化學專業(yè)英語學習

化學專業(yè)英語詞匯化學化工詞匯有專業(yè)詞匯量大和合成詞匯多的特點。由科學出版社1984年出版的“英漢化學化工詞匯”就收集了相關詞匯12萬余條。掌握一定的化學化工專業(yè)詞匯和構(gòu)詞方法是學好化學專業(yè)英語的基礎。1無機化合物1.1表示原子個數(shù)的前綴NumberofAtomsPrefixNumberofAtomsPrefix1mono6hexa2di7hepta3tri8octa4tetra9nona5penta10decatetra-,mono-后綴中的a,o在后一o之前省去，在不會引起歧義時，這些前綴都盡可能被省去。如：ExamplesNamesExamplesNamesCOcarbonmonoxideCO2carbondixideSO2sulfurdioxideSO3sulfurtrioxideAl(NO3)2aluminumnitrateCaC2calciumcarbideAl2O3aluminiumoxideN2O4dinitrogentetroxide1.2后綴1.2.1二元化合物（含有兩種元素）（1）陽離子部分是固定價態(tài)的金屬元素，陰離子部分為非金屬元素陽離子用元素名表示，陰離子需加后綴-ide。如：fluoride，chloride，bromide，iodide，oxide，sulfide，nitride,phosphide,carbide，hydride。ExamplesMetal(fixedoxidationstate)Nonmetal(-ide)KBrpotassiumbromideCaOcalciumoxideNaIsodiumiodideMg3N2magnesiumnitride（2）陽離子部分是可變價態(tài)的金屬元素，陰離子部分為非金屬元素在Stock/IUPAC命名法中陽離子用元素名表示，并在元素名后的括號中用羅馬數(shù)字注明價態(tài)數(shù)，陰離子需加后綴-ide。ExamplesMetal(variableoxidationstate)Nonmetal(-ide)FeCl2iron(Ⅱ)chlorideFeCl3iron(Ⅲ)chlorideCuClcopper(Ⅰ)chlorideCuCl2copper(Ⅱ)chloride在經(jīng)典命名法中，較低價態(tài)的陽離子加后綴-ous，較高價態(tài)的陽離子加后綴-ic，陰離子加后綴-ide。ExamplesMetal(variableoxidationstate)Nonmetal(-ide)FeCl2ferrous(forloweroxidation)chlorideFeCl3ferric(forhigheroxidation)chlorideCuClcuprous(forloweroxidation)chlorideCuCl2cupric(forhigheroxidation)chloride（3）由兩種非金屬組成的化合物除了水和氨氣使用俗稱water，ammonia以外，其它的非金屬化合物陽離子用元素名表示，陰離子需加后綴-ide。對于鹵族和氧族氫化物，Ｈ在化學式中寫在前面，因此將其看成另一元素的二元化合物，命名與前述類似。ExamplesNonmetalNonmetalCOcarbonmonoxideCO2carbondioxidePCl3phosphorustrichlorideN2O4dinitrogentetraoxideHFhydrogenfluorideHClhydrogenchlorideHBrhydrogenbromideHIhydrogeniodideH2ShydrogensulfideH2SehydrogenselenideH2Tehydrogentelluride對于其它族的非金屬氫化物，Ｈ在化學式中寫在后面，可加后綴-ane，氮族還可加-ine。ExamplesnamesPH3phosphine或phosphaneAsH3arsine或arsaneSbH3stibine或stibaneBiH3bismuthaneCH4methaneSiH4silaneB2H6diborane（4）以-ide結(jié)尾的特殊情況OH-，CN-，NH4+的化合物陰離子部分也以-ide為后綴。ExamplesNonmetalNonmetalNaOHsodiumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydroxideKCNpotassiumcyanideNH4Iammoniumiodide(5)無氧酸（由二元化合物衍生的酸）HCl,HBr,H2S等表示化合物時的命名同（3），表示酸時，H原子用前綴-hydro表示，陰離子以后綴-ic結(jié)尾，并加上詞acid表示酸。命名規(guī)則：hydro-詞根-icacid。