2023北京一六六中高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題及答案

2023北京一六六中高二（上）期末英語第一部分：知識運用共兩節(jié)，25分)第一節(jié)：完型填空(共10題每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ihadofferedwatchmysothatcouldoutafriend.Iwasgettingworkdonemystudywhilesheappearedbehavingagoodtheotherroom.problem,Ifigured.Butthenalittletoo___1___andIshouted,“Whataredoing?”I___2___questionandheardher“Oh,…nothing.”Nothing?Iupfrommydeskandranoutintothelivingroom,whereIsawherrunningacrossthehall.Ifollowedandwatchedherasherlittlebehind(屁股)madeaquick___3___intothebathroom.Ihadher___4___!Itoldherturnaround.Sherefused.IpulledoutbigDaddyvoice,Isaid,“turnaround!”___5___,sheturnedtowardInherhandwaswhatwasleftofnewlipstick,andeverysquareinchofherfacewas___6___brightred!shelookedupatfearfuleyes,Iheardeveryvoicethathadbeenshoutedmeasachild:Howcouldshouldknow…Howtimeshavebeen___7___…WhatabadthingdowasjustamatterofmypickingoutwhicholdwordsIwasgoinguseonhersothatshewouldknowwhatabadgirlshehadbeen.ButbeforeIcouldletloose(發(fā)火),Ilookeddownatthesweateronbigletterssaid,“I’mAPERFECTLITTLEANGEL!”Ilookedbackupintohereyesand,insteadofseeingabadgirlwholisten,Isawalittleangelfullof___8___thatIhaddangerouslyclosedestroying.apicturesothatMummycanseehow___9___look.”ItookthepictureandthankedGodthatI___10___thechanceprovewhataperfectlittlehehadgiven1.longquietcalmstrangerepeatedstep2.asked3.waysettledturnraisedconcernedAngrilyprintedfrightenedpities4.followed5.Slowly6.filled7.forbidden8.tricks9.dirtyscoldedEagerlymarkedbeatenvaluefooledUnfortunatelycoveredtoldsadnessspecial10.havemiss第二節(jié)：語法填空(共10題每小題1分，滿分10分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。第1共頁Probablyoneofthemostbeneficial(innovation)dripirrigation,whichhasmade____12____possibledevelopgreenfarmsthemiddleofthedesert.____13____therehavebeenexperimentsdifferentplacesthepastdripirrigationatheMiddleEasterncountryofIsraelthatdripirrigationhasamodernsuccess.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onewaymoreoutofyourlistening____14____(predict)whatUsingthepictures____15____(provide)andtheknowledgealreadyhave,canguessthekindsofinformationshouldlistentimes,mayevenbeableguessexactlywhat____16____(talk)about.Thishelpfocusbetterwhenlistening,____17____(make)yourlisteningC閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。thoughLeonardobeganhiscareerasaheoftenworkedasanOnereasonwas____18____Italywasatandpeopleneededengineershelpbuildcitydefencesthantheyneededartists.Afterhisdeath,wasdiscovered____19____hehadkeptmanynotebooksdescribingandillustratinghishisinventions,andhisscientificresearch.Noneofthemwerepublisheduntilthelate19thUntilthen,fewpeoplehadhadanyidea____20____theycontained.第二部分：閱讀理解(共三節(jié)，43分)第一節(jié)共題;每小題2分，滿分22分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、B、、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADuringhisschool's“CollegeColoursDay”,afourth-gradeboyFlorida,whodreamsbecomeastudentoftheUniversityofwantedwearashirtofthebuthedidn'thaveone.Laurasuggestedthatheshouldwearanorangeshirtshowhisspirit.Whenthedayfinallyarrived,theboywassoexcitedshowhisshirt-anoneapieceofpaperattachedonwhichwashishomemadedesignofthelogo.Butbylunchtime,thespiritedfanwastears.Somegirlsbullied(霸凌)himandmadefunofhisdesignthathehadpinnedhisshirt.BackSnyderroom,heputhisheadondeskandwasdevastated.hopesofraisingthespirits,SnyderplannedonbuyinghimanofficialUniversityofandaskedfriendsonlinetheyhadcontactstheuniversitywhocould“makealittleextraspecialforhim.”ThepostimmediatelywentviralandSnyderwascontactedbytheUniversityofinformingherthattheywantedsendtheboyacarepackageofswagandapparel(服裝)supportofhim.Thedidn'tendhere.TheUniversityofsaidwasturninghisdesignintoanofficialandhadpre-soldmorethan50,000shirtsonline.Theuniversitywon'tprofitfromtheshirts:It第2共頁donatingthemoneyacharitydedicated(致力于)gettingridofbullyingofallforms.Itoldhimthathisdesignwasbeingintoarealshirtandpeoplewantedwearhisjawdropped,"said“Hehadabigsmileonhisface,andIcouldtellhisconfidencegrew!”recognitionofthefourth-grader'sspirit,theuniversityhasalsoextendedanofhonoraryadmissionforhimjointheClassof2032.Inaddition,hehasbeenawardedascholarshiphedecidesattend2028andadmissionrequirements.21.Howdidtheboyreacthisschool's“CollegeColoursDay”?preparedforacreativedesign.dreamedofwinningaonthewasafraidofbeinglaughedatonthewasshyofjoiningwithoutauniversityshirt.22.Howdidtheboyprobablyfeelafterlunchonthe“CollegeColourDay”?Excitedandthankful.ConfidentandNervousandworried.Shockedandsad.23.WhatSnyderdidfortheboyshowsthat_________.astrongvitalsuccessapromiseone'stheyouthshouldbetreatedequallycaringcanabigdifferenceBbeplasticbagsarerightlythoughtofasathreatthat'sharmfulhumanhealth.AccordingtheNationalResourcesDefenseCouncil,overadecadeago,theAmericanfamilytookhomealmost1,500plasticshoppingbagsafillingourcabinets,kitchendrawers,andlandfills(垃圾填埋場).thenumbersareslightlybetter:AccordingNationalGeographic,asof2018,shopperstheUnitedStatesusealmostoneplasticbagperresidentperThisnotastoryontheofplastics,butonwhetherthereusablebagcanjustifyexistence.Althoughenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalsingle-useplasticbags,reusablebags,dependingonwhattheyareof,aremoreenergy-intensive(耗能)recycle.AccordingareportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram,“dependingonwhattheyaremadeof,reusablebagshavebedeconstructedacostlyrecyclingprocessseparatethedifferentmaterials.aresult,cases,reusablearenotrecycled."Thatmeansdespitethebestintentions,millionsofreusablebagsdesignedreplacetheneedfortraditionalplasticshoppingbags,alsoenduplandfills.AnotherpointnotallreusablebagsareequaltermsoftheirThereareawiderange第3共頁ofreusablebagoptionsonthemarket,andreusablebagstendbemadeofmorethanonematerialthebagaddedreinforcement(耐用)andaddedstreetfashion.acyclebasis,heavierbags-nomatterwhatmaterialtheyaremadeof-willhaveamoresevereenvironmentalbecauseheavierbagsusemoreresourcesproduceaswellasdistribute.Justlikeplasticbagsdid,reusablebagsmultiplyUsedforpromotional(促銷的)purposesandmarketingofallkinds,reusablebags'growingpopularitymeansthathavebeenusedlittle(ornotatall)canbefoundpiledstreets,garbagecanscityparks,andbasicallyeverywhere.Therefore,consumershaveseethemasdisposable,defeatingtheirpurpose.theend,thebestpracticeforreusablehavenohalfmeasures:Eitherusethemalltheorusethematall.Usingareusablebagonceortwice,andthenthrowingdoesn'tdotheenvironmentanyfavors.24.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?Plasticbagsarerefusedbyenvironmentalists.ShopsAmericahavelimitedtheuseofplasticbags.TheneedofstrongandfashionablereusablebagsthantheReusablebagsdemandmoreresourcesproduceandrecyclethanexpected.25.Thewords“verypurpose"Paragraph6refertheintentionof__________.beingleftlandfillsbeingusedasaspossiblereplacingplasticbagspromotinggoodsonthemarket26.