汽車英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件

汽車英語(yǔ)（第四版）AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsContentsUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEngineUnit三LubricationandCoolingSystemUnit四IntroductiontoDriveTrainUnit五AutomotiveIgnitionSystemUnit六IntroductiontoBrakeSystemContentsUnit七SuspensionSystemUnit八AutomotiveSteeringSystemUnit九IntroductiontoInstrumentClusterUnit一零ElectricVehiclesAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsCarsoftodayhavedevelopedintomanydifferentbodystylesbefittingtheirvarieduses.Someofthesestylesarelistedbelow:Three-doorhatchbacksedan,four-doorsedan,five-doorhatchbacksedan,two-doorhardtop,four-doorhardtop,stationwagon,pickup,vanandoff-roadsportcars.Thebeststyleforyoudependsontheusetowhichyou’llputthecar,whereyoulive,theamountofdrivingyoudo,yourfinancialresources,andyourpersonaltastes.Themostmonofthesestyles—thefamilyautomobiles—einmanyformsandareavailableinfourbasicsizes:subpact,pact,intermediate,andfull-size.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsSubpactsCarsofthissizeoftenhavethelowestoriginalcostanddeliverthebestfueleconomy.Subpactsgenerallyprovidethebesthandlingandeasiestmaneuveringandparking.However,duetotheirshorterwheelbase(distancefromcenteroffrontwheeltocenterofrearwheel)andtheirlighterweight,subpactsgiveasomewhatfirmerride,whichsomepeopleprefer.Subpactshavethree,fourorfivedoorsandaredesignedtoseatfourpassengersfortably.Currentsubpacthatchbacksareapproximately三九零零

mmlong.Inaddition,manypeoplefindthemselvescrowdedinsideasubpact,especiallysometimesintheminusculebackseats.Despitetheirimpressivegasmileagefigures,however,subpactoverallmaintenancecostcansometimesrunhigherthantheirlargercounterparts.Thisisduepartlytotheoftencrampedquartersinwhichenginepartsareinstalled.Repairingpartscostmore,too,particularlyfortheimportedcars.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofsubpactcars:Ford:Fiesta(Figure一-一),三,九七零mm;Nissan:Micra(Figure一-二),三,七七九mm;BYD:F零(Figure一-三),三,四六零mm;Chery:QQ(Figure一-四),三,五六四mm.

Figure一-一Ford:FiestaFigure一-二Nissan:MicraFigure一-三Volkswagen:GolFigure一-四Chery:QQAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarspactsThesemodelsarealittlelargerthansubpacts.Theygiveadditionalroominthefrontandrearseatsaswellasaddedcrash-protectionforpassengers.Originalcostissomewhathigherthanthatforthesubpacts.Fueleconomyisparableandmaintenanceaccesseasier.Theirsomewhatroomiernatureandbetterrideoftenmakepactsthechoiceoftheeconomy-mindeddriver.pactsareapproximately四二五零

mmlongincaseofhatchbacksand四

五零零

mminthecaseofsaloonsandestatecars.pactshaveroomforfiveadultsandusuallyhave四-cylinderengine.Thesearethemostpopularvehiclesinourcountry.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofpactcars:Ford:Focus(Figure一-五),四,四八零mm;Toyota:Corolla(Figure一-六),四,五五五mm;FAW-Volkswagen:Sagitar(Figure一-七),四,六四四mm;Volkswagen:Golf七(Figure一-八),四,二五五mm.Figure一-五Ford:FocusFigure一-六Toyota:CorollaFigure一-七Volkswagen:SagitarFigure一-八Volkswagen:BoraAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsIntermediatesAlsocalledmid-sizedcars,intermediatesprovidewhatmanyconsidertobethebesttrade-offbetweeneconomyandfort.Parkingmaneuverabilityandfueleconomyaresuperiortothefull-sizemodels,whilemaintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripfortarebetterthanthoseofthepactsandsubpacts.Intermediateshaveroomforfiveadultsandalargetrunk(boot).Enginesaremorepowerfulthanpactcarsand六-cylinderenginesaremoremonthaninsmallercars.Carsizesvaryfromregiontoregion;inEurope,largefamilycarsarerarelyover四七零零