如HCl:hydrochloricacid.ExamplesHnonmetalHFhydrofluoricacidHClhydrochloricacidHBrhydroborimicacidHIhydroiodicacidH2Shydrosulfuricacid在無機酸(鹽)中的偏、焦、連等有相應的詞綴偏meta-如meta-arsenicacid偏砷酸HAsO3原（正）ortho-如ortho-tungsticacid原鎢酸焦pyro-如pyro-phosphorate焦磷酸鹽連、次hypo如hypoboricacid連二硼酸；hypohloricacid次氯酸過（高）per如perchloricacid高氯酸重di如dichromate重鉻酸鹽1.2.2三元化合物（含有三種元素）三元化合物陽離子部分是金屬元素或氫，陰離子部分是一個多原子離子。這里只考慮其中有一個元素為氧的三元化合物。（1）含氧酸除H和O之外的元素為非變價元素時，該元素詞干后加后綴-ic，其后加acid表示酸；如為變價元素，正酸加-ic，亞酸加-ous，其后加acid表示酸。相應酸根的表示分別為詞干加后綴-ate和-ite。有時還需加其它前綴per-高，hypo-次，ortho-正，meta-偏，thio-硫代。規(guī)則如下：高某酸per-ic正酸–ic亞酸-ous次酸hypo-ous高某酸根per-ate正酸根–ate亞酸根-ite次酸根hypo-iteexamplesNamesofacidsNamesofacidradicalsH2CO3carbonicacidcarbonateH2SO3sulfurousacidsulfiteH2SO4sulfuricacidsulfateHNO2nitrousacidnitriteHNO3nitricacidnitrateH3PO2hypophosphorousacidhypophosphoriteH3PO3phosphorousacidphosphoriteH3PO4phosphoricacidphosphorateHClO(次)hypochlorousacidhypochloriteHClO2（亞）chlorousacidchloriteHClO3(正)chloricacidchlorateHClO4（高）perchloricacidperchlorate(2)鹽正鹽：除H和O之外的元素為非變價元素時，相應的含氧酸鹽正電荷部分為元素名，負電荷部分以非變價元素的詞干加-ate結(jié)尾。為變價元素時，正電荷部分表示同上，負電荷部分與相應酸根的表示相同，見含氧酸。examplesNamesofsaltsNaCO3sodiumcarbonateFeSO4iron(II)sulfateNa2SO4sodiumsulfateCaSO3calciumsulfiteKNO3potassiumnitrateNaNO2sodiumnitriteLiClOlithiumhypochloriteNaClO2sodiumchloriteNaClO3sodiumchlorateNaClO4sodiumperchlorateKMnO4potassiumpermanganate酸式鹽和復鹽：與正鹽類似，正電荷部分為響應的元素名，負電荷部分同正鹽。原子的個數(shù)用數(shù)字前綴表示。前綴bi-通常用于含有兩個H的含氧酸中一個H被金屬元素取代的化合物。examplesNamesofsaltsorNaHCO3sodiumhydrogencarbonatesodiumbicarbonateKHSO4potassiumhydrogensulfatepotassiumbisulfateCa(HSO3)2calciumhydrogensulfitecalciumbisulfiteNH4HSammoniumhydrogensulfideammoniumbisulfideMgNH4PO4magnesiumammoniumphosphateNaNH4HPO4sodiumammoniumhydrogenphosphateKNaCO3potassuimsodiumcarbonateNaH2PO4sodiumdihydrogenphosphateNa2HPO4disodiumhydrogenphosphate水合鹽：結(jié)晶水讀做water或hydrate.examplesnamesorCuSO4?5H2Ocopper(II)sulfate–5-watercopper(II)sulfatepentahydrateNa2CO3?10H2Osodiumcarbonate-10-watersodiumcarbonatedecahydrateAlCl3?6H2Oaluminumchloride-6-wateraluminumchloridehexahydrateAlK(SO4)2?12H2Oaluminiumpotassiumsulphate-12-wateraluminiumpotassiumsulfatedodecahydrate(3)堿堿中的-OH用hydroxide表示。examplesmetalOH-KOHpotassiumhydroxideNH4OHammoniumhydroxideCa(OH)2calciumhydroxide2有機化合物2.1前綴有機化合物中表示同系物中碳原子個數(shù)1-10的前綴為：meth-1，eth-2，prop-3，but-4，pent-5，hex-6，hept-7，oct8-，non-9，dec-10等。環(huán)狀化合物加前綴cyclo-表示環(huán)。