2022-2023學(xué)年北京市朝陽區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版）

北京市朝陽區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測

高三英語

本試卷共io頁。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.ThenIgrewless

trustingandquitted]anyexcuse.Whenthestudentsatmynewschooldidn'tfinishhomework,Ineverasked

why.Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.Isoongainedthe2IthoughtI

wanted.

Oneday,Anthonyapproachedme."CouldItalktoyou?^^heasked3."Iknowyousaidnoexcuse,butI

don'twantyoutothinkI'm4becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.^^Hethenlookedupatmeforthe

firsttime."It'sjustthat...mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhavetolookaftermylittlebrothers.

Often,theycryalot,andit'shardformeto5...”

Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn'ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.SoIchangedthe6.

“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?^^

Henoddedhard.

Anthonybecamethefirststudentinmyafter-schoolstudysession.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,

followedbySandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofstudents.Theirstorieswerenotamusing,butallvery

7:

?Thepowercompany8ourlightsbecausewecouldn'tpaythebill.

,Mydadsaysschoolworkisjustawasteoftime.

,Wedonihaveanypaperinthehouse.

Ithusdiscoverednotallkidscomefromfamiliesthatare9.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadesk

andstudylight.Somedon'tevenhavehome.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat"I'lllisten"10betterthan

“Noexcuse!”

1.A.inventingB.findingC.acceptingD.offering

2.A.reputationB.benefitC.experienceD.praise

3.A.loudlyB.shylyC.curiouslyD.eagerly

4.A.poorB.meanC.lazyD.weak

5.A.behaveB.concentrateC.struggleD.compete

6.A.questionB.tuneC.processD.thought

7.A.complexB.movingC.coolD.real

8A.brokedownB.putoutC.cutoffD.shutout

9.A.disciplinedB.peacefulC.traditionalD.supportive

10.A.worksB.feelsC.understandsD.controls

【答案】l.C2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.D8.C9.D10.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者作為老師，對任何沒有交作業(yè)的學(xué)生都不接受理由，但是安東尼

改變了她，讓她開始學(xué)會傾聽學(xué)生，也意識到傾聽比不讓孩子找借口更有效。

【1題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我變得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A.inventing發(fā)明；B.finding發(fā)

現(xiàn)；C.accepting接受；D.offering提供。根據(jù)上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinished

homework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故選C。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很快就獲得了我認(rèn)為我想要的聲譽(yù)。A.reputation名聲，名譽(yù)；B.benefit益處，

好處；C.experience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)；D.praise表揚(yáng)。根據(jù)上文"Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazeroin

thegradebook.”推知，學(xué)生不完成作業(yè)的情況有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老師”的聲譽(yù)。故選

A。

【3題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我能和你談?wù)剢幔俊彼π叩貑枴.loudly大聲地；B.shyly害羞地；C.curiously

好奇地；D.eagerly迫切地。根據(jù)下文“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework."可知，男孩常常沒有完

成作業(yè)，因此和老師說話時(shí)應(yīng)該是害羞的。故選B。

【4題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我知道你說沒有借口，但我不想讓你認(rèn)為我很懶，因?yàn)槲医?jīng)常不帶作業(yè)來。”

A.poor貧窮的,可憐的；B.mean吝嗇的;C.lazy懶惰的；D.weak虛弱的，差的。根據(jù)“becauseIoftencome

withoutmyhomework."推知，男孩不希望作者因?yàn)樗３２蛔鲎鳂I(yè)就認(rèn)為他懶惰。故選C。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我媽媽晚上工作，所以我必須照顧我的小弟弟。他

們經(jīng)?？?，我很難集中注意力"A.behave舉止；B.concentrate集中注意力；C.struggle掙扎：D.compete

競爭。根據(jù)"Often,theycryalot”可知，弟弟們的哭聲讓男孩很難集中注意力。故選B。

【6題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我改變了問題。A.question問題；B.tune調(diào)子;C.process進(jìn)程，過程；D.thought