mmlong,whileinNorthAmericatheymaybewellover四八零零

mm.Examplesofintermediatecars:Toyota:Camery(Figure一-九),四,八二五mm;FAW:Besturn(Figure一-一零)B九零(Figure一-一零),四,八六零mm;Volkswagen:Magotan(Figure一-一一),四,八六五mmandVolvo:S六零(Figure一-一二),四七一五mm.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofintermediatecars:Figure一-九Toyota:CameryFigure一-一零FAW:BesturnB九零Figure一-一一Volkswagen:MagotanFigure一-一二Volvo:S六零AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsFull-sizesAfull-sizeistypicallyafour-doorcar.Thesecarsarethemostpowerful,witheightandtwelve-cylinderengines,so-calledgasguzzlersandhavemorefacilitiesthansmallermodels.Interiorroominessmakesthemthemostfortablecarsforlongtrips.They’restillreadilyavailableinthenewcarmarketplace.Full-sizecarsmaybewellover五零零零

mmlongandaretheroomiestvehicles.Examplesoffull-sizecars:FAW:HongqiH七(Figure一-一三),五,零九五mm;Volkswagen:AudiA八(Figure一-一四),五,二六七mm;BMW七Series(Figure一-一五),五,二二三mm;MercedesBenzS-Class(Figure一-一六),五,二五零mm.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesoffull-sizecars:Figure一-一三FAW:HongqiH七Figure一-一四Volkswagen:AudiA八Figure一-一五BMW七SeriesFigure一-一六MercedesBenzS-ClassAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsNotes一.Thebeststyleforyoudependsontheusetowhichyou’llputthecar,whereyoulive,theamountofdrivingyoudo,yourfinancialresources,andyourpersonaltastes.本句為定語(yǔ)從句,由which引導(dǎo),修飾先行詞theuse。此句譯為:最適合自己地車取決于車地用途,居住地,用車次數(shù),經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力以及個(gè)品位。二.Parkingmaneuveringandfueleconomyaresuperiortothefull-sizemodels,whilemaintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripfortarebetterthanthoseofthepactsandsubpacts.本句為并列句,while為并列連詞;those指代maintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripfort。此句譯為:停車操縱以及燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)要優(yōu)于大型汽車,而維修地便利,車內(nèi)寬敞度與長(zhǎng)途旅行舒適要好于緊湊型汽車與微型汽車。AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsNotes三.Thesecarsarethemostpowerful,with八-or一二-cylinderengines,so-calledgasguzzlersandhavemorefacilitiesthansmallermodels.全句為簡(jiǎn)單句。此句smallermodels指小型汽車。此句譯為:這些汽車裝有八缸與一二缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),動(dòng)力最強(qiáng)勁,俗稱"油老虎",并且配置要比小型汽車更齊全。AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsNewWordsbefit[bi'fit]v.適合,適宜,合式varied['v??rid]a.各種各樣地hatchback['h?t?'b?k]n.有倉(cāng)門式后背地汽車,掀背車,揭背式sedan[si'd?n]n.（美）轎車hardtopn.金屬頂蓋敞篷汽車softtop['s?ftt?p]n.軟頂敞篷汽車pickup['pik?p]n.皮卡,小卡車financial[fai'n?n??l]a.金融地,財(cái)政地subpact['s?b'k?mp?kt]n.超小型汽車pact['k?mp?kt]a.緊湊地,緊密地,簡(jiǎn)潔地pact['k?mp?kt]n.緊湊型汽車intermediate[int?'mi:di?t]a.級(jí)地,間地intermediate[int?'mi:di?t]n.型汽車full-size['ful'saiz]a.全長(zhǎng)地full-size['ful'saiz]n.大型汽車maneuvering[m?'nu:v?ri?]n.操縱AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsNewWordswheelbase['wi:lbeis]n.前后輪之車輪軸距離,軸距minuscule[mi'n?skju:l]a.微小地,小寫字地counterpart['kaunt?pɑ:t]n.相似之物cramped[kr?mpt]a.狹窄地,擁擠地crash-protection[kr??pr?'tek??n]n.防撞擊裝置trade-off[treid?:f]n.權(quán)衡,取舍parable['k?mp?r?bl]a.可比較地,比得上地roominess['ru:minis]n.寬敞,廣闊trunk[tr??k]n.（汽車后部）行李箱boot[bu:t]n.[英]汽車行李箱choice[t??is]a.上等地,精選地choice[t??is]n.選擇guzzler['g?zl?]n.油老虎interior[in'ti?ri?]a.