甲烷methane乙炔ethyne丙烯propylene環(huán)庚烷cycloheptane環(huán)庚烯cycloheptene環(huán)己二烯cyclohexadiene環(huán)己烷cyclohexane環(huán)己醇cyclohexanol環(huán)己酮cyclohexanone環(huán)戍烯cyclohexene2.2后綴2.2.1烷烴，烯烴，炔烴Singlebonds(alkane):suffixis"ane",formulaCnH2n+2Doublebonds(alkene):suffixis"ene",formulaCnH2nTriplebonds(alkyne):suffixis"yne",formulaCnH2n-2Theprefixofthenametellsyouhowmanycarbonsinthechain.Thesuffixtellsyouthetypeofhydrocarbon.NumberofCarbonsPrefixAlkaneCnH2n+2AlkeneCnH2nAlkyneCnH2n-21meth-methane--2eth-ethaneetheneethyne3prop-propanepropenepropyne4but-butanebutenebutyne5pent-pentanepentenepentyne6hex-hexanehexenehexyne7hept-heptanehepteneheptyne8oct-octaneoctyleneoctyne9non-nonanenonylenenonyne10dec-decanedecylenedecyne2.2.2alcoholsandethers（系統(tǒng)命名法）alcohols：相應的烷烴去掉最后的字母e，加上醇的后綴-ol.如methanol,ethanol,pentanol，2-propanol，ethanol/ethylalcohol，methanolethers：兩個官能團后加ether。如dimethylether，methylethylether.2.2.3AldehydesandKetonesAldehydes：相應的烷烴去掉最后的字母e，加上醛的后綴-al.如methanal,ethanal,butanalKetones:相應的烷烴去掉最后的字母e，加上酮的后綴-one.如：propanone,butanone,3-pentanone2.2.4OrganicacidsandestersOrganicacids:相應的烷烴去掉最后的字母e，加上-oic,再加上acid.如methanoicacid,ethanoicacidEsters:去掉相應的算的后綴-ic，加上-ate，如methylethanoate.2.2.5其它有機物常見的前綴和后綴acetal-乙酰amino-氨基的anhydride酐anilino-苯胺基aquo-含水的azo-偶氮benzene苯bi-鹽類前表示酸式鹽bis-雙bromo-溴carbonyl羰基chloro-氯代cyclo-環(huán)epoxy-環(huán)氧ethoxy-乙氧基ethyl乙基fluoro-氟代hydroxyl羥基iodo-碘代iso-異，等，同keto-酮ketone酮methoxy-甲氧基methyl甲基nitro-硝基nitroso-亞硝基oxo-酮oxy-氧化phenol苯酚phenyl苯基poly-聚，多sulfa-磺胺sym-對稱thio-硫代trans-反式，超，跨cis-順式trans-反式m-間o-鄰p-對-amide酰胺-amidine脒-amine胺-ase酶-borane硼烷-caboxylicacid羧酸-dine啶-ite亞酸鹽-lactone內(nèi)酯-ous亞酸的，低價金屬-oxide氧化合物-oxime肟-oyl酰2.2.6合成詞化學專業(yè)英語中有大量組合詞，特別是合成產(chǎn)物的名稱幾乎都是合成詞，掌握基本的合成單詞技巧，對提高專業(yè)詞匯十分必要。下面我們列出部分合成詞，并給出中文名稱，通過對照，達到鞏固構(gòu)詞法和訓練基本合成詞的目的。p-Bromoacetophenone對溴苯乙酮3-Butyn-1-ol3-丁炔－1－醇p-Chloro-m-aminobenzoicacid對氯間氨基苯甲酸1-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethycyclohexane1－羥基－2，4－二甲基環(huán)己烷cis-Hexahydro-p-xylene順－六氫對二甲苯2,2?-(2-Ethylhexamido)diethyldi(2-ethylhexoate)2,2?-(2-乙基己酰胺基)二乙基二(2-乙基己酸酯)3-[2,4,6-Tribromophenylazo]-6-9-(2-arsenophenylazo)-4,5-dihydroxynaphythalene-2,7-disulfonicacid3-[（2,4,6-三溴苯）偶氮]-6-[(2-胂酸基)-4,5-二羥基-2,7-奈二磺酸有些化合物有俗名、別名等多個英語單詞，如Melamine(三聚氰胺)，又名：Cyanuramide,cyanurotriamide,cyanurictriamide,2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine等，在翻譯時要結(jié)合全文文意確定。