2023屆高考英語閱讀理解話題分類-語言學(xué)習(xí)（含答案）

2023屆閱讀理解話題分類專練:語言學(xué)習(xí)

（共4題）

一、閱讀理解題（共4題）

1.Thecloserelationshipbetweenspeakersandtheirspeechhasledsomescholarstosuggestthat

languagedeterminestheviewwehaveoftheworldaroundus.Differentlanguagessegmentnatural

phenomenadifferently.Wenamesevencolorsintherainbow:violet,indigo,blue,green,yellow,orange

andred.Speakersofotherlanguagesmayseeonlyfour;asdidTurkishbeforeoursystemwasintroduced,

orevenasfewastwo,roughlythelightershadesversusthedarker.Thereisnothinginnatureto

demonstratehowweshouldchopupthespectrumoftherainbow,butwhenwehavelearnedagiven

language,wedistinguishtheshadesitdesignates,bothintherainbowandelsewherestudentsof

languageassumefromsuchasituationthatlanguagedeterminesmuchoftheandpatternsweseeinthe

worldaroundus,andthatitdirectsourconceptsandactions.

Changesinthechoiceoflanguage,then,mightmodifybehavior.Todaygasolinetrucksaregenerally

labeled"flammable（易燃的）Thein-prefixwastakenasequivalenttothatofwordslike"inactive",

wherein-meansnot".Itisactuallythein-ofwordslike"intense",whereitstrengthensthemeaning.The

word"inflammable",then,means"highlyflammable".Thefaultyinterpretationoflanguage,however;

determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.

Prudenttruckownershavetakennoticeandchangedthewarningto"flammable*'.

SuchobservationsledWhorftoaconceptwithdeeperpatternsoflanguage,suchastheuseof

tensesinthelanguageofEurope.Tenseisthelinguisticexpressionortime.EnglishandotherEuropean

languagesgenerallyrequiretheirspeakerstoidentifythetimeofanevent,whetherpresent:Itisraining;

past:Itrained;orfuture:Itwillrain.Bycontrast,manylanguages,suchastheHopilanguageofNew

Mexico,lackexpressionfortense.Nordosuchlanguagesobjectifytime.InHopionecannotcountdays,

minutes,yearsasthoughtheywereobjectslikestones.Everydayexpressionslike"Threeyearswentby"

areimpossibleinHopi.

Comparingsuchlanguages,Whorfproposedthat"ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeis

favorabletohistoricitysetandtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords."Thatistosay,

becauseofthepatternsforreferringtotimeinEnglishandotherlanguages,theirspeakersmaintain

recordsandemphasizebookkeeping,accounting,andthelike.Inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionof

theworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearns.

Whiletherelativityhypothesis（假設(shè)）hasattractedconsiderableattention,ithasneverbeen

experimentallydemonstratedtothevalid.AlargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofHopi-speaking

childrenversusEnglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.Itremainsataskoffuture

scholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakor

strongpositionwithregardtoit.Clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.Butwhetherit

regulatesourperceptionsorourviewoftheworldisstillanopenquestion.

(1)Thecaseofthelabel"flammable"ismentionedtoprovethat.

A.languagescanaffectourchoicesofaction

B.prefixescanleadtodisastersifusedimproperly

C.sometruckdriverscanadjusttheirbehavior

D.misunderstandingcanhappenamongspeakers

(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheuseoftense.

A.reflectsdeeperpatternsofEuropeanlanguages

B.transformsabstractideasintoobjects

C.helpsavoidcertainambiguityinconceptsorideas

D.makesitpossibletomodernetheHopilanguage

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Differentlanguagesoftenhavedifferentmethodsofkeepinghistoricalrecords.

B.Weneedmorestudiestofindoutifwearecloselyrelatedtoournativetongues.

C.Ourmothertongueshaveagreatinfluenceonourworldviewsandbehavior.

D.It'snoeasytasktoconfirmthelinkbetweenmothertonguesandourconcepts.

2.It'saprovenfactthatthewayinwhichwerememberthingschangesaswegetolder.Justlookatthe

differentwaysinwhichkidsandadultslearnlanguages.

____Theylearnbestbysingingsongs,mimicking(模仿)othersandplayinggames.Theycanlearn

torepeatwordsafteronlyhearingthemacoupleoftimes.