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?HowRecycleReusableDisadvantagesofPlasticReusableThinkPlasticLessPopular?27.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasthepassage?IntroductionCP:CentralPointPointSp:Sub-point(次要點)Conclusion第4共頁CknowthathavebeeninvolvedtheresearchstudytheUnitedStatesbutneveragreedjoinbecausesince1996you—andbasicallyeveryoneknow—havebeeneatinggeneticallymodified(GM,轉(zhuǎn)基因)foods.foodsaremadebyforcingapieceoffromatotallyspeciesintotheofaplantoranimal.Thismethodcreatesawholenewspeciesofplantthatwouldhaveneverexistednature.Mostsoybeans,cornandcottonaregeneticallymodified.Productssuchasoilandsugararecreatedfromthesecropsandaddedprocessedfoods.Thisexplainswhynearly80percentofprocessedandmostfastfoodscontaingeneticallymodified(GMOs).Thequestionis,aresafeforusandtheenvironment?theanswersarenotTherearenolong-termstudiesshowingthatGMOsaresafeforhumansandtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)doesnotdoownsafetytestingofGMOS.Instead,thebiotechcompaniesthataretryingmoneydotheirownsafetytesting,whichtheonlyreviews.thereareanimalstudiesnegativefindings,includingbodypartsandimmunechanges.Itclearneedmoreresearchthisarea.Theenvironmentanotherproblem.Whataretheresultswhenageneticallymodifiedplantcrossbreedsotherplants?reallywantthefaceofplantunknownresultsforthebenefitofafewcompanies?Thebottomlinethathaveaproductourfoodsupplyunknownhealthandenvironmentalproblems.theleast,shouldhavethesefoodslabeled(貼標簽).tryasmight,cannotthathappentheEventhough9outof10peoplewantthemlabeled,thebiotechcompaniesandfoodproducersdonot.Iftheirproductsarebeneficialandsafe,whynotlabelWhynotbeproudofyourproducts?60countriessuchasChinalabelandcountriesbanWhycan’thavetransparencyourfoodsupply?Initiative522,abillsuggestinglabelingproductsGMOs,helpusthetransparencydesire.ButcompaniessuchasMonsanto,DupontPioneerpaymillionscreatemisleadingandincorrectadsinsistingthatlabelingcosthurtfarmers,andnecessarybecauseGMOsaresafe.ThebiggestfearofthesecompaniesthatonceGMOsarelabeled,wanteatthemanymore.Iknowaboutyou,butIthinkInitiative522passesandgeneticallymodifiedfoodsarelabeled,thefaceofAmericanagriculture28.WhatdoknowaboutfoodsfromPara.1and2?Theyarethesourceoffastfoods.Theyareconsumedbyalmosteveryonetheworld.第5共頁TheyfromthelongestresearchstudytheTheyareproducedbychangingtheofaplantoranimal.29.WhattheattitudetowardsthesafetyofGMOs?Doubtful.30.InPara.5,theunderlinedwords“havetransparencyin”probablymean______.buildupdependoncutObjectivePositiveUninterestedknowabout31.Whydoestheauthorthispassage?callforresearchonfoods.persuadecompanieslabelfoods.supportforInitiative522.demanddevelopafoodtestingsystem.第二節(jié)共5題每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IsEmotionalEating?Emotionaleatingwhenpeopleusefoodasawaydealfeelingsinsteadofsatisfying____32____everfinishedawholebagofchipsoutofboredomordownedcookieaftercookiewhilepreparingforabigtest?Butwhendonealot—especiallywithoutrealizingit—emotionaleatingcanweight,health,andoverallwell-being.Notofustheconnectionbetweeneatingandourfeelings.____33____Oneofthebiggestmythsaboutemotionaleatingthatcausedbynegativefeelings.peopleoftenturnfoodwhenthey’restressedout,sad,anxious,orbored.Butemotionaleatingcanbelinkedpositivefeelingstoo,liketheromanceofsharingdessertonDayorthecelebrationofaholidayfeast.Sometimesemotionaleatingtiedmajorevents,likeadeathoradivorce.