內(nèi)部地readily['redili]ad.迅速地,輕易地AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPhrasesandExpressionsstationwagon小旅行車,旅行轎車originalcost原始成本,原價(jià),原值fueleconomy節(jié)約燃料gasmileage一加侖汽油所行駛地里程maintenancecost維修費(fèi)用,維修成本,保養(yǎng)費(fèi)besuperiorto比……更優(yōu)越,優(yōu)于,勝過(guò)maintenanceaccess維修空間四-cylinderengine四缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Chery奇瑞,奇瑞汽車Toyota豐田,豐田汽車FAW一汽Ford福特,福特公司,福特汽車Nissan尼桑,日產(chǎn)汽車,日產(chǎn)Volkswagen大眾,大眾汽車,大眾汽車公司AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE一EXERCISE一Matchthewordorphrasewiththemaintenancetool.—一——二——三——四——五——六—A.PlumWrenchB.SocketC.CrossWrenchD.SlidingHandleE.Open-endWrenchF.SocketWrenchCAEFBDAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE二TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.一.stationwagon ________________二. 維修空間三.mid-sizedcars _____________四. 一加侖汽油所行駛地里程五.originalcost __________六. 節(jié)約燃料七.afour-doorcar __________八.四缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)小旅行車maintenanceaccess型轎車gasmileage原始成本subpactsubpact節(jié)約燃料四-cylinderengineAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE三Thefollowingaresomeexpressionsforthefamousbrands.MatchthefollowingbrandsinColumnAwiththeirChineseequivalentsinColumnB.AB一.A.Infiniti二.B.Jaguar三.C.KiaEFAAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE三四.D.Lada五.E.Hummer六.F.Hyundai七.G.LamborghiniHBJCAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE三八.H.JMC九.I.Lancia一零.J.JeepDGIAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesNowadayselectricvehicle(EV)isbeingincreasinglypaidattentionforeco-driving.Therearesometypesofelectricvehicleinaccordingtothedegreethatelectricityisusedastheirenergysourceasfollows.HybridElectricVehicles(HEV)HEVispoweredbybothpetrolandelectricity.That’stosay,HEVhastwopowerdrivedevices:oneisinternalbustionengineandtheotheriselectricmotor.Nowadays,HEVhasthreetypesaccordingtothestructure:serieshybridelectricvehicle,parallelhybridelectricvehicleandseries-parallelhybridelectricvehicle.Inserieshybrid,theengineoperatesthegeneratortoproduceelectricenergydeliveredtothebatteryandtheelectricmotorwhichdrivesthewheelsthroughtheinvertor.Theengineneverdrivesthecardirectly,seeFigure一-一七a.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesInparallelhybrid,bothengineandelectricmotorcandrivethewheelstogetherastheloadandspeedrise;andduringcruising,onlytheenginedrivethecarandtheelectricmotorworksasageneratortorechargethebattery,seeFigure一-一七b.Inseries-parallelhybrid,thebenefitsofbothseriesandparallelarebinedtogether.Dependingondrivingconditions,theengineandtheelectricmotorcanworktogetherwhentheloadandspeedincrease.Theelectricmotoralonecandrivethecaratlowloadsandlowspeed,seeFigure一-一七c.Figure一-一七aFigure一-一七bFigure一-一七cAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsSeasonalmaintenanceistimedtobecarriedouttwiceayear,andinvolvedinthiscaseareoperationsassociatedwiththeseasonalchangeover.Seasonalmaintenanceoftencoincideswithlevel二maintenance.Specifiedforseasonalmaintenancearemonlythefollowingoperations:washingthecoolingsystem,changingthelubricantintheenginecrankcaseandintheoilbathsofotherunits(freshoilofagradeappropriatefortheingseasonshouldbeused),checkingthefuelsystemandwashingthefueltank.Thecold-startingaidandthecabheateraretestedforperformanceatthebeginningofoperation.Seefigure一-一八.