名詞性從句最詳講解及習題與答案

PAGEPAGE5名詞性從句名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：1.連詞：that（本身無意義。引導單一的賓語從句時that常可省略，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時that通常不被省略）whether,if（均表示“是否”）asif,asthough（

均表示“好像”，“似乎”）◆以上在從句中均不充當任何成分2.連接代詞：what/whatever,who/whoever,whom/whomever,whose/whosever,which/whichever.有詞意，在從句中充當主語，賓語，表語，定語等。3.連接副詞：when/whenever,where/wherever,how/however,why.有詞意，在從句中充當狀語。主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由連詞that，whether，和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當一定的成分。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。常用句型如下：用it作形式主語的結構Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisafactthat…事實是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸Itisnowonderthat難怪…(2)Itis＋形容詞＋從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物動詞＋從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……(4)It＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實…Itissaidthat…據(jù)說…另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…眾所周知的幾種表達方式（1）Itisknowntousthat.（2）Asisknowntous.（3）whatisknowntousisthat.【注意】與強調(diào)句結構的區(qū)分：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其它部分。ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗戶。（強調(diào)句型）賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。I.位置1．作動詞的賓語(1)由that引導的賓語從句(that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如果從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我聽說他參軍了。(2)由what,whether(if)引導的賓語從句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3)動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2.作介詞的賓語Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們的成功取決于我之間的合作。3.作形容詞的賓語Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。注意：that引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語從句。II.it可以作為形式賓語1．動詞make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式主語，而將that賓語從句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。IfeelitapitythatIhaven'tbeentotheget-together.我沒去聚餐，感覺非常遺憾。2.動詞＋it＋when/if從句.常見于appreciate,enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等少數(shù)動詞之后。Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddo

usthatfavour.要是你們能幫我們這個忙，我們將非常感激。5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.9._____hasmadeChina_____itisnow?10.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.11.Acomputercanonlydoyouinstructedittodo.12.Hebecamesoangryhecouldn'tspeak.13.Thereisthecitywevisitedlastyear.14.Thereisnodoubtthepriceofcarswillgodown.15.Noneofushasaclearideatheotherswanttodo.16.Doheorshetellsyoutodo.17.hedidsurprisedus.18.hedidsosurprisedus.19.ThisisallIknow.20.ThisisIknow.21.______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.22.______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

23.______youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.24.Thefact____heisamodelteacheriswell-known.25.Theyexpressedthehope____theywouldcomeovertoChinaagain.二、用if或whether填空1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis_______heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.9.______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.10.Itdependsonshewillcome.11.Ihavenoideahewillbeback.12.Wemuststicktoourpromiseorno.13.Itisvaluable,Ican'tsay.14.Idon’tknowheislyingornot.15.Ididn’tknowtolaughortocry.三．It作形式主語和形式賓語1.Iwouldappreciateit_____youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor'sappointment.（上海卷2003）A.until

B.if

C.when

D.that2.Idon'tthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchwork.(MET1990)A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it3.Wealltook_____forgrantedthathewouldagreewithus.(MET1987)A.it

B.him

C.that

D.what4.______thatyouarenotlateforschoolagain.

A.Seeto

B.Lookto

C.Seetoit

D.Lookitto5.I'veoften______thathehasgreatconcernforhiscomrades.

A.hearditsaid

B.heardsaid

C.heardsaidit

D.hearditsay6.Whydon'tyoubring_____tohisattentionthatyouaretooilltogoonworking?