____34____Emotionaleatingpatternscanbelearned:Achildwhogivencandyafterabigachievementupusingcandyasarewardforajobwelldone.____35____noteasy“unlearn”patternsofemotionaleating.Butpossible.Andstartsanawarenessofgoingon.allemotionaleatersadegree.Butforpeopleemotionaleatingcanbearealproblem,causingseriousweightorotherproblems.Thetroubleemotionaleatingthatoncethepleasureofeatinggone,thefeelingsthatcauseremain.Andoftenfeelworseabouteatingtheamountoroffoodlike.____36____reachforasnack,waitandthinkaboutwhichofhungerdrivingBelieveornot,we’veallbeenthere.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoeatfoodlikepizzabecomehappyafterwards.Understandingwhatdrivesemotionaleatingcanhelppeoplestepsseempreferhot,homemadecomfortwhilegirlsforchocolateandicecream.whyhelpsknowthebetweenphysicalhungerandemotionaloften,though,thecountlesslittledailystressesthatcausesomeoneseekcomfortfood.Ifacryingboycookies,helinkcookiescomfort.第6共頁第三節(jié)共4小題第1、2小題各2分，第3小題3分，第4小題4分，共分)閱讀下面短文和問題，在答題卡相應(yīng)題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。Whydopullyourselfoutofbedeverymorningworkorschool?Whatdoesfeellikeyourcontributionthoseplacestrulyworthwhile?Knowingwhatmotivatescanhelpfindmeaningyourworkandreachyourgoals.Psychologistshaveawidevarietyofofdescribinganddifferentiatingmotivationsbecausepeoplecareaboutsodifferentthings.PsychologistDavidMcClellandidentifiedthreemotivationsforpeople:achievement(thefeelingofsuccess),(closerelationships)andpower(theabilityinfluencetheworld).AuthorsAdrianGostickandChesterEltonidentified23motivations,includingchallengeandlearning.Somemotivations,suchassocialpositionandpraise,areexternal;thesearethetoolsbossestypicallyuseencouragetheiremployeesdoOthermotivations,includingfun,personalgrowthandfeelinglikeworksignificant,fromwithinthepersondoingtheaction.Theseideals,calledinternalmotivations,tendbemorereliablethanexternalonesbecausetheyrepresentthingsthatcanneverbetakenSinceawidevarietyofmotivationsexist,importantunderstandwhichonesarepersuasiveyou.motivateyourselfawaythatappealdifficultconvinceyourselfWhenchoosingathinkaboutwhatmotivatesanddecisionsIfaremotivatedbyovercomingchallenges,lookforacareerwherecancontinuallytryhardreachahigherlevel.Peoplemotivatedbyexternalrewardssometimesstrugglemeetgoalstheysetforthemselvesthatnooneelseknowsabout.Theycanthisproblembycreatingexternalrewardsfortheirpersonalgoalssuchasfindingafriendholdthemaccountable.Whenknowwhatmotivatesyou,beablemotivateyourselfdothethingsnecessarysucceed.Andareaknowingwhatmotivatesyourteamenablehelpthemdothe37.Whyimportantforpeoplebeclearoftheirmotivations?38.HowcanthemotivationsbeclassifiedaccordingMcClelland?39.Pleasedecidewhichpartfalsethefollowingstatement,thenunderlineandexplainSinceexternalmotivationsinvolvesocialpositionandpraise,whichareoftenusedastoolsbybosses,aremoredependableinternalones.40.Pleasebrieflypresentwhatmotivatesyourandhowworks.(about40words)第三部分：選詞填空(共12題;每小題1分，滿分12分)選詞填空boost,grasp,suspect,defend,motivate,expose,deny41.Ibelievethepublicationofthisbooknextmonth______hisconfidence.42.______thatwashisfaultandapologize.43.thatmoment,Ibegan______whethertellherthetruth.44.must______theopportunitywhenthereone.45.Keepindoorsand______yourskinthesun.46.courage______civilrightsinspiredpeople.