3化學元素表AtomicnumberChinesenameSymbolEnglishnamePhoneticsymbol1氫HHydrogen['haidr?ud??n]2氦HeHelium['hi:lj?m,-li?m]3鋰LiLithium['liθi?m]4鈹BeBeryllium[b?'rilj?m]5硼B(yǎng)Boron['b?:r?n]6碳CCarbon['kɑ:b?n]7氮NNitrogen['naitr?d??n]8氧OOxygen['?ksid??n]9氟FFluorine['flu(:)?ri:n]10氖NeNeon['ni:?n]11鈉NaSodium['s?udj?m]12鎂MgMagnesium[m?ɡ'ni:zj?m]13鋁AlAluminum[?'lju:min?m]14硅SiSilicon['silik?n]15磷PPhosphorus['f?sf?r?s]16硫SSulfur['s?lf?]17氯ClChlorine['kl?:ri:n]18氬ArArgon['ɑ:ɡ?n]19鉀KPotassium[p?'t?sj?m]20鈣CaCalcium['k?lsi?m]21鈧ScScandium['k?ndi?m]22鈦TiTitanium[tai'teinj?m,ti-]23釩VVanadium[v?'neidi?m,-dj?m]24鉻CrChromium['kr?umj?m]25錳MnManganese[?m??ɡ?'ni:z,'m??ɡ?ni:z]26鐵FeIron['ai?n]27鈷CoCobalt[k?'b?:lt,'k?ub?:lt]28鎳NiNickel['nikl]29銅CuCopper['k?p?]30鋅ZnZinc[zi?k]31鎵GaGallium['ɡ?li?m]32鍺GeGermanium[d??:'meini?m]33砷AsArsenic['ɑ:s?nik]34硒SeSelenium[si'li:ni?m,-nj?m]35溴BrBromine['br?umi:n]36氪KrKrypton['kript?n]37銣RbRubidium[ru:'bidi?m]38鍶SrStrontium['str?n∫i?m]39釔YYttrium['itri?m]40鋯ZrZirconium[z?:'k?uni?m]41鈮NbNiobium[nai'?ubi?m]42鉬MoMolybdenum[m?'libdin?m]43礙TcTechnetium[tek'ni:∫i?m]44釕RuRuthenium[ru:'θi:n??m]45銠RhRhodium['r?udi?m,-dj?m]46鈀PdPalladium[p?'leidi?m]47銀AgSilver['silv?]48鎘CdCadmium['k?dmi?m]49銦InIndium['indi?m]50錫SnTin[tin]51銻SbAntimony['?ntim?ni]52碲TeTellurium[te'lj??r??m]53碘IIodine['a??di:n;(ＵＳ)'a??da?n]54氙XeXenon['zen?n]55銫CsCesium['si:zj?m]56鋇BaBarium['bε?ri?m]58鈰CeCerium['si?ri?m]59鐠PrPraseodymium[?preizi?u'dimi?m]60釹NdNeodymium[ni(:)?'dimi?m]61钷PmPromethium[pr?'mi:θi?m]62釤SmSamarium[s?'mε?ri?m]63銪EuEuropium[ju?'r?upi?m]64釓GdGadolinium[?ɡ?d?'lini?m]65鋱TbTerbium['t?:bi?m]66鏑DyDysprosium[dis'pr?usi?m]67鈥HoHolmium['h?lmi?m]68鉺ErErbium['?:bi?m]69銩TmThulium['θju:li?m]70鐿YbYtterbium[i't?:bi?m]71镥LuLutetium[lu:'ti:∫i?m]72鉿HfHafnium['h?fni?m]73鉭TaTantalum['t?nt?l?m]74鎢WTungsten['t??st?n]75鑭LaLanthanum['l?nθ?n?m]75錸ReRhenium['ri:ni?m]76鋨OsOsmium['?zmi?m,-mj?m]77銥IrIridium[i'ridi?m]78鉑PtPlatinum['pl?tin?m]79金AuGold[ɡ?uld]80汞HgMercury['m?:kjuri]81鉈TlThallium['θ?li?m]82鉛PbLead[led]83鉍BiBismuth['bizm?