Therecurrenceofmaintenanceisdecidedbythekilometersloggedbyeverycarundergivenserviceconditions.Figure一-一八PassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsSomeofHEVareequippedwithahigh-capacitybatterypackandcanberechargeddirectlyfromhouseholdelectricityorachargingpileinpublicplacebypluggingintoanelectricoutlet.Wecallitplug-inhybridelectricvehicle(PHEV).Asanall-electricvehicle,PHEVcanrunonbatterypowerwithouttailpipeemissions.Asahybridvehicle,PHEValsocanusetheengineandtheelectricmotortoworktogetherforalongtrip,seeFigure一-一七d.

Figure一-一七dPassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsAlltypesofHEV,includingPHEV,haveamonfeature–theregenerativebrakingfeature.Itisanenergyrecoverymechanismwhichcollectsthewastedenergyduringbrakingandconvertsitintoelectricitydeliveredtothebatteryforlateruse.BatteryElectricVehicle(BEV)Batteryelectricvehicle,knownas"all-electricvehicle",iswhollydrivenbyanelectricmotor,poweredbyabatterythatcanberechargedbypluggingintotheexternaloutlets.BEVdoesnothaveanengine,fueltankorexhaustpipe,seeFigure一-一八.PassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesFigure一-一八AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsAspureelectricvehicle,BEVreliesentirelyonelectricityasfuelanditdoesnotproduceanytailpipeemissions.Atpresent,mostofthesevehiclesonthemarkettypicallyofferarangeofaround一零零miles,thoughmanyoffermore.FuelCellElectricVehicle(FCEV)Thenextofelectriccarisfuelcellelectricvehicle(FCEV).FCEVmainlyuseshydrogenasfuelsourcetodriveacar.Itsmajorponentsincludehydrogentanksthatstorehydrogengas;fuelcellstackthatconvertshydrogenandoxygenintoelectricity;electricmotorthatismainlyusedtodrivesthecar;batterypackthatstoreselectricityfromregenerativebrakingandprovidesadditionalelectricpowertotheelectricmotor;powercontrolunitthatcontrolstheflowofelectricity;fuelcellconvertertheconvertsACtoDC,seeFigure一-一九a.PassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsHowFCEVworks:itmixeshydrogenfromthehydrogentankwithoxygenfromtheairtocreateachemicalreactioninthefuelcellstack,asaresult,producingelectricitydeliveredtotheelectricmotortomovethecar,ontheotherhandalsoproducingwatervaporthatisemittedfromtailpipewithoutemissionpollutants,seeFigure一-一九b.PassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesFigure一-一九aFigure一-一九bAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsNewWordseco-driving['iko'dra?v??]n.環(huán)保駕駛,綠色駕駛hybrid['ha?br?d]a.混合地,雜種地n.混合動(dòng)力汽車device[d?'va?s]n.裝置generator['d?en?re?t?]n.發(fā)電機(jī)invertor[?n'v??t?]n.逆變器recharge[ri?'t?ɑ?d?]vt.再充電cruising['kru?z??]n.巡航high-capacity[ha?[k?'p?s?t]n.高容量plug-in['pl?ɡin]n.插電式tailpipe['te?lpa?p]n.排氣管emission[?'m??n]n.排放AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsNewWordsregenerative[r?'d?enr?t?v]a.再生地external[?k'st??nl]a.外部地outlet['a?tlet]n.電源插座range[re?nd?]n.續(xù)航里程hydrogen['ha?dr?d?n]n.氫氣oxygen['?ks?d?n]n.氧氣AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsPhrasesandExpressionsserieshybridvehicle串聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車parallelhybridvehicle并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車series-parallelhybridvehicle串并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車plug-inhybridelectricvehicle插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車energyrecovery能量回收f(shuō)uelcellstack燃料電池堆AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE四Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalwork.DoyouknowthefollowingEnglishabbreviationsyouofteneacrossinhandlingautomotivematerials?ReadthemandthentranslatethemintocorrespondingChineseterms.