想法。根據(jù)上文aIwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn'ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy."和下文"Would

ithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”可知，作者改變了自己原本打算問男孩

的問題。故選A。

【7題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她們的故事不再令人發(fā)笑，所有的都非常真實(shí)。A.complex復(fù)雜的；B.moving

令人感動的；C.cool酷的，涼爽的；D.real真的。呼應(yīng)上文"Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinished

homework”可知，現(xiàn)在孩子們沒有完成作業(yè)的原因都是真實(shí)的。故選D。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲覀兏恫黄鹳~單，電力公司把我們的燈關(guān)掉了。A.brokedown出故障；B.put

oul熄滅；C.cutoff切斷；D.shutout把...關(guān)在門外。根據(jù)"becausewe'/pay”可知，因?yàn)?/p>

付不起電費(fèi)，所以電力公司切斷電源，即關(guān)了燈。故選C。

【9題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我發(fā)現(xiàn)并非所有的孩子都來自可以給與他們幫助的家庭。A.disciplined

遵守紀(jì)律的；B.peaceful和平的；C.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；D.supportive給與幫助的，支持的。根據(jù)下文“Notall

kidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon'tevenhavehome.,r推知，并非所有的孩子都來

自可以給他們的學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助的家庭。故選D。

【10題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，我學(xué)會了“我會傾聽”比“沒有借口”更有效!A.works工作，起

作用，湊效；B.feels感覺；C.understands理解；D.controls控制。根據(jù)上文講述的故事可知，作者規(guī)定學(xué)

生不能為沒有完成作業(yè)找借口，后來通過傾聽，孩子們告訴了作者真實(shí)的原因，而不再是亂編的謊話。由

此可知，作者認(rèn)為“我會傾聽”比“沒有接口”更有效。故選A。

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

EdwardO.Wilson,the“modern-dayCharlesDarwin”,damagedhisrighteyewhenhe11(catch)a

fishintherivernearhishomeatseven.Thepooreyesightonlyallowedhimtoobservesmall12(creature)

likeants.Interestedintheselflessnessofants,whichwouldsacrificethemselvesfortheircolony(群體)，Wilson

developedatheory,13(confirm)theexistenceofaltruistic(利他的)behaviorinawiderangeofspecies.It

madehiminfluentialasbothacloseobserverandapioneeringtheorist.

【答案】11.caught

12.creatures

13.confirming

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，介紹了EdwardWilson雖然小時(shí)候右眼受損，但是這使他成為一位密切的觀察者

和一位開拓性的理論家。

[11題詳解】

考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：七歲時(shí)在家附近河里抓魚時(shí)，右眼受損。分析句子可知，空格處為時(shí)間狀語從句

的謂語部分，根據(jù)下文“atseven”可知從句謂語動詞應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填caught。

【12題詳解】

考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：視力差只能讓他觀察螞蟻這樣的小生物。分析句子可知，空格處為句子賓語，

名詞creature是可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填creatures。

【13題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：威爾遜對螞蟻的無私感興趣，因?yàn)槲浵仌樽约旱闹趁竦貭奚约海岢隽艘?/p>

個(gè)理論，證實(shí)了在廣泛的物種中存在利他行為。分析句子可知，空格處為非謂語動詞，和它的邏輯主語之

間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填con行rming。

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Researchontherelationshipbetweengratitude(感恩)andphysicalhealthisstillexploring.Theevidenceof

existingstudies14(suggest)thattheremaybeaconnection.Itappearsthatmoregratefulpeoplereport

sleepingbetterandfeeling15(healthy).Besides,gratitudemayleadpeopletoengageinbehaviorsthathelp

keepthemhealthy,likenotsmoking.Nowresearchersstillneedtomakeitclear16gratitudeissogoodfor

ourhealth.