第7共頁選詞填空essential,initial,solid,complex,severe,efficient,intense47.Concentration______wantdoagoodjob.48.workso______thatIevenhavenoarest.49.Computersare______atcollectinginformation.50.shouldpresent______evidenceproveyourpoint.51.______reactionwasrejectthebutonsecondthoughts,Iaccepted52.Ittookalotofworkoutthe______structureofthehumanbrain.第四部分：翻譯句子(共5小題，每題2分，共10分)53.那人承認目擊了事故。(witness)Themanadmitted_____________________.54.他接受教育的學(xué)院叫做德勒斯頓藝術(shù)學(xué)院。(educate)Thecollege_____________________iscalledtheDresdenArt55.人們相信參加志愿活動非常有意義。(participatein)It_____________________volunteeractivitiesmeaningful.56.今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎頒發(fā)給了屠呦呦，她的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。(research，leadto)ThisNobelforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawarded_____________________thediscoveryofartemisinin.57.他不僅勇敢，還很執(zhí)著。最重要的，最讓我印象深刻的是他愿意承認錯誤。(impress)wasnotonlybrave,butalsodetermined.Aboveall,_____________________wasthathewaswillinghisfaults.第五部分：作文(共10分)58.likeparticipateanexchangeprogramschool?Whyorwhynot?”請寫信表明你的觀點并陳述原因。注意：1.100左右；開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Dear________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerelyyours,Hua第8共頁參考答案第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，25分)第一節(jié)：完型填空共10題每小題1.5分，滿分15分)【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D7.D8.B9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，作者在家里照顧女兒，女兒在另外一個房間里玩妻子剛剛買的口紅，被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后作者原本想像自己的父母親責(zé)備自己那樣責(zé)備她，但是看見毛衣上寫著的“I’MAPERFECTLITTLEANGEL”，他改變了主意，給女兒拍了照片。1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是然后就太安靜了，我就喊起來。long長的；quiet安靜的；calm鎮(zhèn)定的；strange奇怪的。根據(jù)下文“answer”可知，作者女兒很安靜。故選B。2題詳解】askedsettled解決；raised提高；repeated重復(fù)，反復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“answer”可知，作者女兒沒有回答，所以作者重復(fù)了一下問題。故選D。3題詳解】wayturn改變；step一步。根據(jù)下文“intothebathroom”可知，她轉(zhuǎn)身進了廁所。故選。4題詳解】followed跟隨；scolded責(zé)罵；concerned使擔(dān)憂；fooledItoldherturnaround.Sherefused現(xiàn)，所以不敢轉(zhuǎn)身。故選。5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：慢慢地，她朝我轉(zhuǎn)了過來。Slowly慢慢地；Eagerly急切地；Angrily生UnfortunatelysheturnedtowardmeA。6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她手里拿著我妻子新的口紅，臉上的每一寸都被紅彤彤的紅色覆蓋著！filled充滿；markedprintedcoveredeverysquareinchofherface”和下文“brightred”可知，作者女兒臉上的每一寸都被紅彤彤的紅色覆蓋著。故選D。7題詳解】forbidden禁止；beatenfrightened害怕；told告訴。根據(jù)上文“Iheardeveryvoicethathadbeenshoutedasachild”可知，此處是大人訓(xùn)斥小孩時常說的話“跟你說過多少次了”，空格處意為“告訴”。故選D。第9共頁8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我抬頭看著她的眼睛，看到的不是一個不聽話的壞女孩，而是一個充滿了我差點就要毀掉的有重要價值的東西的小天使。tricksvalue貴重的東西；pities遺憾；sadness悲傷。根據(jù)上文“insteadofseeingabadgirlwholisten”可知，作者看到的不是一個不聽話的壞女孩，而是一個充滿了作者差點就要毀掉的有重要價值的東西的小天使。故選。9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：甜心，我們拍一張照片吧，讓媽媽看看你是看起來多么特別。dirty臟的；specialaperfectlittleangel媽看看你是看起來多么特別”。故選C。10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我拍好了照片，感謝上帝我沒有錯過證明他給了我們一個多么完美的天使的機會。have擁有；miss錯過；得到；拿走。根據(jù)上文“Itookthepicture”可知，作者拍了照片，所以是沒有錯過證明上帝給了作者一個多么完美的天使的機會。故選。第二節(jié)：語法填空(共10題每小題1分，滿分10分)【答案】innovations12.13.While##Although##Though【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了滴灌技術(shù)，它使在沙漠中部開發(fā)大型綠色農(nóng)場成為可能。