一.VTEC VariableValveTimingandLiftElectronicControl ______________二.TDC TopDeadCenter ______________三.RPM RevolutionsPerMinute ______________四.SOHCSingleOverheadCam ______________五.DOHCDoubleOverheadCam ______________六.BDC BottomDeadCenter ______________可變氣門相位與升程電子控制裝置上止點(diǎn)每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)單頂置凸輪雙頂置凸輪下止點(diǎn)AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsThefollowingistheanatomyofanautomobile.Sample

AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsThefollowingistheanatomyofanautomobile.Sample

EnglishTermsExplanationsChinese一.AutomobileRoadvehiclethatismotor-drivenandisusedfortransportingpeople汽車二.TrunkPlaceforstoringbaggage后備箱三.TaillightRearlight尾燈四.SparewheelWheelofacarusedtoreplaceadamagedwheel備用輪胎五.WheelRoundobjectthatturnsaroundacentralaxelandallowsthecartoadvance車輪六.TransmissionAutomobileapparatusthattransmitsmechanicalpowertothewheels變速器AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCars七.MufflerDeviceusedtoreduceenginenoise消聲器八.DriveshaftAxelonwhichmechanicalpoweristransmittedtothewheels傳動(dòng)軸九.BodysidemoldingDecorativemoldingonthesideofacar車身側(cè)部裝飾條一零.DiskbrakeMechanismthatslowsandstopsacarbyfriction,bypressingadiskagainsttheaxelofawheel盤式制動(dòng)器一一.OilfilterDevicethatremovesimpuritiesfromoilpassingthroughit機(jī)油濾清器一二.AlternatorGeneratorthatproducesanalternatingcurrent流電機(jī)一三.RadiatorApparatusthatcoolsthemotor散熱器一四.DistributorCasethatisusedtofirethecylinders分電器AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCars一五.BatteryDevicethatgenerateselectriccurrent蓄電池一六.AirfilterDevicethatremoveimpuritiesfromairpassingthroughit空氣濾清器一七.WindshieldwasherDeviceusedtocleanthewindows擋風(fēng)玻璃清洗器一八.SteeringwheelDeviceusedtohandleacarinconjunctionwithsteeringandgearsystems轉(zhuǎn)向盤一九.WindshieldwiperMovabledevice,madepartlyofrubber,thatwipesthewindshieldandrearwindowofacar風(fēng)擋雨刷器二零.SeatTypeofarmchairinthepassengerpartmentofacar座椅二一.WindowframeBorderaroundawindow窗框二二.RearviewmirrorInsidemirrorusedforlookingbackward后視鏡AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE五WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.diskbrakeradiatorsterringwheelwheeltaillightdriveshafttrunkrearviewmirrorseatengineAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE五WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.一.________________________二.______________________三.________________________四.______________________五.________________________六.______________________七.________________________八.______________________九.________________________一零._______________________radiatordriveshafttaillightseatsterringwheeldiskbrakewheeltrunkrearviewmirrorengineAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE六Thefollowingishowtochangeatire.Afterreading,youarerequiredtochoosethesuitabletermsgivenbelow.A:TakeoutthesparetireandthejackB:LocateaflatsurfaceC:LowerthecarbackD:LoosenthelugnutsE:TightenthelugnutsF:InstallthesparetireG:RemovethenutstherestofthewayandpullthewheeloffAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE六一.B二.D三.A四.G五.F六.C七.EAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsTroubleshootingGuideSample一Symptom:TheclutchslipsDescriptionofproblem:Whenyoustepontheclutchandshift,theenginewillspeedup,butthecardoesn’t.Itseemsliketheclutchisslippingandisnotchanginggearsproperly.Thisproblembeesapparentgraduallyandgetsworseovertime.Thisshouldnotbeignored,ascontinuedslippagewillresultinmoredamagetotheclutchassembly.ProbableCauses:一.Theclutchneedstobeadjusted.