2024屆新高考英語熱點精準復習-定語從句

2024屆新高考英語熱點精準復習定語從句定語從句AttributeClauseIhaveanapple.Iknowaman.用句子做定語，修飾前面的名詞簡單句Ihaveanappleanditisred.Iknowamanandheisateacher.并列句Ihaveanapplewhich/thatisred.Iknowaman

that/whoisateacher.復合句Ihaveanapple________isred.主句從句先行詞從屬連詞、連接詞、引導詞、關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的作用※①

引導從句②

在從句中作（主干）成分③

代替先行詞①

判斷句子是定語從句②

劃出先行詞③

將先行詞代入從句，看在從句中作什么成分④

根據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的成分，得出關(guān)系詞①

作主賓表→關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,as②

作狀語→關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,介詞+which③

作定語→關(guān)系形容詞whose=ofwhom/which指人：that/who/whom指物：that/which關(guān)系代詞Theman______visitedourclassyesterdayisfromchina.Heistheman______isreadingabookoverthere.Thisistheplace______wevisitedlasttime.Iknowtheman______youjusttalkedwith.c缺主語/指代人that/whothat/who缺主語/指代人that/which缺賓語/指代物缺賓語/指代人that/who/whom什么情況選關(guān)系代詞①

從句句意不完整，缺少主賓表②

先行詞等于關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞什么情況選關(guān)副詞①

從句句意完整②

關(guān)系副詞在句中做狀語③

關(guān)系副詞修飾從句中的動詞④

被動即完整Thisistheplace_________wevisitedlasttime.Thisistheplace_________wevisitedtheequipmentlasttime.及物動詞visited后缺賓語/選關(guān)系代詞/指代物that/which先行詞=關(guān)系詞句意完整/選關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)句意，指參觀設(shè)備的地方→地點狀語whereIstillrememberthetime_________wefirstmeteachother.Istillrememberthetime_________wespenttogether.及物動詞spent后缺賓語/選關(guān)系代詞/指代物when先行詞=關(guān)系詞句意完整/選關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)句意，指第一次見的時間→時間狀語that/whichThisisthereason_________shecried.Thisisthereason_________shegaveme.及物動詞gave后缺直接賓語/選關(guān)系代詞/指代物先行詞=關(guān)系詞句意完整/選關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)句意，指她哭的原因→原因狀語whywhich/that關(guān)系副詞什么情況選關(guān)副詞①

從句句意完整②

關(guān)系副詞在句中做狀語③

關(guān)系副詞修飾從句中的動詞④

被動即完整(間賓除外）Thisistheplace_________thepartywasheld.Thisisthereason_________Iwastold.told后面缺直接賓語，選關(guān)系代詞/指代物when先行詞=關(guān)系詞從句被動語態(tài)，句意完整/選關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)句意，指晚會舉行的地方→時間狀語that/whichCompareWeoftenthinkofthedays_________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.which/that先行詞在定語從句中作賓語Weoftenthinkofthedays________weworkedtogetherinthecountryside.

先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于onthedays。whenThisistheplace________heworks.Thisistheplace____________wevisitedlastyear.wherewhich/that先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語先行詞在定語從句中作賓語Thereason_______hewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Webelievethereason

__________hetoldus.先行詞在定語從句中做原因狀語whythat/which先行詞在定語從句中作賓語關(guān)系副詞——介詞+which什么情況用介詞+which一先：根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配習慣二動：根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配習慣（即固定搭配）三意義：根據(jù)定語從句的意思來選擇Isthisthehouse_______Shakespearewasborn?A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.ofwhichThisistheplace__________wevisitedtheequipmentlasttime.Thisisthereason_________shecried.borninthehouseatwhich/whereattheplace(小地點）cryforthereasonforwhich/why關(guān)系形容詞whose=ofwhich/whom①

主從句完整②

從句中有名詞屬于先行詞③

從句名詞前有the（限定詞）用of結(jié)構(gòu)；無the,用whose④

從句名詞為不定代詞或數(shù)詞，只用of結(jié)構(gòu)Ilikegirls_______hairisblackandlong.eyesarebig.voiceissweet.whoseIlikebooks_______coversareshiny.priceisreasonable.whose女孩的頭發(fā)thegirls’hair[前定]whosethehairofthegirls[后定]whom書的封面thebooks’covers[前定]whosethecoversofthebooks[后定]whichThisisthebookwhosecoverisred.=Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisred.=Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisred.Thisisthescientist____________nameisknownallovertheworld.Iknowtheperson__________housewasdestroyedintheearthquake.Helivesinaroom__________windowfacessouth.Helivesinaroom,thewindow__________facessouth.whosewhosewhoseofwhich非限定性定語從句①