題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：滴灌可能是最有益的創(chuàng)新之一，它使在沙漠中部開發(fā)大型綠色農(nóng)場成為可能。oneof后跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是復(fù)數(shù)innovations。故填innovations。12題詳解】考查代詞。句意：滴灌可能是最有益的創(chuàng)新之一，它使在沙漠中部開發(fā)大型綠色農(nóng)場成為可能。possibledosth.是固定短語，意為“使做某事成為可能”，其中是形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式。故填it。13題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：雖然過去在不同的地方進行過試驗使滴灌成為現(xiàn)實，但在中東國家以色列，滴灌在therehavebeenexperimentsdifferentplacesthepastdripirrigationatheMiddleEasterncountryofIsraelthatdripirrigationhasamodernsuccess”可知，句子表示“雖然過去在不同的地方進行過試驗使滴灌成為現(xiàn)實，但在中東國家以色列，滴灌在現(xiàn)代取得了成功”，while/although/thoughWhile/Although/Though。【答案】14.vided16.betalked17.making第頁共頁【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了提高聽力的方法——預(yù)測你將聽到的。14題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從聽中獲得更多的方法之一是預(yù)測你將聽到什么。分析可知，空處作表語，對主語進行具體說明，應(yīng)用不定式。故填predict。15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：利用提供的圖片和你已經(jīng)掌握的知識，你可以猜出你應(yīng)該聽的信息種類?？仗幾骱笾枚ㄕZ修飾名詞pictures，且和pictures是邏輯被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填provided。16題詳解】guesswhat和talkaboutbetalked。17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這將使你在聽的時候更好地集中注意力，讓你的聽力更有效?？仗帒?yīng)填非謂語動詞作狀語，此處為自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填making?！敬鸢浮?8.that19.that20.what【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹人們發(fā)現(xiàn)達芬奇的筆記記錄著很多與工程、發(fā)明相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。18題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：一個原因是意大利處于戰(zhàn)爭中，人們需要工程師來幫助建造城市防御，而不是藝術(shù)家。空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句成分和意義都完整，應(yīng)用只起連接作用、無實意的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。19題詳解】考查主語從句。句意：在他死后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他保留了許多筆記本，描述和說明他的工作，他的發(fā)明和他的實意的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。20題詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：在那之前，很少有人知道筆記的內(nèi)容?？仗幰龑?dǎo)同位語從句對名詞idea進行解釋說明，從句缺少賓語，且指代事物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。第二部分：閱讀理解(共三節(jié)，43分)第一節(jié)共題;每小題2分，滿分22分)【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個男孩在“大學(xué)顏色日”這一天精心設(shè)計的襯衫受到了嘲笑，反而在Snyder關(guān)心和大學(xué)校方的幫助下，使這件精心設(shè)計的襯衫被制成一件真正的襯衫，這使得這個男孩第共頁感到了關(guān)愛，建立了自信，同時這所大學(xué)答應(yīng)如果這個男孩考取了這所大學(xué)，將給與獎學(xué)金。21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Whenthedayfinallyarrived,theboywassoexcitedshowhisshirt-anoneapieceofpaperattachedonwhichwashishomemadedesignofthelogo.(當(dāng)這一天終于到來的時候，男孩非常興奮地展示了他的襯衫——一件橙色的襯衫，上面貼著一張紙，上面是他自己設(shè)標志。)”可知，對于他的學(xué)校的“大學(xué)顏色日”，這個男孩準備了一件很有創(chuàng)意的襯衫。故選A22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Butbylunchtime,thespiritedfanwastears.Somegirlsbulliedhimandfunofhisdesignthathehadpinnedhisshirt.BackSnyderroom,heputhisheadondeskandwasdevastated.(但是到了午餐時間，這個精神飽滿的粉絲已經(jīng)哭了。一些女孩欺負他，取笑他在襯衫上的設(shè)計。回到斯奈德的房間，他把頭靠在桌子上哭了起來，悲痛欲絕。)”可知，午餐過后，這個男孩受到了欺負和嘲笑，這個男孩很受驚，感到很傷心。故選C23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容：“WhenItoldhimthathisdesignwasbeingintoarealshirtandpeoplewantedwearhisjawdropped,"said“Hehadabigsmileonhisface,andIcouldtellhisconfidencegrew!”(!”)Snyder為這個男孩所做的一切表明，關(guān)愛可以帶來很大的改變。故選D【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了可重復(fù)使用的袋子雖然受到了普及歡迎，但由于使用不當(dāng)和錯誤地將其隨意丟棄而沒有重復(fù)使用，導(dǎo)致其命運和塑料袋無異，反而在生產(chǎn)和回收方面會更耗能，作者總結(jié)在使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子時，要三思其目的可重復(fù)使用才能環(huán)保。