華南理工大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2012年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2013年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2014年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2015年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2016年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2017年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2018年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯

基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminology

intotargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstarget

languageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageis

English.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,withonepoint

foreach.(30′)

1.OPEC

【答案】石油輸出國(guó)組織

2.BRIC

【答案】金磚四國(guó)

3.MPA

【答案】公共管理碩士

4.CIA

【答案】中央情報(bào)局

5.NASA

【答案】美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局

6.UNESCO

【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織

7.IOC

【答案】國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)

8.SiliconValley

【答案】硅谷

9.tradesurplus

【答案】貿(mào)易順差

10.carbonfootprint

【答案】碳足跡

11.VentureCapital

【答案】風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本

12.fixedasset

【答案】固定資產(chǎn)

13.ValueAddedTax

【答案】增值稅

14.KyotoProtocol

【答案】京都議定書(shū)

15.castpearlsbeforeaswine

【答案】對(duì)牛彈琴

16.社保體系

【答案】socialsecuritysystem

17.不良貸款

【答案】non-performingloan

18.惡性循環(huán)

【答案】viciouscircle

19.中介服務(wù)

【答案】intermediaryservices

20.不可再生資源

【答案】non-renewableresources

21.財(cái)政收入

【答案】fiscalrevenue

22.多元文化社會(huì)

【答案】multi-culturalsociety

23.訪問(wèn)學(xué)者

【答案】visitingscholar

24.義務(wù)教育

【答案】compulsoryeducation

25.森林覆蓋率

【答案】forestcoveragerate

26.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)

【答案】infrastructureconstruction

27.可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

【答案】strategyofsustainabledevelopment

28.流動(dòng)人口

【答案】floatingpopulation

29.實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播

【答案】livebroadcast

30.外交豁免權(quán)

【答案】diplomaticimmunity

Ⅱ.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotargetlanguage

respectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.If

thesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120′)

SourceText1:

OntheArtofLivingwithOthers

Inthefirstplace,ifpeoplearetolivehappilytogether,theymustnotfancy,

becausetheyarethrowntogethernow,thatalltheirliveshavebeenexactly

similaruptothepresenttime,thattheystartedexactlyalike,andthattheyare

tobeforthefutureofthesamemind.Athoroughconvictionofthedifference

ofmenisthegreatthingtobeassuredofinsocialknowledge:itistolife

whatNewton’slawistoastronomy.Sometimesmenhaveaknowledgeofit

withregardtotheworldingeneral:theydonotexpecttheouterworldto

agreewiththeminallpoints,butarevexedatnotbeingabletodrivetheir

owntastesandopinionsintothosetheylivewith.Diversitiesdistressthem.

Theywillnotseethattherearemanyformsofvirtueandwisdom.

Manyoftherulesforpeoplelivingtogetherinpeacefollowfromtheabove.

Forinstance,nottointerfereunreasonablywithothers,nottoridiculetheir

tastes,nottoquestionandrequestiontheirresolves,nottoindulgein

perpetualcommentontheirproceedings,andtodelightintheirhavingother

pursuitsthanours,areallbaseduponathoroughperceptionofthesimplefact

thattheyarenotwe.

Ifyouwouldbelovedasacompanion,avoidunnecessarycriticismupon

thosewithwhomyoulive.Thenumberofpeoplewhohavetakenoutjudge’s

patentsforthemselvesisverylargeinanysociety.Nowitwouldbehardfor

amantolivewithanotherwhowasalwayscriticisinghisactions,evenifit

werekindlyandjustcriticism.Itwouldbelikelivingbetweentheglassesofa

microscope.

【參考譯文】

論與人相處的藝術(shù)

首先，如果人們想幸?？鞓?lè)地一起生活，就一定不能想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，既

然他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)相遇并在一起了，那么過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在，他們的生活都是一

樣的，開(kāi)端一樣而且以后也會(huì)以一樣的思維繼續(xù)生活。在社交生活知識(shí)

中，人與人之間存在差異是根本定論，就像牛頓定律是天文學(xué)的根本定

律一樣。大千世界，有時(shí)候人類(lèi)有這種認(rèn)識(shí)：他們不求外界在所有問(wèn)題

上都能和他們觀點(diǎn)一致，但是會(huì)因不能將自己的品味、想法灌輸給身邊

的人而煩惱慍怒。差異使他們痛苦，他們不會(huì)明白其實(shí)美德和智慧有很

多種形式。

人與人能和諧相處的許多規(guī)則都遵循剛剛提到的觀點(diǎn)，比如，不要毫無(wú)

理由地干涉他人，不要嘲笑他人的品味，不要質(zhì)疑或反復(fù)質(zhì)疑他人的決

心，不要無(wú)休止地品論他人的事情，要為他人的追求與自己不同而感到

高興，所有這些都基于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)——他們不是我們。

要想成為受喜愛(ài)的同伴，就要避免對(duì)共同生活的人不必要的挑剔苛求。

任何團(tuán)體中總有很多人自詡為“法官”行使權(quán)力。即使出于善意或提醒，

人們也很難和一個(gè)總是挑剔自己行為的人生活，因?yàn)檫@種生活就如同放

在了顯微鏡下。

SourceText2:

一條浩浩蕩蕩的長(zhǎng)江大河，有時(shí)流到很寬闊的境界，平原無(wú)際，一瀉萬(wàn)

里。有時(shí)流到很逼狹的境界，兩岸叢山迭嶺，絕壁斷崖，江河流于其

間，回環(huán)曲折，極其險(xiǎn)峻。民族生命的進(jìn)展，其經(jīng)歷亦復(fù)如是。

人類(lèi)在歷史上的生活正如旅行一樣。旅途上的征人所經(jīng)過(guò)的地方，有時(shí)

是坦蕩平原，有時(shí)是崎嶇險(xiǎn)路。志于旅途的人走到平坦的地方，固然高

高興興地向前走，走到崎嶇的境界，愈是奇趣橫生，覺(jué)得在此奇絕壯絕

的境界，愈發(fā)能感到一種冒險(xiǎn)的美趣。

【參考譯文】

Amightylongriversometimesflowsthroughabroadsectionwithplains

lyingboundlessoneitherside,itswatersrollingonnon-stopforthousands

uponthousandsofmiles.Sometimesitcomesupagainstanarrowsection

flankedbyhighmountainsandsteepcliffs,windingthroughacoursewith

manyaperiloustwistandturn.Anation,inthecourseofitsdevelopment,

fareslikewise.

Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalong

journeypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardous

road.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyupon

reachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometo

aruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,is

betterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.

2012年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯

基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminology

intotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthis

partofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepintforeach.Ifthe

originalisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.Iftheoriginalisin

Chinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(30′)

1.WHO

【答案】世界衛(wèi)生組織

2.MOU

【答案】諒解備忘錄

3.CPI

【答案】居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)

4.isotope

【答案】同位素

5.Zeitgeist

【答案】時(shí)代精神

6.Orientalism

【答案】東方主義

7.referendum

【答案】全民投票

8.Eurozone

【答案】歐元區(qū)

9.loandefaulter

【答案】拖欠貸款者

10.nucleardeterrent

【答案】核威懾

11.publicprosecutor

【答案】檢察官；[法]公訴人

12.socialcontract

【答案】社會(huì)契約

13.SkoposTheory

【答案】目的論

14.inanutshell

【答案】簡(jiǎn)言之

15.pullone’sleg

【答案】開(kāi)玩笑

16.《詩(shī)經(jīng)》

【答案】TheBookofSongs

17.認(rèn)知心理學(xué)

【答案】cognitivepsychology

18.反壟斷法

【答案】anti-monopolylaw

19.科學(xué)發(fā)展觀

【答案】ScientificOutlookonDevelopment

20.裙帶關(guān)系

【答案】nepotism

21.外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)

【答案】export-orientedeconomy

22.自主創(chuàng)新

【答案】independentinnovation

23.綜合國(guó)力

【答案】comprehensivenationalstrength

24.科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略

【答案】thestrategyofrejuvenatingthecountrythroughscienceand

education

25.擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

【答案】expanddomesticdemand

26.自負(fù)盈虧

【答案】self-financing

27.轉(zhuǎn)基因食品

【答案】geneticallymodifiedfood

28.法人

【答案】legalperson

29.次貸危機(jī)

【答案】subprimecrisis

30.經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁

【答案】economicsanctions

Ⅱ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintoChinese.(60′)

SourceText1:

Inafieldofthatdistant,half-neglectedfarm,Ifoundanavenueofgreatelms

leadingtonothing.ButIcouldseewherethewheat-bearingearthhadbeen

leveledintoaterrace;andinonecornertherewerebroken,overgrown,

gateposts,almosthidamonggreatstragglingtrees.This,then,wastheplaceI

hadcometosee.Herehadstoodthegreathouseorpalace,withitsterraces,

andgardens,andartificialwaters;thisfieldhadoncebeenthefavouriteresort

ofEighteenth-centuryFashion;theDuchessandBeautieshaddrivenhitherin

theirgiltcoaches.Andalthoughthehousehadlongsincevanished,andthe

ploughhadgoneoveritspleasantplaces,yetforamomentIseemedtosee

thisfinecompanyunderthegreenofthatgreatavenueandhearthegossipof

theirvoicesastheypassedonintotheshadows.

