2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版不定式用法

Goodmorning高二B(4)Part1

To-infinitive

動(dòng)詞不定式Today'stask:不定式作（1）主語(yǔ)（有哪幾種句型）（2）賓語(yǔ)（有哪些動(dòng)詞后接todo做賓語(yǔ)）（如果todo后有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，該用什么句式？有哪些動(dòng)詞）（3）表語(yǔ)（在哪三種形式后面）

（4）定語(yǔ)（使用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)的情況）（5）賓補(bǔ)（哪些動(dòng)詞后加sbtodo？（哪些動(dòng)詞后加sbdo以及在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有何變動(dòng)）（6）狀語(yǔ)（表目的狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)有：）（表結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)有：）

（7）有哪些加to固定詞組：（8）有哪些省to句式：不定式的形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式否定式todotobedonetobedoing/tohavedonetohavebeendonenottodonottobedoneTips:不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for/ofsb.todo動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：在不定式前加notStepI.Lead-in:TaskIDiscussion1.Totalktoafriendopenlyandsincerelyisveryimportantifwearetomakeupabrokenfriendship.2.Weshouldalwaysremindourselvestotrustourfriendswhateverhappens.subjectpredicativeobjectcomplement

3.Itseemsyouneedtoapologizequickly

toavoidlosingagoodfriend!4.Ihavenothingtosayaboutit. (attribute) (object)(adverbial)object（賓語(yǔ)）subject（主語(yǔ)）objectcomplement（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）attribute（定語(yǔ)）predicative（表語(yǔ)）adverbial（狀語(yǔ)）二、動(dòng)詞不定式的功能

1.不定式作主語(yǔ)（subject）

Tomasteraforeignlanguagecallsforagreatdealofmemorywork.

（1）不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用形式主語(yǔ)it代替，將不定式放在句末（用it作為形式主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)上句）Itcallsforagreatdealofmemoryworktomasteraforeignlanguage._________istobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)Tosee（2）不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)用for或of引出（譯）對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)每天早晨讀英語(yǔ)是重要的。ItisimportantforustoreadEnglisheverymorning.(譯)沖別人大聲叫嚷你真不禮貌。It'simpoliteofyoutoyellatothers.(3)Itisone'sdutytodosthItisuptosbtodosth由你來(lái)決定明天誰(shuí)去。Itisuptoyoutodecidewhowillgotomorrow.2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)（object）我并沒(méi)有打算要傷害你。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.我們認(rèn)為掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)很重要。Wethinkitimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.Tips:動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往將賓語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。feel,think,find,believe,consider,make思考：還有哪些動(dòng)詞后接todo?affordagreedecideexpecthopewishwantofferrefusefailmanageplanpromise(1)Hepromised______________________.(答應(yīng)不告訴任何人這件事)(2)Whentheteachercamein,hepretended_________________.(正在讀書(shū))(3)Hecan’tafford___________.(買(mǎi)不起一輛車(chē))(4)I_________________towalkeveryday.(make)

認(rèn)為。。。是必須的

tobereadingabooknottotellanyoneaboutittobuyacarthinkitnecessary（補(bǔ)充）todo作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要在介詞后加上wh-詞，但在except,but等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后也可直接用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。I’minterestedinwhat

todo.Ihavenochoicebut

togiveupthechancetogoabroad.Ididnothingbut_____giveupthechancetogoabroad.A.toB./B3.不定式作表語(yǔ)（Predicative）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是下列情況時(shí)，用不定式作表語(yǔ):

(1)

aim,plan,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等HisjobistoteachEnglish.(2)

what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

Whathewants

is

togetabookasagift.(3)不定式Toseeistobelieve.常見(jiàn)句型：主語(yǔ)+be/seem/appear/prove/remain+todosth.