二.Theclutchisworn.三.Theclutchiscoveredwithoil.四.Theclutchlinkageisbinding.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsTroubleshootingGuideSample二Symptom:NogearsDescriptionofproblem:Youmovethegearshiftleverintoagearandnothinghappens.Itdoesn’tmatterifitisforwardorreverse.Thecardoesn’tmove.Sometimes,afteryoukeeptrying,thecarwilllurchintoagearandmove,butthatisonlyluck.ProbableCauses:一.Thefluidinthetransmissionistoolow.二.Thegearshiftlinkageisoutofadjustmentordamaged.三.Youhaveaninternalprobleminthetransmission.四.Youhaveaproblemwiththetorqueconverterorflexplate.五.Thereisaproblemwiththeelectricalcontrolsforyourtransmission.六.Yourtransmissionfilterisclogged.七.Theparkingpawlinyourtransmissionisstuck.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsExercise七Thepartistotestyourabilitytochoosethebestanswer.Symptom:SlowengagementofgearsDescriptionofproblem:Wheneveryouplacethetransmissionintogearwhentheengineiswarm,thetransmissiontakesawhiletoengageintoagear.Youdon’tnoticeanyotherproblemwiththetransmission.Sometimesyoucanspeeduptheengagementbypressingonthegaspedal.Thetransmissionmayengagebutwithaclunk.ProbableCauses:一.Thetransmission’sfluidlevelis________(low,high).二.Youhaveaninternalprobleminthe_______________(body,transmission).三.The______________(normalspeed,idlespeed)ofyourengineiswrong.四.Yourtransmissionfilterisclogged.五.Thethrottlelinkageforthetransmissionis__________________(outofadjustment,outofcontrol)ordamaged.hightransmissionidlespeedoutofadjustmentAutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsVisitingtheCarpanySampleDialogue一A:Weletoourcarpany.I’llshowyouaroundandexplaintheoperationsaswegoalong.B:That’llbemosthelpful.A:Thisisourcarpanybuilding.Wehavealltheadministrativedepartmentshere.Downthereisthesalessectionandadvertisingsection.B:Howmuchdoyouspendoncaradvertisingeveryyear?A:About五%ofthegrosssales.Pleasestepthisway.I’dliketoshowyouourshowroom.Almostallofmypany’sproductscanbeseenhere.B:Oh,whatlovelycarsofallkinds.IfIplacedanordernow,howlongwoulditbebeforeIgotdelivery?A:Itwouldlargelydependonthekindoftheorderyouwant.B:OK.Thankyouverymuch.A:Mypleasure.AutomobileEnglishUnit一IntroductiontoCarsVisitingtheCarpanySampleDialogue二A:Itwasverykindofyoutogivemeatourofyourcarpany.B:Howdoyoufeelourcarpany?A:Itgavemeagoodpictureofyourcars.B:Iwouldliketoshowyourpanytoourfriends.A:Happytohearthat.B:What’syourgeneralimpressiononourcars,mayIask?A:Iwasveryimpressed.Ihaveseensomekindsofcars.Niceenough.B:Sure.Theyareourlatestproducts.A:Thankyouverymuch.B:You’rewele.AutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)Theautomobileisdesignedtotravelonroads.Thetypicalautomobilehasjustaninternalbustionenginethatoperatesbyburningitsfuelinsidetheengineandmakestheautomobilemove.Soanengineistheheartofanautomobile.Seefigure二-一.Atypicalautomobileengineconsistsofcylinderblock,cylinderhead,camshaft,valves,sparkplug,pistonandpistonrings,connectingrod,crankshaft,flywheelandoilpan.Seefigure二-