【答案】14.suggests

15.healthier

16.whether##if

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了有證據(jù)表明感恩與身體健康之間可能存在關(guān)系。

【14題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：現(xiàn)有研究的證據(jù)表明可能存在關(guān)聯(lián)。分析句子可知，空格處缺少謂語動詞，

根據(jù)句意可知，句子陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“evidence”意為“證據(jù)”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故空

格處應(yīng)用"suggest”的三單形式“suggests”。故填suggests。

【15題詳解】

考查形容詞比較級。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感覺更健康。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)

用形容詞，作表語，根據(jù)句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人進(jìn)行比較，感恩的人睡得更

好，感覺更健康，故空格處應(yīng)用“healthy”的比較級“healthier”。故填healthier。

【16題詳解】

考查賓語從句。句意：現(xiàn)在，研究人員仍然需要弄清楚感恩對我們的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，

句子為賓語從句，“it”作形式賓語，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)從句，作真正的賓語，根據(jù)句意可知，研究人需要弄

清楚的是感恩對我們的健康是否有益,應(yīng)用“whether”或“if”引導(dǎo)從句，意為“是否二故填whether/if。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

OnOctober12th,Shenzhou-14crewmembersgavealiveclasstothestudentsonEarth.Duringtheclass,the

crewshowedthestudentsascienceglove-box,17theplantsexperimentsareperformed.Then,the

astronautshadreal-timeinteractionswithstudents18videocallsandtheyansweredstudents'questions

like“Whatkindsofplants19(bring)tospaceinfuturespaceflights?^^Attheendoftheclass,thecrewsaid,

“Weexpectyouguys2()(build)ourspacehomebetterinthefuture.”

【答案】17.where

18.through

19.willbebrought

20.tobuild

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講述神舟14號機(jī)組人員給地球上的學(xué)生們上的一堂直播課。

【17題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：在課堂上，工作人員向?qū)W生們展示了一個(gè)科學(xué)手套箱，在那里進(jìn)行植物實(shí)驗(yàn)?？仗?/p>

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是ascienceglove-box,從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故

填whereo

【18題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：然后，宇航員通過視頻通話與學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)互動，并回答學(xué)生的問題，如“未來的太空

飛行將把什么樣的植物帶到太空？”結(jié)合句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處填介詞through“通過"，throughvideo

calls”通過視頻電話”。故填through。

【19題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意同上?？仗帪榫渥又^語動詞，根據(jù)infuturespacellights可知此處描述將來發(fā)生的事情，

且主語plants和bring之間為被動關(guān)系，故用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填willbebroughto

【20題詳解】

考查不定式。句意：在課程結(jié)束時(shí)，神舟全體人員說：“我們希望你們將來能把我們的太空家園建得更好J

結(jié)合句意表達(dá)“期待某人做某事”用expecisb.iodosth.,不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故填iobuild。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

WithmanyChickenSoupfortheSoulbooksindevelopment,wearealwayslookingfornewtalent.Sowhether

youarearegularcontributorornewtoourfamily,pleaseshareyourstorieswithus.

Hereistherecipeforsubmission.

StoryGuidelines

?Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow.

?Thestoryshouldstart“intheaction“anddrawinthereader.Donotstartyourstorywithanintroductionabout

whatyouaregoingtosay.

?Don'ttryfancymoveswithtenses.Writinginthepresenttenseaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepast

rarelyworks.

,Keepyourstorywithin1200words.Tighten!

Tipsaboutsubmitting

Theonlywaytosubmityourstoriesistodoitonourwebsite.Amessage,44Thankyou!Yourinformationhas

beenreceived”,istheonlyconfirmationofyoursubmission.Thereisnoemailfromus.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,

pleasewriteto:webmaster@chickensouD.

Therearemanytopicsineachofourbooks.Ifyouhaveastorythatyouthinkfitstwoofthetopics,youmay

submitittoboth.Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstoriesyoumaysubmitforeachbook.

Afterpublication

Ifyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedtosignourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.

Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininany

futurebookorourotherproducts.

Afteryourstoryispublished,youwillreceivetenfreecopiesofthebookyourstoryappearsin.Youwillbe

entitledtobuycasesofyourbooksathalfprice.Youwillalsoreceiveourmonthlynewsletterwithadvancenoticeof

newbooks.