Tobekindtotheenemyis______(be)crueltothepeople.(2)Mychiefpurposeis__________(pointout)thedifficultiesofthematter.(3)WhatIwillsuggest___________(putoff)themeeting.(4)Nowtheonlythingwecandois________(wait).tobetopointoutistoputoff(to)wait注：作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，

to可以省略。4.不定式作定語(yǔ)（attribute）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。

Shewasthefirst/last/only

persontocome.(1)I’mgoingtoShanghai.Doyouhaveanything_________(take)toyourbrother?No,thankyou.(2)I’msobusytodaybecauseIhavemuchhomework__________.(3)Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone____________(repair)firstisthelibrary.tobetakentoberepairedtodo總結(jié)：如何區(qū)分todo和tobedoneTips:

如果不定式是vi，后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。

Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon. Maryneedsafriendtoplay_____. Heislookingforanapartmenttolive____.within5.不定式作賓補(bǔ)（objectcomplement）動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+todosth.常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)可用作此句式的有:

(1)Hedidn’tallowhisson________(play)computergames.(2)Thegovernmentcallsonus________(increase)theawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.toplaytoincreaseask,tell,advise,wish,invite,warn,get,force,order,allow,expect,cause,persuade,permit,forbid,encourage,ask，waitfor,callon…Tips:有些動(dòng)詞后面須接不帶to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),常用的動(dòng)詞有:help;feel,hear,listento;make,let,have;see,watch,notice,lookat等.但是這些句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,不定式前需加上to。(但是let,

have除外，這兩個(gè)詞一般不用被動(dòng)).順口溜：半幫助一感二聽(tīng)三讓四看Wesawhimwalkintotheroom.Heoftenmakeshissister_______(cry);Justnow,shewasmade_______(cry)byhim.Hewasseentowalkintotheroom.crytocry6.不定式可以作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。①soasto(不能放句首),

to,inorderto作目的狀語(yǔ)(05年遼寧卷)Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving②在so…asto,such…asto,too…to,enough…to,onlyto…結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound7.作插入語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度、看法、對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋。e.g.tobehonest,totellthetruth,tomakethematterworse,tobelieveitornot…

II.Drills

(1)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很容易。___________________iseasy.=Itiseasy__________________.=Englishiseasytolearn.TolearnEnglishwelltolearnEnglishwell(2)Heorderedtheman____(go)thereatonce.(3)Itissaidthatthebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

Thebookissaid____________________intomanylanguages.(4)Iplantoattendthemeeting_________(hold)tomorrow.togo tohavebeentranslatedtobeheld(5)Ican’tgooutwithyoutoday,asIhavealotofclothes_______(wash).(6)“Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash)today?”askedthemaid(女傭).(7)Ifoundthechaircomfortable_________(sit).(8)Ithinkthequestiondifficult________(answer).(9)It’sIwhoam________(blame).towash tobewashedtositintoanswertoblame(10)Wehavenochoicebut_________.(11)Wecandonothingbut______.A.waitB.towaitBA(12)IfTomhappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himleaveamessage.

A.haveB.getC.askD.tell(13)Everymorning,heisthefirst_____toschool.A.comingB.tocomeB(14)Iwouldrather____(go)swimming.(15)Youhadbetter______(keep)yourbedroomclean.(16)Whynot______(visit)yourcousininJapan?gocleanvisitTips:

wouldratherdosthhadbetterdosthWhynotdosth?(17)Heissaidto_________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhewillstudyin.(18)Heissaidto_________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryheisstudyingin.(19)Heissaidto_________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.(20)Heissaidto______________abroadforthreeyears,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiesin.studybestudyinghavestudiedhavebeenstudyingConclusion:不定式作（1）主語(yǔ)（有哪幾種句型）（2）賓語(yǔ)（有哪些動(dòng)詞后接todo做賓語(yǔ)）（如果todo后有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，該用什么句式？有哪些動(dòng)詞）（3）表語(yǔ)（在哪三種形式后面）

（4）定語(yǔ)（使用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)的情況）（5）賓補(bǔ)（哪些動(dòng)詞后加sbtodo？（哪些動(dòng)詞后加sbdo以及在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有何變動(dòng)）（6）狀語(yǔ)（表目的狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)有：）（表結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)有：）

（7）有哪些加to固定詞組：（8）有哪