




版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
TotalPhysicalResponse2
DefinitionProcedureandExampleBackgroundApproachSummary123456ContentApproachDesignTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法3
1.DefinitionTotalPhysicalResponse(TPR)isalanguageteachingmethodbuiltaroundthecoordinationofspeechandaction;itattemptstoteachlanguagethroughphysical(motor)activity.TPRwasdevelopedbyJamesAsher,aprofessorofpsychologyatSanJoseStateUniversity,California,itdrawsonseveraltraditions,includingdevelopmentalpsychology,learningtheory,humanisticpedagogy,andlanguageteachingprocedures.TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法4
2.Background
2.1SourcesofTPR“Tracetheory”ofmemoryinpsychology:themoreoftenorthemoreintensivelyamemoryconnectionistraced,thestrongerthememoryassociationwillbeandthemorelikelyitwillberecalled.
Inadevelopmentalsense,successfuladultL2learningisseenasaparallelprocesstochildL1acquisition:command—physicalresponse—verbalresponse.Inasenseofhumanisticpsychology,
TPRshowsaconcernfortheroleofaffectivefactorsinLlearning:NolinguisticdemandGamelikemovementsthatreducestressandcreateapositivemoodTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法5ComprehensionApproach:developingcomprehensionskillsbeforelearnersspeakingbasedthefollowingbeliefs:
Comprehensionabilitiesprecedeproductiveskillsinlearningalanguage;
Speakingdelayeduntilcomprehensionskillsestablished;
Skillsacquiredthroughlisteningtransfertootherskills;
Teachingshouldemphasizemeaningratherthanform;
Teachingshouldminimizelearnerstress.
Theuseofphysicalaction:Action-basedteachingstrategyhasalongtradition
-Gouinadvocatedastrategyinwhichachainofactionverbsserveasthebasisforintroducingandpracticingnewlanguageitems.
-Palmerexperimentedwithanaction-basedteachingstrategyinhisbookEnglishthroughActions.
TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法6Dr.Asherdevelopedtheapproachin30yearsofresearchinthelaboratory.ThisresearchhasresultedinTPRbeingusedsuccessfullyinthousandsofclassroomswithchildrenandadultslearninglanguagessuchasEnglish,Spanish,French,German,Chinese,Korean,Japanese,Arabic,Hebrew,andeventhesignlanguageofthedeaf!TPRisbasedonthepremisethatthehumanbrainhasabiologicalprogram
foracquiringanynaturallanguageonearth—includingthesignlanguageofthedeaf.Theprocessisvisiblewhenweobservehowinfantsinternalizetheirfirstlanguage.Thesecretisaunique"conversation"betweentheparentandinfant.Althoughtheinfantisnotyetspeaking,thechildisimprintingalinguisticmapofhowthelanguageworks.Silently,thechildisinternalizingthepatternsandsoundsofthetargetlanguage.Whenthechildhasdecodedenoughofthetargetlanguage,speakingappearsspontaneously.2.2TheEmergenceoftheTPRTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法73.ApproachCONTENTSTheoryoflanguageTheoryoflearningApproachTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法8TPRreflectsagrammar-based
viewoflanguage.Asherstatesthat“mostofthegrammaticalstructureofthetargetlanguageandhundredsofvocabularyitemscanbelearnedfromtheskillfuluseoftheimperative(祈使句)bytheinstructor”.Heviewstheverb,andparticularlytheverbintheimperative,asthecentrallinguisticmotifaroundwhichlanguageuseandlearningareorganized.3.1TheoryoflanguageTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法9Asherseesastimulus-responseviewasprovidingthelearningtheoryunderlyinglanguageteachingpedagogy.TPRcanalsobelinkedtothe“tracetheory”ofmemoryinpsychology,whichholdsthatthemoreoftenorthemoreintensivelyamemoryconnectionistraced,thestrongerthememoryassociationwillbeandthemorelikelyitwillberecalled.Retracingcanbedoneverbally(e.g.,byroterepetition)and/orinassociationwithmotoractivity.Combinedtracingactivities,suchasverbalrehearsalaccompaniedbymotoractivity,henceincreasethepossibilityofsuccessfulrecall.3.2Theoryoflearning
TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法10
Inaddition,Asherhaselaboratedanaccountofwhathefeelsfacilitatesorinhibitsforeignlanguagelearning.Forthisdimensionofhislearningtheoryhedrawsonthreeratherinfluentiallearninghypotheses:3.2Theoryoflearning
a.Thereexistsaspecificinnatebio-programforlanguagelearning,whichdefinesanoptimalpathforfirstandsecondlanguagedevelopment.b.