Adultsprefertoanalysealanguageandfindouthowitworksbeforetheystartspeaking.____It

alsoreflectsaningrained(根深蒂固的)learningstrategydevelopedthroughyearsoflifeexperience.

Onthesurface,itseemsthatkidslearnfaster.Theystartspeakinganewlanguagemorequicklyand

finditeasiertoremembernewvocabulary.____

Adultsaregenerallyabletoconcentrateforlongerperiodsoftime.Theyaren'tdistractedbyfriends

wantingtoplayfootballorthinkingaboutwhattheywantforChristmasnextyear.

Maturelearnersalsohavetheirownlearningstrategy.____

Peoplehavemoretroublelearningnewvocabularyastheygetolder.However;withthecorrect

training,anadultlearner'sbrainwilladapt.____

So,insummary,byadaptingyourlearningstyleandplayingtoyourstrengths,it'snevertoolateto

learnalanguage!

(1)

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages,too.

⑵

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However,adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

⑶

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

(4)

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

⑸

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

3.Considerthesefivewords:island,honour,siun,tongue,climb.Atfirstglance,youprobablydon't

thinktheyhaveanythingincommon.Then,youmightfindsomeofthemcontainthemostcommon

letterintheEnglishlanguage.Andyoumightneedtogobacktoyourgrade-schoolgrammarlessonsto

seetheconnection.Ifyou'restillconfused,sayeachwordslowly.Didyounoticeamissingsyllable(音節(jié))

ortwo?Actually,allfivewordshaveoneormoresilentletters—andthat'sjustasmallsampleofthem.

It'snosecretthattheEnglishlanguagehaslotsofcrazygrammarrules,andthewaywepronounce

wordsisnoexception.Whilethereare26lettersinthealphabet,theyshareatleast44different

pronunciationsamongthem.TheletterA,forexample,hassevendifferentEnglishpronunciationsalone.

Atleastyoucansafelyignorethesecommongrammarrules.

Ontopofthat,almosteveryletterinthealphabethasasilentusage,too.Thinkaboutit:FromtheC

inscissorstotheUinbuild,theEnglishlanguagehasabadhabitofdroppinglettersincertainwords.

EvenunusualletterslikeZandJaresilentinwordsthatwehaveadoptedfromforeignlanguages,suchas

marijuana(originallyaSpanishword)andlaissezfaire(French).

ButasMerriam-WebsterDictionarypointsout,oneunusualletterisneversilent:theletterV.While

itmakesanappearanceinwordslikequiverandvivid,youcanbesureitalwaysbehavestheexactsame

way.Thatmightchangesoon,though.Lastyear;PresidentDonaldTrumptweetedtheword"covfefe",

whichcausedheateddebateabouthow,exactly,oneshouldsaythismade-upterm.Somesuggestedthat

itispronouncedwithasilentV.

(1)WhatdotheunderlinedwordsinParagraphhaveincommon?

A.Theycontaintheexactlysameletters.

B.Theyhaveoneormoresilentletters.

C.Theyaredifficulttopronounce.

D.Theyallrefertoaplace.

(2)WhyistheletterAmentionedinParagraph2?

A.Toshowthatithasmanypronunciations.

B.TotellthatEnglishhasmanygrammarrules.

C.Toexplainthatwordshavesimilarpronunciations.

D.ToproveEnglishlettershavevariouspronunciations.

(3)WhichletterisseldomsilentintheEnglishlanguage?

A.TheletterA.B.TheletterJ.C.TheletterV.D.TheletterZ.

(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Englishpronunciations.B.Englishdictionaries.

C.Englishgrammar.D.Englishvocabulary.

4.AstudentislearningtospeakBritishEnglish.Hewonders:CanIcommunicatewithAmericans?Can

theyunderstandme?LearnersofEnglishoftenask:WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishand

AmericanEnglish?Howimportantarethesedifferences?

Certainly,therearesomedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.Thereareafew

differencesingrammar.Forexample,speakersofBritishEnglishsay"inhospital"and"Haveyouapen?",

Americanssay"inthehospital"and"Doyouhaveapen?".Pronunciationissometimesdifferent.

Americansusuallysoundtheirsinwordslike"bird"and"hurt".SpeakersofBritishEnglishdonotsound

theirsinthesewords.TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinspellingand

vocabulary.Forexample,"colour"and"honour"areBritish,"color*'and"honor"areAmerican.