代唯一的名詞②

代整個主句如：Ilikegirlswhoarebeautiful.ThisismyfriendMolly,whoisasweetgirl.引導詞※范圍大，從句縮小主句范圍唯一，從句補充說明主句限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,aswhich,who,whom,as關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,介詞+whichwhen,where,介詞+which關(guān)系形容詞whose=ofwhich/whom不變IloveChinawhichisagreatcountry.，非限定性定語從句1.意思：which這件事；as正如2.位置：which放主句后；as任意3.時間：which分先后，主句先發(fā)生，后評價as不強調(diào)先后，把主句當成事實which,as的區(qū)別如：____weallknow,theearthisround.Theyfoundthemurder,_______surprisedme.Aswhich一、that和

which用法的區(qū)別(1)先行詞為表示“物”的all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,little,much，some,theone,none等不定代詞時。Iamsureshehassomething_____

youcanborrow.(2)先行詞被和不定代詞有關(guān)的詞all,every,some,any，one,few,any,no,little,much等修飾時。I’vereadallthebooks_____youlendme.1、能用that不用which的情況(that)(that)Doyouhaveanything_____youdon’tunderstand?(that)Pleasesendusanyinformation_____youhaveaboutthesubject.(that)(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時，指物只能用that。Thisisthefirstboy_________________shehasmet.(who/that/whom)Itisthemostbeautifulcity_____I’veeverseen.（that）(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast強調(diào)修飾時，指物時只能用that。Thisistheverybook

_____

belongstohim.thatHeistheonlyperson__________waspresentatthetime.that/whoShe'sthefirstperson___________

expressedloveformywriting.who/that主句是以which/who開頭的疑問句時。

Who

isthegirl_____

drovethecar?

whichisthehotel_____hestayedinlastnight?(7)主句以therebe,且先行詞表示“物”引導時。

Therearemorethan4000houses_____weredestroyedintheearthquake.(5)先行詞既有人又有物時。Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcastarepopularwiththestudents.thatthatthat

that(8)先行詞是主句的表語，而關(guān)系詞也在從句里做表語時,不管先行詞是人還是物。Heisnolongertheboy__________heusedtobe.(that)(9)有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個用that。Theysecretlybuiltasmallfactorywhichproducedthings_______couldcausepollution.Chinaisn’tthecountry_______itusedtobe.

(that)

that(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）。Therearemanytrees

__________theycanhavearest.=Therearemanytrees___________theycanhavearestunder.2、只用which不用that的情況(2)

在非限制性定語從句中(可以修飾一個先行詞，也可以修飾整個句子)。

Thisishishouse,

______is50yearsold.(代替house)Tomwaslate,_____madehisteacherangry.(代替整個句子)underwhichwhichthat/whichwhichTheman_________youspokewasascientist.towhom(3)有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一用which。HeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeand_______couldhelphimtokilltime.

which(4)當先行詞是that時。Theclockisthat______tellsthetime.

which二、只用who的情況One______hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Theones_______laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.Anyone_______failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.Those________wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere.Heisthevery

oneofthestudents_______passedthetest.(優(yōu)先考慮one這個表示人的代詞)先行詞是表示人的代詞one,ones,anyone,anybody,nobody,none,

those時whowhowhowhowho3.在therebe/live句型里，如果先行詞是表示人，關(guān)系詞用who.(1)Thereisayoungmanoutside_________asksforyou.外面有個想見你的年輕人(2)Therelivedaking__________wasunkindtohispeople.從前有個對臣民不好的國王whowho三，定語從句的主謂一致原則1.I,who____anEnglishteacher,likelisteningtolightmusic.2.Heisoneofthestudentswho_______(like)seeingfilms.他是其中的一個喜歡看電影學生3.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______(like)

seeingfilms.他是唯一一個喜歡看電影的學生amlikelikes4.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe__writerswho___storiesforchildren.Awoman,writesBwomen,writeCwomen,writesDwoman,writeCExercise1.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,

whichand

that.1)

Theman______________Isawtoldmetowait.2)Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.(whom/who/that)that3)Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.4)Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.5)Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.thatwhosethat2.CorrectthesentencesThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.that

2)TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.去掉it3)ItwasameetingthatimportanceIdidn'trealizeatthattime.whose4)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhosewasveryreasonable.

which5.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.that

1.AheadofmeIsawawoman