24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾句內(nèi)容“Althoughenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalsingle-useplasticbags,reusabledependingonwhattheyareof,areenergy-intensiverecycle.(雖然環(huán)保)”以及文章第三段內(nèi)容：AccordingareportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram,“dependingonwhattheyareof,reusablebagshavebedeconstructedacostlyrecyclingprocessseparatethedifferentmaterials.aresult,manycases,reusablebagsarenotrecycled."(根據(jù)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram)以分離不同的材料，這取決于它們是由什么材料制成的?！币虼?，在許多情況下，可重復(fù)使用的袋子是不能回收的?！?可知，可重復(fù)使用的袋子在生產(chǎn)方面成分復(fù)雜，在回收起來之后要要花費更高的代價分解。因此選項D“Reusablebagsdemandresourcesproduceandrecyclethanexpected.(可重復(fù)使用的袋子需要比預(yù)期更多的資源來生產(chǎn)和回收。)”屬于合理推理。故選D第頁共頁25題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容“Justlikeplasticbagsdid,reusablebagsmultiplyUsedforpromotionalpurposesandmarketingofallkinds,reusablebags'growingpopularitymeansbagsthathavebeenusedlittle(ornotatall)canbefoundpiledstreets,garbagecanscityparks,andbasicallyeverywhere.(就像塑料袋一樣，可重復(fù)使用的袋子迅速繁殖。用于各種促銷和市場推廣的可重復(fù)使用的袋子越來越受歡迎，這意味著很少使用（或根本不用）的袋子可以在街道上、城市公園的垃圾桶中找到，而且基本上隨處可見?？芍?，可重復(fù)的袋子與塑料袋有著相同的命運—隨處丟棄，從而使人們忘記了它們存在的目的—可重復(fù)使用。因此，句中“purpose”應(yīng)是指“盡可能多地使用”。故選B26題詳解】主旨大意題。文章末尾段落再次點明主旨“Intheend,thebestpracticeforreusablebagshavenohalfmeasures:Eitherusethemalltheordon'tusethematall.Usingareusablebagonceortwice,andthenthrowingdoesn'tdotheenvironmentanyfavors.(要么一直使用，要么根本不使用。一次或兩次使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子，然后把它扔掉，對環(huán)境沒有任何好處。)”可知，作者想要表達的是在使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子，需要多加考慮，想清楚。選項ReusableThink環(huán)保袋嗎?三思而后行貼合主旨，可作最佳標題。故選C27題詳解】推理判斷題。文章總體結(jié)構(gòu)為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段提出現(xiàn)象：塑料購物袋的使用減少；第二段為中心點：whetherthereusablebagcanjustifyexistence(可重復(fù)使用的袋子是否可以證明它的存在？并提出了第一個要點：雖然環(huán)保袋比傳統(tǒng)的單次使用的塑膠袋更環(huán)保，但可再用的塑膠袋，視乎它們的成分而定，在循環(huán))以分離不同的材料。因此，在很多情況下，可重復(fù)使用的塑料袋是不可回收的可重復(fù)使用的塑料袋是不可回收的。第四段提出第二個次要點Anotherpointnotallreusablebagsareequaloftheirrecyclability()第五段是第二個要點：第五段提出由于人們到處亂扔可重復(fù)使用的袋子，導(dǎo)致人們忘記了它們的最初目的：可重復(fù)使用。第六段得出結(jié)論：Intheend,thebestpracticeforreusablebagshavenohalfmeasures:Eitherusethemalltheorusethematall.(根本不使用。因此可知，選項A合理概括文章結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A【點睛】歸納標題題技巧標題的特點：短小精悍，一般多為一個短語；涵蓋性強，一般能覆蓋全文意思；精確性強，表達范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。在做題時，可以根據(jù)此特點進行選擇判斷。比如文章第3小題：3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthepassage?AHowRecycleReusable．DisadvantagesofPlastic．ReusableThinkDPlasticLessPopular?HowRecycleReusableBags(如何回收環(huán)保袋)只在文章某一段提及如何回收環(huán)第頁共頁DisadvantagesofPlasticBags(塑料袋的缺點)PlasticLessPopular?(?)ReusableThink既包含核心詞ReusableBagsThink高度概括了文章中對于可重復(fù)使用購物袋的議論。因此答C【答案】28.D29.A30.D31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講轉(zhuǎn)基因食品可能對健康和環(huán)境所造成的影響來支持華盛頓的522法案，給轉(zhuǎn)基因商品貼上標簽，讓大家了解商品的特點。28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“foodsarebyforcingapieceoffromatotallydifferentspeciesintotheofaplantoranimal.Thismethodcreatesawholenewspeciesofplantthatwouldhaveneverexistednature.(轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是通過將一個完全不同物種的片段植入到植物或動物的中來制造的。這種方)DNA產(chǎn)生的。故選D。