Unit+3+Discovering+Useful+Structures高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

新人教版高中英語必修二Unit3TheInternet

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLearningobjectives:Afterlearningthisclass,you’reableto...1.learntheformofPresentperfectpassivevoice.2.knowhowtousePresentperfectpassivevoiceinaspecificsituation.3.WriteablogtodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofInternet.TomcatchesJerry.JerryiscaughtbyTom.一個(gè)內(nèi)容兩種說法從動(dòng)作發(fā)出者角度從動(dòng)作承受者角度主動(dòng)說法被動(dòng)說法主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)選擇哪一種呢？關(guān)鍵看強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象和角度被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾個(gè)概念Tom

catches

Jerry.Jerry

iscaughtbyTom.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者動(dòng)作動(dòng)作的承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中由______引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。byby有“通過，被”的意思被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式觀察下列被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子，圈出表示被動(dòng)含義的謂語部分。Thetreesareplantedbythevolunteers.Disneylandisenjoyedbymillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thewastewaterispouredintotheriverbythechemicalfactory.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式:be+p.p.（動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）主動(dòng)語態(tài)如何轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)？BYYUSHENTalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendoneReadthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.BYYUSHEN現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.present(now)futurepast表示說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作或結(jié)果，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。BYYUSHENHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?Fillintheblank.have/hasbeen+v-ed主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語by的賓語賓語主語

謂語由主動(dòng)被動(dòng)“三不變”原句意思不變?cè)鋾r(shí)態(tài)不變?cè)渲髦^賓以外成分不變TalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendoneBYYUSHEN現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)形式肯定形式：Hishomeworkhasbeenfinished.否定形式：Hishomeworkhasnotbeenfinished.一般疑問句:Hashishomeworkbeenfinishedyet?特殊疑問句：Howlonghashishomeworkbeenfinished?主語+have/hasbeendone...主語+have/hasnotbeendone...have/has+主語+beendone...?疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone...?BYYUSHEN現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法Theletter

(post)already.Manyhouses

(build)forthepoorsofar.hasbeenpostedhavebeenbuilt用法1:強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，主語和謂語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通常與already,yet,just,never,recently等副詞連用Activity1BYYUSHENThemachine

(repair)fortwohoursbutitstilldoesn’twork.Papermoney__(use)forover50years.用法2:表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。hasbeenrepairedhasbeenusedBYYUSHENYoushouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomework____________________(finish).Everyonewillfeelextremelydelightedifhe___________________(admit)toSouthChinaNormalUniversity.hasbeenadmittedhasbeenfinished用法3:用在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用注意1.與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。1.Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年這個(gè)公園向公眾開放。（說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去）2.Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.這個(gè)公園已向公眾開放。（說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)向公眾開放了）2.

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join

等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能和一段時(shí)間狀語連用。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.這項(xiàng)工作于兩周前被完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.

這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)被完成。3.

短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性，不可以省略動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞或副詞。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.據(jù)說已經(jīng)調(diào)查了這個(gè)問題。4.

注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即have/has

和been，兩者缺一不可。5.帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，若將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞短語。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).6.

帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)。注意：原來省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)to要加回去。Ihavetoldthemtotaketheiridentitycards.--Theyhavebeentoldtotaketheiridentitycards.(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.7.副詞的位置：often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間8.

只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，但不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都是如此，如某些表示狀態(tài)或表示關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞或短語只有主動(dòng)語態(tài)，而無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：cost(花費(fèi)),

fit(適合),have(有),hold(容納),lack(缺乏),own(占有),suit(適合),fail(失敗),last(持續(xù)),happen(發(fā)生),occur(發(fā)生),takeplace(發(fā)生),breakout(爆發(fā)),belongto(屬于),agreewith(同意)e.g.

(1)TaiwanbelongstoChina.(2)Thecoatcostme￥300.1.We’vedonealotofworkonit,butwe_______________(finish)yet.2.Tom________________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.3.Morepublictransport_____________(build)inChina,makingiteasierforpeopletotravel.4.Progress_________(be)sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.5._____________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.havenotfinishedhasbeenworkinghasbeenbuilthasbeenHavingeaten高考鏈接6.Noagreement____________(reach)yesterdayaftermanyroundsoftalks.7.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_______________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.8.I________________(show)aroundtheWaterCubeformanytimessinceitwasbuilt.9._________________(show)aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.wasreachedhasbeenreachedhavebeenshownHavingbeenshownExercises一、用動(dòng)詞正確形式填空。1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI___________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_____________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.5.I____________________(put)intospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.has

developedhave

been

told

have

been

used

have

been

foundbeenputhelphave

evenbeenput

語法填空(用所給詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)填空)LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents6.

(work)inYushuforyears.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?LinTao：Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake7.

(happen)，manysoldiers8.

(send)there，andmanykindsofsupplies(物資供應(yīng))9.

(carry)therefromalloverthecountry.Now，mostpeoplethere10.

(live)ahappy