Thesedifferencesingrammar;pronunciation,spellingandvocabularyarenotimportant,however.

Forthemostpart,BritishandAmericanEnglisharethesamelanguage.

(1)Accordingtothispassage,astudentwhoislearningtospeakAmericanEnglishmightbeafraidthat

A.thegrammaristoohardforhim

B.Americanpeoplecannotunderstandhim

C.Britishpeoplecannotunderstandhim

D.thespellingistoohardforhim

(2)WhatisNOTmentioned(提及)inthepassage?

A.Howimportantthedifferencesare

B.WhetherBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareonelanguageortwo.

C.WhethertherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

D.HowthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishcameabout.

(3)Mostsay"Doyouhaveawatch?"

A.AmericansB.BritishpeopleC.childrenD.teachers

答案

一、閱讀理解題(共4題)

1.【答案】

(1)A

(2)C

(3)D

【解析】

(1)本文為議論文。本文假設(shè)語言決定了我們對周圍世界的看法，接著用事實來說明選擇不同的

語言可能會改變行為。通過對比歐洲語言如英語和霍皮語的對比以及對說英語的孩子和霍皮語為母

語的孩子對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們與自己的母語緊密相連，但我們的母語對我們的世界觀是否有影響還不容

易確定。

詞義猜測題。第二段全段都是在說明有關(guān)flammable標(biāo)識的問題。本段以flammable這一單詞為

例，詳細分析了語言對人的行為的影響，最后在該段倒數(shù)第二句"however,determinedtheattitudes

ofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.”得出結(jié)論，即“然而，對

于語言的錯誤解讀決定了很多說話者的態(tài)度，他們隨即針對語言調(diào)整自己的行為"。由此可推斷，

該案例分析證明語言確實可影響我們對行為的選擇。故選A。

(2)推理判斷題。第三段后半部分?jǐn)⑹鰰r態(tài)是運用于表達語言或時間。歐洲語言中用時態(tài)表達時

間。英語和其他歐洲語言通常要求講話者弄清楚事件發(fā)生的時間，是現(xiàn)在、過去或者未來，要用到

時態(tài)。相比之下，許多語言，如新墨西哥州的霍皮語，缺乏對時態(tài)的表達。這些語言也不會有具體

的時間。在霍皮語中，人們不能像數(shù)石頭一樣數(shù)日子、分鐘、年。像"三年過去了"這樣的日常用語

在霍皮語中是不可能寫清楚。以及倒數(shù)第二段是uruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeis

favorabletohistoricitysetandtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords"通過比較這兩種語

言，沃爾夫提出，"我們使用時態(tài)或我們讓時間具體化，這對歷史的真實性和與記錄有關(guān)的一切都

是有利的。由此可知，時態(tài)是幫助我們來弄清事件的具體時間。如果沒有時態(tài)就像霍皮語一樣無法

說明事件發(fā)生的具體時間，也無法計算時間，這樣就會產(chǎn)生混亂或歧義。分析選項可知C項

(helpsavoidcertainambiguityinconceptsorideas有助于避免概念或思想上的某些歧義)符合題意。

故選Co

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句"Inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldis

relativetothelanguageonelearns"可知，沃爾夫的假設(shè)說一個人的世界觀與他所學(xué)的語言有關(guān)。以

及最后一段"ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalidalargescaleattempttotestthe

outlookofHopi-speakingchildrenversusEnglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.It

remainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetherone

shouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.Clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournative

language.ButwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourviewoftheworldIsstillanopenquestion”表明,

"一項大規(guī)模的對母語是霍皮語的兒童和母語是英語的兒童進行的未來前景測試的結(jié)果是不確定的。

未來學(xué)者的任務(wù)仍然是確定這一假設(shè)是否有效以及一個人是否應(yīng)該采取怎樣的立場，顯然，我們與

自己的母語緊密相連。但它是否影響我們的感知或影響我們對世界的看法仍是個懸而未決的問題，

由此可推斷出，要確認(rèn)母語與我們的觀念之間的關(guān)系實屬不易。分析選項，可知D項(It'sno

easytasktoconfirmthelinkbetweenmothertonguesandourconcepts要確認(rèn)母語和我們的觀念之間

的聯(lián)系并非容易)符合題意。故