θ]84釙PoPolonium[p?'l?uni?m]85砹AtAstatine['?st?ti:n]86氡RnRadon['reid?n]87鈁FrFrancium['fr?nsi?m]88鐳RaRadium['reidj?m]89錒AcActinium[?k'tini?m]90釷ThThorium['θ?:ri?m]91鏷PProtactinium[?pr?ut?k'tini?m]92鈾UUranium[ju?'reini?m]93镎NpNeptunium[nep'tju:ni?m]94钚PuPlutonium[plu:'t?uni?m]95镅AmAmericium[??m?'risj?m]96鋦CmCurium['kju?ri?m]97锫BkBerkelium['b?:kli?m]98锎CfCalifornium[k?li'f?:ni?m]99锿EsEinsteinium[a?n`sta?n??m]100鐨FmFermium['f?:mi?m]101鍆MdMendelevium[?mend?'li:vi?m]102锘NoNobelium[n?u'beli?m]103鐒LwLawrencium[l?:'rensi?m,lɑ:-]4試劑規(guī)格名稱和常見指示劑優(yōu)級純/保證試劑GRGuaranteedreagent分析純試劑ARAnalyticalreagent化學純試劑CPChemicalpure實驗試劑LRLaboratoryreagent超純試劑UPUltrapure生化試劑BCBiochemical光譜純SPSpectrumpure指示劑IndIndicator層析用FCPForchromatographpurpose工業(yè)用TechTechnicalgrade指示劑Indicator二甲酚橙xylenolorange鄰菲羅啉Phenanthroline熒光黃fluorescein曙紅eosin鉻黑TeriochromeblackT(EBT)鈣指示劑calconcarboxylicacid甲基橙 methylorange甲基紅 methylred甲基黃 methylyellow甲基綠methylgreen甲基紫methylviolet中性紅neutralred甲酚紅cresolred2，4-二硝基苯酚2,4-dinitrophenol剛果紅CongoRed溴甲酚綠 bromocresolgreen溴甲酚紫bromcresolpurple溴百里酚藍 bromothymolblue百里酚藍 thymolblue百里酚酞 thymolphthalein酚紅phenolred酚酞phenolphthalein茜素黃R alizarinyellowR靛藍 indigocarmine5常見設備名稱原子發(fā)射光譜儀AtomicEmissionSpectrometerAES電感偶合等離子體發(fā)射光譜儀InductiveCoupledPlasmaEmissionSpectrometerICP直流等離子體發(fā)射光譜儀DirectCurrentPlasmaEmissionSpectrometerDCP紫外-可見光分光光度計UV-VisibleSpectrophotometerUV-Vis微波等離子體光譜儀MicrowaveInductivePlasmaEmissionSpectrometerMIP原子吸收光譜儀AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopyAAS原子熒光光譜儀AtomicFluorescenceSpectroscopyAFS傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀FT-IRSpectrometerFTIR傅里葉變換拉曼光譜儀FT-RamanSpectrometerFTIR-Raman氣相色譜儀GasChromatographGC高壓/效液相色譜儀HighPressure/PerformanceLiquidChromatographyHPLC離子色譜儀IonChromatographIC凝膠滲透色譜儀GelPermeationChromatographGPC體積排阻色譜SizeExclusionChromatographSECX射線熒光光譜儀X-RayFluorescenceSpectrometerXRFX射線衍射儀X-RayDiffractomerXRD同位素X熒光光譜儀IsotopeX-RayFluorescenceSpectrometerIXRF能譜儀EnergyDisperseSpectroscopyEDS質(zhì)譜儀MassSpectrometerMS核磁共振波譜儀NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectrometerNMR電子順磁共振波譜儀ElectronParamagneticResonanceSpectrometerESR電子能譜儀ElectronEnergyDisperseSpectroscopy極譜儀Polarograph伏安儀Voltammerter自動滴定儀AutomaticTitrator電導儀ConductivityMeter水質(zhì)分析儀WaterTestKits電泳儀ElectrophoresisSystem電子顯微鏡ElectroMicroscopy光學顯微鏡OpticalMicroscopy金相顯微鏡MetallurgicalMicroscopy掃描探針顯微鏡ScanningProbeMicroscopy表面分析儀SurfaceAnalyzer無損檢測儀InstrumentforNondestructiveTesting物性分析PhysicalPropertyAnalysis熱分析儀ThermalAnalyzer粘度計Viscometer6常用玻璃、器皿英文名稱adapter接液管aircondenser空氣冷凝管sampleTextbeaker燒杯buretteclamp滴定管夾burettestand滴定架臺Busherfunnel布氏漏斗Claisendistillinghead減壓蒸餾頭condenser-Allihntype球型冷凝管condenser-westtube直型冷凝管crucibletongs坩堝鉗washingbottle洗瓶washings洗液waterbath水浴weighingbottle稱量瓶platinum-tippedcrucibletongs鉑金包頭坩堝鉗cruciblewithcover帶蓋的坩堝distillinghead蒸餾頭distillingtube蒸餾管centrifugetube離心管rubbertube橡皮管testtube試管colorcomparisontube比色管testtubeholder試管夾Thielemeltingpointtube提勒熔點管pipette吸液管transferpipette（胖肚）移液管desiccator干燥器flask長頸瓶Erlenmeyerflask錐型瓶conicalflask錐型瓶（三角瓶）filterflask(suctionflask)抽濾瓶volumetricflask容量瓶florenceflask平底燒瓶boilingflask長頸燒瓶boilingflask-3-neck三口燒瓶evaporatingdish(porcelain)瓷蒸發(fā)皿filterpaper濾紙ashlessfilterpaper無灰濾紙fractionatingcolumn分餾柱Geiserburette(stopcock)酸氏滴定管graduatedcylinder量筒funnel漏斗Hirschfunnel赫氏漏斗long-stemfunnel長頸漏斗separatoryfunnel分液漏斗Buchnerfunnel布氏漏斗stemlessfunnel無頸漏斗standfilter漏斗架medicinedropper醫(yī)用滴管Mohrburetteforusewithpinchcock堿氏滴定管mortar研缽pestle研杵agatemortar瑪瑙研缽pinchclamp彈簧節(jié)流夾plasticsqueezebottle塑料洗瓶reducingbush大變小轉(zhuǎn)換接頭rubberpipettebulb洗耳球screwclamp螺旋夾tripod三角架watchglass表皿wide-mouthbottle廣口瓶wiregauze鐵絲網(wǎng)rubber-tippedrod帶橡皮頭的攪棒scoop勺7其它absorbance吸光度absorbent吸附劑absorptioncurve吸收曲線absorptionpeak吸收峰absorptivity吸收系數(shù)accidenterror偶然誤差accuracy準確度acid-basetitration酸堿滴定acidiceffectivecoefficient酸效應系數(shù)acidiceffectivecurve酸效應曲線acidityconstant酸度常數(shù)activity活度activitycoefficient活度系數(shù)adsorptionindicator吸附指示劑aging陳化amorphousprecipitate無定形沉淀amphiproticsolvent兩性溶劑amphotericsubstance兩性物質(zhì)apparentformationconstant表觀形成常數(shù)aqueousphase水相argentimetry銀量法ashing灰化atomicspectrum原子光譜auxochromegroup助色團backextraction反萃取bandspectrum帶狀光譜bandwidth帶寬bathochromicshift紅移blank空白blockingofindicator指示劑的封閉bromometry溴量法buffercapacity緩沖容量buffersolution緩沖溶液calibratedcurve校準曲線catalyzedreaction催化反應cerimetry鈰量法chargebalance電荷平衡chelate螯合物chelateextraction螯合物萃取chemicalanalysis化學分析chromatography色譜法chromophoricgroup發(fā)色團coefficientofvariation變異系數(shù)colorreagent顯色劑colortransitionpoint顏色轉(