buttwo-axisgraphssuchaslinegraphsorbargraphsarenevercalledcharts.Diagramisusuallydescribedasaschematic,oravisualrepresentationofastructureorprocess.Youmightaswellcallalloftheabovefigures,ifyouarenotsurehowtonamethem.Here,afewtypesoffiguresarelistedforyoutounderstandtheirfunctionsandhowtousethem.Figures86BargraphandlinegraphThesetwographsareoftenusedtopresentresults.Theyareusedtoshowobviouscomparison.Bargraphsusehorizontalorverticalbarswhilelinegraphsusehorizontalorverticallines.Figures87BargraphsandlinegraphsLabelbothscalestoshowwhatisbeingmeasuredorcompared.Makethelabelsshort,briefandcleartokeepthemeasiertoread.Avoidmorethanfourtypesofbarsinabargraphandfivelinesinalinegraph.Figures88BargraphsandlinegraphsAvoidneedlessvisualdetails,forexample,three-dimensionalenhancementsofbargraphscanbeconfusing.Usedifferentcolorsorshadesforeachbarorline.Maintainclearlegendforthebarsorlines.InsufficientlegendConfusingcomparisonConfusingcolorFigures89PiechartsPiechartsareusedtoshowrelativeproportions,specificallytherelationshipofanumberofpartstothewhole.Makecertainthatthepartsaddup100percent.Usedifferentcolorsorshadestodifferentiateeachsliceclearly.Labeleachslicedirectly,andkeepalllabelshorizontalforeasyreading.Includenolessthantwoandnomorethansixsegments.Combineverysmallsegmentsundertheheading“other”ifmorethan6areincludedinthechart.Figures:generaltips90Makeitsimple.Don’tconveythecomplexityofyourdataingraphicalform.Thefigureistocommunicatethemostimportantthingaboutthedata.Makeitclear.Makesurethatyourdataareportrayedclearlyandthatyouhaveexplainedtheelementsofthegraphclearly.Makeitaccurate.Avoidmakingevenaverysmallerrorbecauseevenasimplegraphicalerrorcanchangethemeaningandinterpretationoft