【參考譯文】

在那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)而又幾乎被人們遺忘的農(nóng)場(chǎng)里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條一望無(wú)垠的大

道，大道上長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了大榆樹(shù)。但是我可以看到，那些小麥地已經(jīng)被夷為平

地了；角落里是破碎而高聳的門(mén)柱，幾乎隱藏在巨大的樹(shù)木叢中。這就

是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的地方。這里曾經(jīng)是一座大房子或?qū)m殿，有露臺(tái)、花園和人

工水域；這片區(qū)域曾經(jīng)是十八世紀(jì)最受歡迎的旅游勝地；公爵夫人和美

女們駕著他們的鍍金馬車(chē)來(lái)到這里。盡管這所房子早已消失了，犁也已

經(jīng)翻平了這片樂(lè)土，然而，有那么一會(huì)兒，我仿佛看到了林蔭大道下成

群結(jié)伴的行人，聽(tīng)到他們穿過(guò)林蔭道時(shí)的閑聊聲。

SourceText2:

Rapidtransportation,modernarchitecturalforms,methodsofbuildingup

cities,andthearchitectureofcyberspacesallreflecttheabilityofourmindto

copewiththespatialfracturesthatareproducedbythesethings.Ifweare

luckyenoughtohavethekindofmindthatcanmakesenseofaworldfilled

withtheheavydistortionsofspaceandtimethathavebeenwroughtby

moderntechnology,thenwhyfightit?Afterall,suchtechnologyhasits

advantages.Wecan’tgobacktobeingwildsavageslopingacrosstheplains

ofthesavannah.Instead,weneedtofindthewayahead.Butinfindingthis

way,weneedtofirstmakesureweunderstandwherewehavecomefrom,

whysomanyofusvalueournaturalheritage,andwhatwestandtogainfrom

itspreservation.Leavingasidetheapocalypticvisionsofseasboilingdry

fromglobalwarmingoruntoldmillionsofhumanbeingsdyingslowlyfrom

thecumulativeeffectsoftoxinsinourwater,soil,andair,thereisamuch

simplerrationaleforourwantingtofindwaystohealthespatialriftsthatlie

betweenusandtherestofthenaturalworld:contactwithnatureisgoodfor

ourminds.

【參考譯文】

快速交通、現(xiàn)代建筑形式、城市建設(shè)的方法以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的結(jié)構(gòu)都反映

了我們處理這些事物產(chǎn)生的空間裂縫的思維能力。如果我們足夠幸運(yùn)，

能有這樣一種思維能力來(lái)理解充滿(mǎn)了現(xiàn)代科技所帶來(lái)的空間和時(shí)間嚴(yán)重

扭曲的世界，那為什么還要與之斗爭(zhēng)呢？畢竟，這樣的技術(shù)有它自身的

優(yōu)勢(shì)。我們不能變回邁步穿過(guò)大草原的野蠻人，相反，我們需要找到前

進(jìn)的道路。但是在尋找這種方法的過(guò)程中，我們首先要確保我們清楚自

己來(lái)自哪里，為什么那么多的人重視我們的自然遺產(chǎn)，以及我們能從保

護(hù)自然遺產(chǎn)中得到什么。撇開(kāi)全球變暖導(dǎo)致的海平面上升的末日景象不

談，亦不考慮無(wú)數(shù)的人類(lèi)正在慢慢地因我們的水、土壤和空氣中累積的

毒素而死去，我們想找到治療空間裂縫的方法有一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的理由（這

些裂縫存在于我們和自然界其余部分之間）：接觸大自然對(duì)我們的思想

有好處。

Ⅲ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsourcetextintoEnglish.(60′)

學(xué)院請(qǐng)來(lái)一位洋教師。他每每與中國(guó)學(xué)生聊天，聊到可笑之處時(shí)，他不

笑，臉上也沒(méi)表情；可是有時(shí)毫不可笑的事，他會(huì)冷不防放聲大笑，笑

得仰面朝天，幾乎連人帶椅子要翻過(guò)去。常使中國(guó)學(xué)生面面相覷，不知

這位洋教師是不是神經(jīng)有問(wèn)題。

一天，洋教師出題，考查學(xué)生們用洋文作文的水準(zhǔn)。中國(guó)學(xué)生很靈，一

揮而就。洋教師評(píng)出了最佳作文一篇，學(xué)生們聽(tīng)后大為不解，這種通篇

說(shuō)謊的文章怎么能被評(píng)為“最佳”？原來(lái)這篇作文是寫(xiě)學(xué)校食堂。寫(xiě)作文

的學(xué)生人很老實(shí)，膽子又小，生怕得罪校方，妨礙將來(lái)畢業(yè)，便不顧真

假，胡編亂造，竭力美化，唱贊歌。洋教師明知學(xué)校食堂糟糕透頂，為

什么偏要選這篇作文？

洋教師說(shuō)：“這文章寫(xiě)得當(dāng)然好，而且絕妙無(wú)比?！彼闷鹱魑哪钇?/p>

來(lái)，“我們學(xué)校最美的地方，不是教室，不是操場(chǎng)，而是食堂。瞧，玻

璃干凈得幾乎叫你看不到它的存在——”怎么會(huì)是幽默？大家還沒(méi)弄明

白。洋教師接著念道：“如果你不小心在學(xué)校食堂跌了一跤，你會(huì)驚奇

地發(fā)現(xiàn)你并沒(méi)跌跤，因?yàn)槟闵砩习朦c(diǎn)塵土也沒(méi)留下……”學(xué)生們忽然明

白了什么。洋教師一邊笑，一邊繼續(xù)往下念：“食堂天天的飯菜有多么

精美、多么豐富、多么解饞！只有在學(xué)校食堂里，你才會(huì)感到吃飯是一

種地道的享受……”忽然，學(xué)生們爆發(fā)起大笑來(lái)。依照這種思維，我們

會(huì)從身邊發(fā)現(xiàn)多少聰明、機(jī)智、絕妙、令人捧腹的好文章！

【參考譯文】

OurinstituteemployedanEnglishteacher.Heneverlaughedwhenhechatted

withhisChinesestudentsonamusingstories,nordidhisfaceshowany

expression.However,whenitcametotopicsofthedullestnature,hewould

burstintouncontrollablelaughter,roaringwhilerockinginhischair,almost

fallingflatonhisback.Thestudentswouldthenlookateachother,

wonderingifhewasinhisrightmind.