Brainlateralization
definesdifferentlearningfunctionsintheleft-andright-brainhemispheres.c.Stress(anaffectivefilter)intervenesbetweentheactoflearningandwhatistobelearned;thelowerthestress,thegreaterthelearning.TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法114.Design4.2Syllabus4.1Objectives4.3LearningActivities4.4RolesofLearners4.5RolesofTeachers4.6InstructionalMaterialsTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法124.1ObjectivesGeneralobjectives:oralproficiencyatthebeginninglevelbasicspeakingskillsuninhibitedcommunicationintelligibletonativespeakersSpecificobjectives:notelaboratedbutdependonlearners’particularneeds.Goalsareattainablethroughtheuseofaction-baseddrillsintheimperativeform.TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法13?
Sentence-basedsyllabus,withgrammaticalandlexicalprimaryinselectingitemsbasedonthesituationsandeaseinwhichtheyarelearnedandusedintheclassroomMeaningfirstInductivegrammarteachingLanguagechunks12-36newlexicalitemsperhourTheimperativeispowerfulfacilitatoroflearning,butusedincombinationwithother
4.2Syllabus
TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法14Conversationaldialoguesaredelayeduntilafterabout120hoursofinstruction.Otherclassactivitiesincluderoleplaysandslidepresentations.4.3LearningActivities
Imperativedrills
—themajorclassroomactivityinTPR,whicharetypicallyusedtoelicitphysicalactionsandactivityonthepartofthelearners.
TotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法15ListenerPerformer/actor
Producenovelcombinationsoftheirown.Monitorandevaluatetheirownprogress.Speakwhenready,whenasufficientbasisinthelanguagehasbeeninternalized.4.4RolesofLearnersTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法164.5RolesofTeachersselectsupportingmaterialsforclassroomusemodelandpresentthenewmaterials
activeand
directrole
decidewhattoteachTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法17
4.6InstructionalMaterialsNobasictextTvoice,actionsandgesturesCommonclassroomobjectssuchasbooks,pens,cupsorfurnitureSupportingmaterialsincludingpictures,realia,slidesandwordchartsTPRKits(asetoftoolsorequipments)focusingonspecificsituationsTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法181)Review.
Thiswasafast-movingwarm-upinwhichindividualstudentsweremovedwithcommandssuchas:Pablo,driveyourcararoundMiakoandhonkyourhorn.2)
Newcommands.
(Theseverbswereintroduced.)washyourhands.lookforatowel.yourface.thesoap.yourhair.acomb.
3)Simplequestions
Examples:
Whereisthetowel?[Eduardo,pointtothetowel!]
4)Rolereversal.
5)Readingandwriting.5.ProcedureandExampleTotalPhysicalResponse全身反應法'LOGO'COMPANYLOGOTYPEINSERT
6.SummaryAdvantagesItisfunandeasy.Studentswillenjoygettingupoutoftheirchairsandmovingaround.SimpleTPRactivitiesdonotrequireagreatdealofpreparationonthepartoftheteacher.However,someothermorecomplexapplicationsmight.Itisinclusiveworkingwellwith
amixedabilityclass.Itisgoodforlearners
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 冷庫買賣拆除合同范本
- 剪力墻和伸縮縫施工方案
- 亞馬遜推廣服務合同范本
- 分包電氣合同范本
- 第七章各具特色的地區(qū)教學設計2023-2024學年商務星球版地理七年級下冊
- 中英文演出合同范本
- 農(nóng)作物安全生產(chǎn)合同范本
- 加盟燕窩店合同范例
- 加工面店轉讓合同范本
- 出口篷布采購合同范本
- 經(jīng)濟地理學智慧樹知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下江西師范大學
- 班規(guī)班約高一班規(guī)班約及考核細則
- 《幼兒文學》 課件全套 第1-8章 幼兒文學概述- 圖畫書
- 代用茶批生產(chǎn)記錄
- 41篇小學三年級語文課外閱讀練習題及答案
- 《旅游學概論》第一章
- 物業(yè)服務設備配置清單
- 馬克筆繪圖方法培訓PPT課件(內(nèi)容詳細)
- 二年級下冊綜合實踐活動教案-遇到危險怎么辦 全國通用
- (完整版)電子信息類面試題集
- 礦山尾礦購銷合同范本
評論
0/150
提交評論