A.this

B.you

C.him

D.it

7.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it8._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It9._______happened_______heisunfitfortheoffice.A.This;that B.That;that C.It;that D.He;that10._______thatthescientistwillgiveusatalknextmonth?A.Istrue B.Isittrue C.It’strue D.It’struly11._______doesn’tmattermuch_______dressyouaregoingtowear.A.This;that B.That;who C.It;which D.It;who12._______isgoingtoAmericaforfurtherstudy.A.Heissaidthat B.PeoplesaidthatheC.Itwassaidhe D.Itissaidthathe13.Theyaregoodfriends._______isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.A.This B.That C.There D.It四、改正下列句子中的錯誤，每句一處錯。TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861isknowntomanyofus.()Thathesawthereimpressedhimdeeply.()ThisisallwhatIknow.()Couldyoutellmewheredoyoulive?()Theoldministercamebackwithamessagewhichtheclothwasreallymagnificent.()Itisunknownifhewillcome.()AsisknowntoallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.()Anyonebreaksthelawshouldbepunished.()Howwecangetmorereadingmaterialshavebeendiscussedatthemeeting.()Theprofessorwasverysatisfiedwiththathisstudentshaddoneintheexperiment.()Thenewswhichourteamhadwonpleasedeveryone.()Idon'tdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem.()IhavebeenworryingaboutifIhavehurtherfeeling.()Idon'tknowthathewants.()Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomeisbecausehewasill.()Whowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.()IthinkimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.()It'snotcertainthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheld.()Thisisthesuggestionwhichwehaveatripthedayaftertomorrow.()Chinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.()Thequestionisifwecancollectenoughmoney.()Thetroubleisshehaslosthistelephonenumber.()Wedon'tknowthatwhatweshoulddonext.()Thathesaidintheofficemadeeveryonepresentverysurprised.()Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanthatwehave.()Computercanonlydohowweinstructedittodo.()ThefactwhyLilygotthefirstprizeiswellknowntousall.()Ourcityisnolongerasitusedtobe.()Hesaidwhathewaspleasedtomeetallofusagain.()Whathefailedtopasstheexamisveryclear.()Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasbecausehehadbeenill.()Pleasegivethenotetowhomeverisintheclassroom.()Isthathetoldyoureallyfunny?()Pleaseletmeknowthatyouwantmetodo.()Thosephotoswillshowyouwhatdoesourhometownlookslike.()五、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：___youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.______we’llgocampingdependson_____itwillbefinetomorrow._____shecomesornotmakesnodifference.Thequestionis____itisworthdoing.Thereissomedoubt____hewillcome./Thereisnodoubt____hewillcome.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Itissaidthatthefamousfootballstarisnotwillingtoplayfor______wouldpayhimthreemilliondollarsayear.Itisapity_____youdidn’tgotoseethefilm.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____IdisagreeIdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?Itdoesn’tinterestme_____yousucceedornot.Doyouremember____hecame?Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants_____wecan’tgetcomesbetterthan____wehave.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.Itisprettywellunderstood____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.Doyouhaveanyidea___isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?Seetheflagsonthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.Americawas____wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus._____troublesmemostis_____Idon’tknowhowtocalmthesickoldman.Ithinkitis____youareworkingyourselftoomuch.Thereason____Iplantogois____shewillbedisappointed____Idon’t.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Do_____youthinkisright,________theysay.It’sknowntous_______thereispollution,thereisharm.Hemadeapromise________anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.Itwasattheverybeginning___Mr.Foxmadethedecision___weshouldsendmorefirefightershere.Iwouldappreciate___ifyoucallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.32、Itisveryexciting_____wearepassingtheflameinShenzhennow.(傳遞火炬)33、Whatwefeelexcitedis______wearepassingtheflameinShenzhennow.34、Weareexcitedaboutnews_____wearepassingtheflameinShenzhen.35、ThenewsMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.36、Thenewshetoldmeyesterdayistrue.37、ThenewshetoldmeisthatMikewouldgoabroadnextyear38、ThenewsMikewouldgoabroadnextyearistoldbyhim.39、SheexpressedthehopetheywouldcometovisitShanghaiagain.40、ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitShanghaiagain41.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.42.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.43.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.44.____________weneedismoretime.45.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.46._________and_________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.47.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.48.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?49.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?50.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.六、判斷下列各句中哪些句子含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.完成下列句子。Doyoustillremember（你何時何地見到那位著名的歌唱家嗎）？（無論是誰最后離開教室）oughttoturnoffthelight.（明天是否下雪）makenodifferenttome.Thisis（他出生的地方）.Sheexpressedthehope（他將再來中國）.（你不喜歡她）isnoneofmybusiness.Oneofthemheldtheview（書中所說的是對的）.Thequestionis（這本書是否值得看）.Shealwaysdo（老師讓她做的）Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublic（他們在做著一件重要的必不可少的工作）八、語法填空：Itisknowntous1onceTomandAnnwere2affectionate（恩愛的）couple.Buttooursurprise,3brokeuptwoyearsago.4madethempartcompany（分手）was5Tomwas6absorbedinhisbusiness7heoverlooked（忽略）hiswifesometimes.Ifeltitwasapity,8（hope）thattheywouldreconcile（和好）.Soyesterday9Iheardthenews10theylivedtogetheragain,Ifeltveryhappy.1、2、3、4、5、 6、7、8、9、10、 高中英語名詞性從句專項練習參考答案用that或what填空1.What2.That3.that4.what5.what6.what7.that8.What9.what,what10.what,what11.what12.that13.that14.that15.what16.what17.What18.That19.That20.what21.What22.What23.That24.that25.that用if或whether填空1.if/whether2.Whether3.Whether4.Whether5.Whether6.Whether7.Whether8.Whether9.if10.whether11.whether12.whether13.whether14.whether15.whether三．It作形式主語和形式賓語1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.A

6.D7.D8.D9.C10.B11.C12.D13.D四、改正下列句子中的錯誤，每句一處錯?！腡heAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861isknowntomanyofus.(That)Thathesawthereimpressedhimdeeply.(what)ThisisallwhatIknow.(that或去掉all)Couldyoutellmewheredoyoulive?(去掉do)Theoldministercamebackwithamessagewhichtheclothwasreallymagnificent.(that)Itisunknownifhewillcome.(whether)AsisknowntoallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(It)Anyonebreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(whoever)Howwecangetmorereadingmaterialshavebeendiscussedatthemeeting.(has)Theprofessorwasverysatisfiedwiththathisstudentshaddoneintheexperiment.(what)Thenewswhichourteamhadwonpleasedeveryone.(that)Idon'tdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem.(that)IhavebeenworryingaboutifIhavehurtherfeeling.(whether)Idon'tknowthathewants.(what)Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomeisbecausehewasill.(that)Whowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.(whoever)Ithink∧importantthatwelearnEnglishwell.(it)It'snotcertainthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheld.(whether)Thisisthesuggestionwhichwehaveatripthedayaftertomorrow.(that)∧Chinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.(That)Thequestionisifwecancollectenoughmoney.(whether)Thetroubleis∧shehaslosthistelephonenumber.(that)Wedon'tknowthatwhatweshoulddonext.(去掉that)Thathesaidintheofficemadeeveryonepresentverysurprised.(What)Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanthatwehave.(what)Computercanonlydohowweinstructedittodo.(what)ThefactwhyLilygotthefirstprizeiswellknowntousall.(that)Ourcityisnolongerasit