Onedayhesetthestudentsanessaytoseehowwelltheycouldwritein

English.Thatwassimple.Andhisstudents,quickatwriting,finisheditat

onegoandturneditinnotime.Hepickedonethathethoughtthebest.When

hereaditouttothestudents,theyweregreatlyperplexed.Ofallthe

comments,whydidhelikethisonebest?Notasinglewordofitwastrue.It

wasaboutthecampuscafeteriaandtheauthorwasapeaceableandtimidguy.

Inordernottooffendtheschoolauthorities-adecisivefactor:concerninghis

graduation-hehadmadeupahigh-soundingstoryinpraiseofthecafeteria

regardlessofreality.Theteacherwasaswellawareofthecafeteria’sterrible

conditions,butwhyshouldthispieceinparticularhaveappealedtohimso

much?

“Thisisundoubtedlyagoodone,”theteacherinsisted.“Unprecedentedly

good!”Hebegantoread.“Themostbeautifulspotoncampusisnotthe

classroombuilding,northesportsground,itisourcafeteria.Look!The

windowpanesaresocleanthatyouscarcelynoticethereisglassthere-”

Humorous?Butwhatwashumorousaboutit?Thestudentswerepuzzled.“If

youwerenotcarefulenough,”theteachercontinued,“andhadafallonthe

floor,youwouldbeamazedtofindthatyouhadnotfallenatallbecauseyou

didnotgetasingleparticleofdustonyourclothes.Bynowthestudents

seemedtobecottoningon.Theteacherwentonhisreadingpunctuatedby

fitsoflaughter.“Howwonderfullyisthefoodcookedhere!Whatagreat

varietyofdishesyouhavehereandhowwellyourappetiteissatisfied!In

factitisonlyatthecafeteriaoftheinstitutethatyoueatingenjoyable...”

Suddenlythestudentslaughed,rockingtheclassroomwiththeirlaughter.

Followingthislogic,Godknowshowmanyarticleswewouldbeableto

produce,articlesthatarejustaswell-worded,quick-witted,artfully-

conceivedandsetyourollingwithlaughter!

2013年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯

基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminology

intotargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstarget

languageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageis

English.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,withonepoint

foreach.(30′)

1.PDA

【答案】個(gè)人數(shù)字助理

2.UPI

【答案】合眾國(guó)際社

3.OEM

【答案】原始設(shè)備制造商

4.NYSE

【答案】紐約證券交易所

5.IAEA

【答案】國(guó)際原子能組織

6.ObamaCare

【答案】奧巴馬醫(yī)改

7.boxoffice

【答案】票房

8.audiencerating

【答案】收視率

9.nullandvoid

【答案】無(wú)效的

10.forcemajeure

【答案】不可抗力

11.insurancepolicy

【答案】保險(xiǎn)單

12.billofexchange

【答案】匯票

13.well-informedsource

【答案】消息靈通人士

14.inflation-proofdeposit

【答案】保值儲(chǔ)蓄

15.export-orientedeconomy

【答案】外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)

16.工業(yè)明膠

【答案】technicalgelatin

17.行政審批

【答案】governmentreviewandapproval

18.版稅收入

【答案】royaltyincome

19.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)

【答案】medicalandhealthorganization

20.固有領(lǐng)土

【答案】inherentterritory

21.學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信

【答案】academicintegrity

22.國(guó)際仲裁

【答案】internationalarbitration

23.空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)

【答案】airqualitymonitoring

24.佛經(jīng)

【答案】Buddhistscriptures

25.逾期貸款

【答案】pastdueloans

26.銜接與連貫

【答案】cohesionandcoherence

27.司法公正

【答案】judicialfairness

28.重大疾病保險(xiǎn)

【答案】criticalillnessinsurance

29.大陸架

【答案】continentalshelf

30.運(yùn)載火箭

【答案】carrierrocket

Ⅱ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsourcetextintoChinese.(60′)

GeorgeWashington,wealthyplanterandfoxhuntingsportsman,waswithout

atraceofPuritanism.Hewassocompletelyindifferenttoitspious

irascibilitiesthatheappearsnevertohavemadeanycommentonthem.

Indeed,heseemed,accordingtotheevidence,tohavehadnoinstinctor

feelingforreligion,althoughheattendedchurchtwelveorfifteentimesa

year.