zhuǎn)變點colorimeter比色計colorimetry比色法columnchromatography柱色譜complementarycolor互補色complex絡合物complexation絡合反應complexometrycomplexometrictitration絡合滴定法complexone氨羧絡合劑concentrationconstant濃度常數(shù)conditionalextractionconstant條件萃取常數(shù)conditionalformationcoefficient條件形成常數(shù)conditionalpotential條件電位conditionalsolubilityproduct條件溶度積confidenceinterval置信區(qū)間confidencelevel置信水平conjugateacid-basepair共軛酸堿對constantweight恒量continuousextraction連續(xù)萃取continuousspectrum連續(xù)光譜coprecipitation共沉淀correction校正correlationcoefficient相關系數(shù)crystallineprecipitate晶形沉淀cumulativeconstant累積常數(shù)curdyprecipitate凝乳狀沉淀degreeoffreedom自由度demasking解蔽derivativespectrum導數(shù)光譜desiccant;dryingagent干燥劑determinateerror可測誤差deuteriumlamp氘燈deviationaverage平均偏差dibasicacid二元酸dichromatetitration重鉻酸鉀滴定法dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)differentialspectrophotometry示差光度法differentiatingeffect區(qū)分效應dissociationconstant離解常數(shù)distributioncoefficient分配系數(shù)distributionratio分配比doublebeamspectrophotometer雙光束分光光度計dual-panbalance雙盤天平dual-wavelengthspectrophotometry雙波長分光光度法electrophoresis電泳eluent淋洗劑endpointerror終點誤差exchangecapacity交換容量extentofcrosslinking交聯(lián)度extractionconstant萃取常數(shù)extractionrate萃取率extractionspectrphotometricmethod萃取光度法fluex溶劑formationconstant形成常數(shù)gaschromatography(GC)氣相色譜grating光柵gravimetricfactor重量因素gravimetry重量分析homogeneousprecipitation均相沉淀hypochromicshift紫移ignition灼燒inducedreaction誘導反應inertsolvent惰性溶劑instabilityconstant不穩(wěn)定常數(shù)intrinsicacidity固有酸度intrinsicbasicity固有堿度intrinsicsolubility固有溶解度iodimetry碘滴定法iodine-tungstenlamp碘鎢燈iodometry滴定碘法ionassociationextraction離子締合物萃取ionexchangeresin離子交換樹脂ionicstrength離子強度isoabsorptivepoint等吸收點KarlFishertitration卡爾?費歇爾法Kjeldahldetermination凱氏定氮法Lambert-Beerlaw朗泊-比爾定律levelingeffect拉平效應linespectrum線狀光譜linearregression線性回歸macroanalysis常量分析masking掩蔽maskingindex掩蔽指數(shù)massbalance物料平衡matallochromicindicator金屬指示劑maximumabsorption最大吸收mean,average平均值measuredvalue測量值median中位數(shù)mercurimetry汞量法microanalysis微量分析mixedconstant混合常數(shù)mixedcrystal混晶mobilephase流動相Mohrmethod莫爾法molarabsorptivity摩爾吸收系數(shù)moleratiomethod摩爾比法molecularspectrum分子光譜monoacid一元酸monochromaticcolor單色光monochromator單色器neutralsolvent中性溶劑non-aqueoustitration非水滴定normaldistr