二.Figure二-一EngineFigure二-二MainPartsofAnEngineAutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)CylinderBlockCylinderblockorengineblock,asshowninFigure二-三,isasinglemachinedcastingunit.Itcontainsthecylindersandthewatercoolantandlubricantpassages.Soitisaplicatedpartattheheartofanengine.Cylinderblockisusuallymadefromcastironorinmodernengines,aluminiumandmagnesium.Figure二-三EngineBlockAutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)CylinderHeadAcylinderheadisacastinggenerallymadefromironoraluminumthatholdsthevalves,valvespringsandoneortwocamshafts(overheadcamengineonly).Thecylinderheadhasmachinedsurfacestoprovideaprecisionfittomateparts.Inlinefour-andsix-cylinderengineshaveonecylinderhead.V六andV八engineshavetwocylinderheads.Seefigure二-四.Theheadisessentiallyaflatplateofmetalboltedtothetopofthecylinderblockwithagasketinbetween.Figure二-四CylinderHeadAutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)CamshaftThekeypartsofanycamshaftarethelobes.Asthecamshaftspins,thelobesopenandclosetheintakeandexhaustvalvesintimewiththemotionofthepiston.Itturnsoutthatthereisadirectrelationshipbetweentheshapeofthecamlobesandthewaytheengineperformsindifferentspeedranges.Seefigure二-五.Figure二-五CamshaftAutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)ValvesValves(Figure二-六)areusuallymadefromasteelalloy.Exhaustvalvesmustwithstandextremelyhightemperaturesupto八一五degreesCelsiuswithoutdamagingthevalve.Thevalvefacemustseatevenlyagainstthevalveseatinthecylinderheadtopreventleaksfromthecylinderduringthepressionandpowerstrokes.Manyvalvefacesandseatshaveanangleof四五degrees.Figure二-六ValveAutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)Thereareintakevalvesandexhaustvalves.Ontheintakeside,theintakevalveopenswhichletsthefuel-airmixtureintothebustionchamber.Atsomepoint,theintakevalvecloses,theair-fuelmixtureispressedandignitedbythesparkplug.Thentheexhaustgasexitsthecylinderwhentheexhaustvalveopens.Therearealwaysatleastoneintakeandoneexhaustvalve.Somecylinderheadshave二intakeand二exhaustvalves.SparkPlugAsparkplugisanelectricaldevicethatfitsintothecylinderheadofsomeinternalbustionenginesandignitespressedair-fuelmixturebymeansofanelectricspark.Sparkplugshaveaninsulatedcenterelectrodewhichisconnectedbyaheavilyinsulatedwiretoanignitioncoilontheoutside.Thesparkplugforceselectricitytoarcacrossagap.Theelectricitymustbeataveryhighvoltageinordertotravelacrossthegapandcreateagoodspark.Voltageatthesparkplugcanbeanywherefrom四零,零零零to一零零,零零零volts.AutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePassageAEngineConstruction(I)Figure二-七SparkPlugAutomobileEnglishUnit二IntroductiontoAutomobileEngineNotes一.Acylinderheadisacastinggenerallymadefromironoraluminumthatholdsthevalves,valvespringsandoneortwocamshafts(overheadcamengineonly).本句為定語(yǔ)從句,that是引導(dǎo)詞,修先行詞acylinderhead。此句可譯為:缸蓋通常是鐵鑄件或鋁鑄件,用于固定氣門,火花塞與一個(gè)或兩個(gè)凸輪軸（頂置凸輪軸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）。二.Theheadisessentiallyaflatplateofmetalboltedtothetopofthecylinderblockwithagasketinbetween.本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。此句bolted是動(dòng)詞地過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ),修飾metal。此句譯為:基本來(lái)說(shuō),缸蓋是個(gè)金屬板,用螺栓固定在汽缸體地頂部,之間有個(gè)密封墊。三.Asparkplugisanelectricaldevicethatfitsintothecylinderheadofsomeinternalbustionenginesandignitespressedair-fuelmixturebymeansofanelectri