ThenameofJesusChristisnotmentionedevenonceinthevastcollectionof

Washington’spublishedletters.HereferstoProvidenceinnumerousletters,

butheusedtheterminsuchawayastoindicatethatheconsidered

ProvidenceasasynonymforDestinyorFate.BishopWhite,whoknewhim

wellformanyyears,wroteafterWashington’sdeaththathehadneverheard

himexpressanopiniononanyreligioussubject.Headdedthatalthough

Washingtonwas“seriousandattentive”inchurch,heneversawhimkneelin

prayer.

Nevertheless,hebelievedinthestabilizingpowerofreligion.Hehadno

religiousfeelinghimself,butthoughtreligionwasagoodthingforother

people-especiallyforthecommonpeople.Anyonewhounderstands

Americanlifewillrecognizethemoderncaptain-of-industryattitudeinthis

pointofview.

InhisFarewellAddress,whichunquestionablyrepresentshismostmature

opinions,thenameofGoddoesnotappear,buthehadagoodwordfor

religions,towit:“Ofallthedispositionsandhabitswhichleadtopolitical

prosperity,religionandmoralityareindispensablesupports.”

Readingthis,wepauseandreflect.Heconsideredreligionamatterofpolicy.

Ofthatwemighthavebeensure-knowing,aswedo,histypeofmind.But

thestatementdoesnotcomeuptoexpectations;hehasnottiedreligionupto

property.Anymoderncaptainofindustrywoulddothat.However,weare

notyetattheendofthestatement.Inthesameparagraph,afewlinesfurther

on,hesays:

Letitsimplybeasked,whereisthesecurityforproperty,forreputation,for

life,ifthesenseofreligiousobligationdeserttheoathswhicharethe

instrumentsofinvestigationincourtsofjustice?Andletuswithcaution

indulgethesuppositionthatmoralitycanbemaintainedwithoutreligion.

【參考譯文】

喬治·華盛頓是一位富有的種植園主兼獵狐愛(ài)好者，他身上沒(méi)有一絲清

教主義的痕跡。他對(duì)他那虔誠(chéng)的暴躁情緒完全漠不關(guān)心，似乎從來(lái)沒(méi)有

就此發(fā)表過(guò)任何評(píng)論。事實(shí)上，證據(jù)表明他似乎對(duì)宗教沒(méi)有任何本能或

感情，盡管他每年要去教堂十二次到十五次的樣子。

耶穌基督的名字在華盛頓出版的大量信件中甚至沒(méi)有提到過(guò)。他在許多

信中提到了上帝，但他用這個(gè)詞來(lái)表示他認(rèn)為上帝是命運(yùn)或命運(yùn)的同義

詞。懷特主教多年來(lái)一直很了解他，他在華盛頓去世后寫(xiě)道，他從來(lái)沒(méi)

有聽(tīng)過(guò)華盛頓對(duì)任何宗教問(wèn)題發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，雖然華盛頓在教堂

里“嚴(yán)肅而專(zhuān)注”，但他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他跪著祈禱。

然而，他相信宗教的穩(wěn)定力量。他自己沒(méi)有宗教信仰，但認(rèn)為宗教對(duì)其

他人來(lái)說(shuō)是件好事，尤其是對(duì)普通人來(lái)說(shuō)。任何了解美國(guó)生活的人都會(huì)

在這一觀點(diǎn)中認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)代的行業(yè)態(tài)度。

在他的告別演說(shuō)中，上帝的名字并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，這次演說(shuō)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地代表

了他最成熟的觀點(diǎn)，但他用了一個(gè)很好的詞來(lái)代替宗教，即“所有促成

政治繁榮、宗教和道德的傾向和習(xí)慣都是必不可少的支撐物。”

閱讀這篇文章，我們停下來(lái)反思。他認(rèn)為宗教是政策的問(wèn)題。我們可能

確定的，正如我們所知，是他的思想類(lèi)型。但這一說(shuō)法沒(méi)有達(dá)到預(yù)期的

效果，他并沒(méi)有把宗教與財(cái)產(chǎn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，任何現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的領(lǐng)袖都會(huì)這么

做。然而，他的話(huà)還沒(méi)有說(shuō)完。在同一段，還有幾行，他說(shuō)：

一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，如果宗教義務(wù)感拋棄了誓言，而這些誓言是對(duì)正義

的審判工具，那么財(cái)產(chǎn)安全、名譽(yù)保障、生命安全從何而來(lái)？讓我們謹(jǐn)

慎滿(mǎn)足于道德在沒(méi)有宗教信仰的情況下也可以維持的假設(shè)。

Ⅲ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsourcetextintoEnglish.(60′)

馬拉松賽跑是考驗(yàn)人的意志和力量的競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)。長(zhǎng)跑者在同一起跑線出

發(fā)。一眼望不到盡頭的跑道上，強(qiáng)者與弱者的差距逐漸拉開(kāi)。最后一圈

是拼搏的時(shí)刻。第一個(gè)到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的優(yōu)勝者，迎來(lái)陣陣掌聲和熱烈歡呼，