29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thequestionis,areGMOssafeforusandtheenvironment?theanswersarenot)物的安全性持懷疑態(tài)度，故選A。30題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段的“Eventhough9outof10peoplewantthemlabeled,thebiotechcompaniesandfoodproducersdonot.Iftheirproductsarebeneficialandsafe,whynotlabelWhynotbeproudofyourproducts?60countriessuchasChinalabelGMOsandcountriesbanthem.(盡管十分之九的人希望他們的產(chǎn)品為什么不為自己的產(chǎn)品感到驕傲呢？中國等60多個國家對轉(zhuǎn)基因生物進行標注，還有一些國家禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因生物。)”可知，生物技術(shù)公司和食品生產(chǎn)商不在他們所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品上貼標簽，所以我們沒法了解所吃的食物，由此可推知，劃線短語所在句子表示“為什么我們不能了解我們的食物呢，因此劃線短語havetransparency的意思是“了解”，和knowabout意思相近，故選D。31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Iknowaboutyou,butIthinkInitiative522passesandgeneticallymodifiedfoodsarelabeled,mightthefaceofAmericanagriculture我不知道你怎么522)”可知，本文作者寫這篇文章的目的是為華盛頓的522倡議爭取支持。故選C。第二節(jié)共5題每小題2分，滿分10分)【答案】32.A33.C34.F35.G36.E【解析】第頁共頁【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了情緒化進食就是用吃來排解信中的情緒，但如果吃得太多，情緒化進食會影響體重、健康和整體幸福感，所以要控制。32題詳解】上文“Emotionaleatingwhenpeopleusefoodasawaydealfeelingsinsteadofsatisfying化進食是指人們用食物來處理情緒而不是滿足饑餓感?！敝赋銮榫w化進食是為了排解情緒，而不是為了滿足饑餓感，下文“everfinishedawholebagofchipsoutofboredomordownedcookieaftercookiewhilepreparingforabigtest?(你有沒有在準備大考的時候，因為無聊吃完一整袋薯片或者一塊接一塊地吃餅干？A項“ornot,allbeenthere.(信不信由你，我們都經(jīng)歷過。)”符合，故選A?！?3題詳解】下文“Oneofthebiggestmythsaboutemotionaleatingthatcausedbynegativefeelings.peopleoftenturnfoodwhenthey’restressedout,sad,anxious,orbored.Butemotionaleatingcanbelinkedpositivefeelingstoo,liketheromanceofsharingdessertonDayorthecelebrationofaholidayfeast.(關(guān)于情緒化飲食最大的誤區(qū)之一就是它是由負面情緒引起的。是的，人們經(jīng)常在壓力大、孤獨、悲傷、焦慮或無聊時求助于食物。但是情緒化的飲食也可以和積極的情緒聯(lián)系起來，比如情人節(jié)分享甜點的浪漫或者節(jié)日盛)C項“Understandingwhatdrivesemotionaleatingcanhelppeoplestepsit.(了解情緒化飲食的驅(qū)動因素可以幫助人們采取措施改變它。)”符合語境，引起下文，指出要了解情緒化驅(qū)動的原因，故選C。34題詳解】上文“Butemotionaleatingcanbelinkedpositivefeelingstoo,liketheromanceofsharingdessertonDayorthecelebrationofaholidayfeast.Sometimesemotionaleatingtiedmajorevents,likeadeathoradivorce.(宴的慶祝。有時情緒化進食與重大生活事件有關(guān)，比如死亡或離婚?！睆牟煌矫娼榻B了情緒化進食的原F項“often,though,thecountlesslittledailystressesthatcausesomeoneseekcomfortfood.()”承接上文，介紹的是情緒化進食的原因，故選F。35題詳解】上文“Emotionaleatingpatternscanbelearned:Achildwhogivencandyafterabigachievementupusingcandyasarewardforajobwelldone.(情緒化的飲食模式是可以學(xué)習(xí)的:一個孩子在取得巨大成就后得到糖果，他長大后可能會用糖果作為工作出色的獎勵?！苯榻B了食物和情緒之間聯(lián)系的一個例子，GIfacryingboycookies,hemaylinkcookiescomfort.(如果一個哭泣的男孩得到一些餅干，他可能會把餅干與舒適聯(lián)系起來?！背薪由衔?，介紹飲食和情緒之間聯(lián)聯(lián)系的另外一個例子，故選G。36題詳解】上文“Butforpeopleemotionaleatingcanbearealproblem,causingseriousweightorotherproblems.Thetroubleemotionaleatingthatoncethepleasureofeatinggone,thefeelingsthatcauseremain.Andoftenmayfeelworseabouteatingtheamountoroffoodlike.(第頁共頁一個真正的問題，導(dǎo)致嚴重的體重增加或其他問題。情緒化進食的問題在于，一旦進食的樂趣消失，引起進食的感覺就會留存下來。而且你經(jīng)常會對你喜歡吃的食物的數(shù)量或類型感到更糟糕。”指出情緒化進食的危害，所以我們要了解身體饑餓和情感饑餓之間的區(qū)別。E項“whyhelpsknowthedifferencebetweenphysicalhungerandemotional這就是為什么了解身體饑餓和情感饑餓之間的區(qū)別是有好處的。”符合語境，對上文進行總結(jié)，故選。第三節(jié)共4小題第1、2小題各2分，第3小題3分，第4小題4分，共分)【答案】37.Becauseknowingwhatmotivatespeoplecanhelpthemfindmeaningtheirworkandreachtheirgoals.38.classifiedtheminto3mainmotivations:achievement,and39.Sinceexternalmotivationsinvolvesocialpositionandpraise,w