屏幕上閃耀著他創(chuàng)造的記錄。

然而，跑道上也有這樣的場(chǎng)面：拖著疲憊不堪的雙腿，苦苦掙扎著，搖

搖欲墜幾乎昏厥的身子，終于奮力沖過(guò)封鎖線，那是多么激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)

刻！縱或是最后一名，也是一位勝利者，同樣贏得熱情的鼓勵(lì)和贊許的

掌聲。人們?yōu)殚L(zhǎng)跑者堅(jiān)忍不拔的精神深深感動(dòng)了。

人的一生就好比馬拉松賽跑。人人都有最后一圈，這一圈通常屬于人生

道路漫長(zhǎng)的老人。七老八十的人，穿過(guò)艱難的世途，穿過(guò)蕓蕓眾生，穿

過(guò)重重障礙，于是到了人生的最后一圈。這一圈路程有長(zhǎng)有短，跑得有

快有慢。有的人穩(wěn)健有力，從容不迫；有的人歪歪扭扭，步子不正；有

的人拖拖沓沓，蹣跚不前。也有跑入歪道的人，或跑不快還要擋道的

人，或不按競(jìng)賽規(guī)則亂跑的人，都是注定要失敗的。誰(shuí)能跑好這最后一

圈，誰(shuí)就是勝利者。

【參考譯文】

Themarathonraceisasportseventtestingman’senduranceandstrength.

Runnersstartfromthesamestartinglineandontheseeminglyendlesstrack

thegapgraduallywidensbetweenthestrongandtheweak.Thelastlap

alwayswitnessestherunnersgoingallouttowinsuccess.Thefirsttoreach

thefinishinglineisshoweredwithwarmapplauseandacclamationwhilethe

newrecordheorshehascreatedisflashingacrossthescreen.

Nevertheless,wealsoseethismovingscene:Anexhaustedrunner,dragging

apairofwearyfeetandstaggeringasthoughabouttofallintoafaint,barely

managersatlonglasttohitthefinishinglineafteradesperatestruggle.Oh,

whatastirringmoment!Hemaybethelast,yetheisalsoawinner.He

likewisedeservesspectators’warmencouragementandapprovingapplause.

Peoplearedeeplymovedbyhistenacity.

Humanlifecanbelikenedtothemarathonrace.Allpeople,especiallythe

agedwhohavealreadyseenmuchoflife,havethelastlap.Septuagenarians

andoctogenariansareonthelastlapoftheirlivesafterexperiencingthe

twistsandturnsoflife’sjourney,meetinghumanbeingsofalldescriptions

andgoingthroughoneobstacleafteranother.Thelastlapmaybelongor

short;therunnersmaybefastorslow.Somemayrunwithfirmandsteady

stepsandself-possession;somemayrunveryunsteadilyandoutofstep;

somemaybesluggishwithfalteringsteps.Whatisworse,somemayresortto

dishonestpractices;some,beingslowthemselves,maypurposelystandinthe

wayofothers;somemayrunwithoutadheringtotherulesofthe

competition.Suchpeoplearedoomedtofailure.Whoeveracquitshimself

wellonthelastlapisawinner.

2014年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯

基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,phrases,sentences,

abbreviationsorterminologyintotheircorrespondingtargetlanguage

respectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15in

Englishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.Iftheoriginalisin

English,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IftheoriginalisinChinese,itstarget

languageisEnglish.(30points)

1.accessibleelevator

【答案】無(wú)障礙電梯

2.Emptytalkisharmfultothenation,whiledoingpracticalworkwillmake

itthrive.

【答案】空談?wù)`國(guó)，實(shí)干興邦

3.IOC

【答案】國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)

4.UNESCO

【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織

5.GPA

【答案】平均成績(jī)

6.Ginicoefficient

【答案】基尼系數(shù)

7.whitenight

【答案】白夜

8.highwater

【答案】高潮；高水位

9.eleventhhour

【答案】最后一刻

10.preciousstone

【答案】寶石

11.altitudesickness

【答案】高原反應(yīng)

12.healthcarereform

【答案】醫(yī)療改革

13.loanprimerate

【答案】貸款基礎(chǔ)利率

14.franchisestore

【答案】加盟店

15.todriveone’spigstomarket

【答案】打鼾

16.國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)

【答案】nationalsecuritycouncil

17.倒逼機(jī)制

【答案】forcingmechanisms

18.正能量

【答案】positiveenergy

19.主席團(tuán)

【答案】presidium

20.交易稅

【答案】transactiontax

21.中國(guó)夢(mèng)

【答案】TheChineseDream

22.住房保障

【答案】housingsecurity

23.債務(wù)上限

【答案】debtceiling

24.衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)

【答案】satellitenavigationsystem

25.三中全會(huì)

【答案】TheThirdPlenarySession

26.新聞自由

【答案】freedomofthepress

27.外逃資本

【答案】capitalflight

28.可支配收入

【答案】disposableincome

29.打造中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的升級(jí)版

【答案】upgradeChina’seconomy

30.打鐵還需自身硬

【答案】Themetalitselfmustbehardtobeturnedintoiron./Toforgeiron,

youneedastronghammer.

Ⅱ.Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.(60points)

ItisatruestorywhichhappenedduringWorldWarIIinacertainstateinthe

eastoftheU.S.A.

OnedayayoungmannamedJimreceivedanenlistmentnoticeinwhichhe

wastoldtoundergothephysicalexaminationthenextday.ToJimitseemed

likeaboltfromtheblue.Hewastroubledsomuchthathecouldn’tgetto

sleepallthenight.Inallfairness,Jimwasn’tacowardandhehatedthe

Fascistsdeeply.Buthewouldn’tjointhearmy.Why?Itwasallbecausehe

wasinlovewithabeautifulgirlandhewouldnotbeseparatedfromhis

girlfriend.“IfIcouldfindawaytomakethedoctorsbelievetherearesome

defectsinmybody,”hethought,“Iwouldavoidbeingsenttoserveinthe

army.Buthow?”Hethoughtandthought.Suddenlytohisgreatjoy,agood

ideacrossedhismind.

ThenextmorningJimgottothehospitalontime.Hewasledintoalarge

roomwherehefoundanagedmedicalofficersittingbehindalargewriting-

desk,busylookingthroughthesheetsofpapercarefully.“Itmustbethechief

doctor,”tohimselfJimthought,“andI’dbesttrynottobepaidattentionto

bythatoldfellow.”Withthethought,hehurriedlyfoundaseattositdownon

andtookoutanout-of-agenewspaper,pretendingtoreadit.

NotlongbeforethatJimheardhisnamecalled.Heknewitwashisturntobe

examined.WhenJimcameuptothedoctor,theoldmanraisedhishead

slowlyfromhispapersandtookaquickandsharplookathim,thenina

whisperheorderedJimtoputhisnewspaperonthetableandtakeoffhis

clothesatonce.Ofcourse,Jimhadtodowhathewaswantedto.Afterthathe

wastoldtogostraighttoacomerandsitdownonachairthere.ButtoJim’s

greatsurprisenosoonerhadheseatedhimselfonthechairthanheheardthe

doctormurmuringtohisassistants:“Finished!Thatladisquiteuptothe

standard.”

“Howcanyoudrawsuchaconclusionlikethatbeforeyougivemeacareful

check?It’stoorash!”Stillonthechair,Jimshoutedatthedoctor.“Don’tbe

impetuous,youngman!Getoffandputonyourclothes,andthenI’llexplain

ittoyou.”thedoctorsaidcalmly.

AndwhenJimstoodbeforetheoldman,thedoctorheldouthisandgavea

patonhisbroadshoulder.Asmileonhisface,hesaidtoJiminkindvoice:

“Myboy,yousaidwedidn’texamineyoucarefully,didn’tyou?ButIdon’t

thinkitnecessaryforustodothat.Youmightbepuzzledaboutthis.Nowlet

metellyouhowandwhy.”Apausetotakeabreath,hewenton:“WhenI

whisperedtoyoutoputdownthenewspaperandtakeoffyourclothes,you

diditasItoldyou.Itshowsyouhavegoodears.Andthenwhenyouwere

askedtogoandsitonthechairinthatcomer,youdidit,too.Itshowsyou

canseeanobjectwithinacertaindistance.Soyouarenotnearsightedatall.

Besidesyouwerefoundreadingthenewspaperjustnow,andwearecertain

youareamanofintelligence.Inawordwemakenodoubtthatyouare

perfectinmindandbody.NowI’mgladtosayyou’vepassedthephysical

examinationthatistosayyou’llbeaglorioussoldier.Congratulations!”

WiththosewordsthemedicalofficerstretchedoutbothhandstoJim,and

Jimcoulddonothingbutholdtheminhisown.“Iwishyoutobeagood

fighterandfightforthejusticeandfreedomofhumanbeings!”saidtheold

maninaninspiringvoice.AndJimwasomovedthathiseyeswerefullof

tears.

Halfayearlater,JimwaskilledintheEuropeanbattlefield.Atthisnewshis

girlfriendnearlywentmad.Shedasheddowntotheshoreandstoodthere,

lookingouttotheboundlessocean.Shekeptweeping,whilecallingher

lover’sname.“Don’tbelikethat,mydear.”Itwasanoldman’strembling

voice.“YourJimdiedarealman.Hedevotedhislifetothepeopleallover

theworld.Itisrightthatweshouldbeproudofhim...”Sayingthis,theold

man,herfather,waschoked.HisonlyregretwasthathehadneverhadJim

knowwhohewas.Thisoldmanwasnootherthanthemedicalofficerwho

hadgivenJimthehealthcheck.

【參考譯文】

不久，吉姆聽(tīng)到叫他的名字，他知道輪到他檢查了。當(dāng)吉姆走到醫(yī)生面

前時(shí)，老人慢慢地抬起頭，飛快地看了他一眼，然后低聲命令吉姆把他

的報(bào)紙放在桌子上，迅速把衣服脫掉。當(dāng)然，吉姆必須做醫(yī)生讓他做的

事。之后，醫(yī)生讓他徑直走到一個(gè)角落里，然后坐在那里的椅子上。但

是，讓吉姆大吃一驚的是，他剛坐到椅子上，就聽(tīng)到醫(yī)生對(duì)他的助手

說(shuō)：“檢查結(jié)束了！那個(gè)小伙子完全符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?/p>

當(dāng)吉姆站在老人面前時(shí)，醫(yī)生伸出了他的手，在吉姆寬大的肩膀上輕輕

拍了一下。他微笑著對(duì)吉姆說(shuō)：“我的孩子，你說(shuō)我們沒(méi)有仔細(xì)地給你

檢查，是嗎？但是我認(rèn)為我們沒(méi)有必要那樣做。你可能會(huì)感到困惑，現(xiàn)

在讓我來(lái)告訴你為什么。他停頓了一下，接著說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我低聲對(duì)你說(shuō)放

下報(bào)紙，脫掉衣服時(shí)，你照我說(shuō)的做了，這表明你的耳朵很好使。然后

當(dāng)你被要求去坐在那個(gè)角落里的椅子上時(shí)，你也照做了，這說(shuō)明你可以

在一定距離內(nèi)看清一件東西，所以你一點(diǎn)兒也不近視。此外，你剛剛還

在看報(bào)紙，我們確信你是一個(gè)有智慧的人?？傊?，我們毫不懷疑你在頭

腦和身體上都是完美的。現(xiàn)在——我很高興地告訴你，你已經(jīng)通過(guò)了體

檢，也就是說(shuō)你將是一個(gè)光榮的戰(zhàn)士，恭喜你！”

半年后，吉姆在歐洲戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)陣亡。聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，他的女朋友幾乎要發(fā)

瘋了。她沖到岸邊，站在那里，望向無(wú)邊的大海，她一邊哭一邊喊著她

愛(ài)人的名字。“別這樣，親愛(ài)的，”這是一個(gè)老人顫抖的聲音?！澳愕募?/p>

姆死得很光榮，是個(gè)真正的男子漢，他把他的一生獻(xiàn)給了全世界的人

民，我們應(yīng)該為他感到驕傲。”說(shuō)著，老人——她的父親，哽咽了。他

唯一的遺憾是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有讓吉姆知道他是誰(shuí)，這位老人正是那位給吉姆

做健康檢查的醫(yī)生。

Ⅲ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)

且說(shuō)黛玉自那日棄舟登岸時(shí)，便有榮國(guó)府打發(fā)了轎子并拉行李的車(chē)輛久

候了，這林黛玉常聽(tīng)得母親說(shuō)過(guò)，他外祖母家與別家不同。他近日所見(jiàn)

的這幾個(gè)三等仆婦，吃穿用度，已是不凡了，何況今至其家。因此步步

留心，時(shí)時(shí)在意，不肯輕易多說(shuō)一句話(huà)，多行一步路，惟恐被人恥笑了

他去。自上了轎，進(jìn)入城中，從紗窗向外瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁華，人

煙之阜盛，自與別處不同。又行了半日，忽見(jiàn)街北蹲著兩個(gè)大石獅子，

三間獸頭大門(mén)，門(mén)前列坐著十來(lái)個(gè)華冠麗服之人。正門(mén)卻不開(kāi)，只有東

西兩角門(mén)有人出入。正門(mén)之上有一匾，匾上大書(shū)“敕造寧國(guó)府”五個(gè)大

字。

【參考譯文】

Whenshedisembarked,asedan-chairfromtheRongMansionandcartsfor

herluggagewerewaitinginreadiness.Shehadheardagreatdealfromher

motheraboutthemagnificenceofhergrandmother’shome;andduringthe

lastfewdaysshehadbeenimpressedbythefood,costumesandbehaviorof

therelativelylow-rankingattendantsescortingher.Shemustwatchherstep

inhernewhome,shedecided,beonguardeverymomentandweighevery

word,soasnottobelaughedatforanyfoolishblunder.Asshewascarried

intothecityshepeepedoutthroughthegauzewindowofthechairatthe

bustleinthestreetsandthecrowdsofpeople,thelikeofwhichshehadnever

seenbefore.Afterwhatseemedalongtimetheycametoastreetwithtwo

hugestonelionscrouchingonthenorthside,flankingagreattriplegatewith

beast-headedknockers,infrontofwhichtenormoremeninsmartlivery

weresitting.Thecentralgatewasshut,butpeoplewerepassinginandoutof

thesmallersidegates.Onaboardabovethemaingatewaswritteninlarge

characters:NingguoMansionBuiltatImperialCommand.

2015年華南理工大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯

基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

PartⅠ.Directions:Translatethefollowingitemsintotheirtargetlanguage

respectively.IftheoriginalisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.Ifthe

originalisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.Twopointsaregivenfor

eachcorrectitem.(60points)

1.It’sbeenanail-bitingcoupleofweek