21.WhatkindofstoryislikelytobeacceptedbyChickenSoupfortheSoul?

A.Astorywithanintroduction.B.Astoryofone'sownexperience.

C.Astorywithmorethan1200words.D.Astorywritteninthepresenttense.

22.Whatcanwelearnaboutstorysubmission?

A.Youcansubmityourstoriesbyemail.

B.Astorycanjustbesubmittedtoonetopic.

C.Youcansubmitmanystoriestothesamebook.

D.Anemailwillbesentforasuccessfulsubmission.

23.Ifyourstoryispublished,youwill.

A.loseitsofficialownershipB.obtainfuturebooksinadvance

C.getfreecasesofyourbooksD.approveofitsfuturepublication

【答案】21.B22.C23.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。一家出版商正在尋找心靈雞湯故事，文章也介紹了遞交內(nèi)容、遞交方法以及出

版事宜。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"StoryGuidelines''中的第一句"Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappened

toyouorsomeoneyouknow.（講述一個(gè)發(fā)生在你或你認(rèn)識的人身上的感人故事。）“可知，關(guān)于自己和朋友的

故事更有可能被《心靈雞湯》接受。故選B項(xiàng)。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Tipsaboutsubmitting”中第二段最后?一句"Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstories

youmaysubmitforeachbook.（此外，你可以為每本書提交的故事數(shù)量沒有限制。）”可知，你可以遞交許多

故事給同一本書。故選C項(xiàng)。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Afterpublication"中第一段uIfyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedto

signourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougive

ustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininanyfuturebookorourotherproducts.（如果您的故事被選中發(fā)表,您

將被要求簽署我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)許可發(fā)布協(xié)議。這意味著你保留你的故事的所有權(quán)，但你給了我們出版它的權(quán)利，

并在未來的任何書籍或我們的其他產(chǎn)品中再次使用它。）”可知，當(dāng)你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了

你的故事未來被出版。故選D項(xiàng)。

B

AsaPh.D.studentinanewcountry,lockdownandhomesicknesscombinedtoleavemefeelinglonelyand

desperatetomeetpeople.TofindtheconnectionsIwasmissing,Isearchedforopportunitiesthatwouldinvolve

teamworkasavolunteerontheInternet.Apositionmatchinggraduatestudentswithjobsdrewmyattention.It

neededsomeonewhowouldleadteamsofgraduatestudentvolunteerstohelpbringinindustrypartners,andwork

withtheuniversityadministrationandstudentapplicants.Thechancestointeractwithallthesedifferentgroupswere

appealing.Ihadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,butIstilldecidedImightaswellgo

foritandapply.

Thefirstfewweeksinmynewrolewerechallenging.Alongwithmyroutinestudy,Iwassuddenlymanaginga

teamoffourvolunteersandmeetingswithindustryprofessionals.Atfirst,Iwasnervousinmeetingswiththem,

feelingIwasn'tpreparedenough.ButasIgainedexperience,theinteractionsbecametrulyenjoyableandrewarding.

Sometimestheconversationswentbeyondregularbusinesstotouchoncareerpaths,personalchallenges,andmore.

Ibegantoenjoythedailymixofactivities.

Ialsolearnedaboutleadership.Atthestart,thingsseemedtogowelluntiloneofmyteammemberstoldmeI

wasn'tincludingherfullyindecision-making.1wasupset;didn'tshetrustmyleadership?ButafterIcalmeddown,I

sawthatmaybeshehadapoint.SoIbegantoaskteammemberstoleadsomeofourmeetingsandencouragedthem

toexpresstheirviews.Thisnewapproachallowedustomeetourtargetswhilehelpingeveryonefeelmorecontent

andconnected一ascolleagues,butalsoasfriends.

Beyondbuildingrelationshipsandskills,thisexperienceexpandedmyhorizonsaboutmyownprofessional

future.BeforeIjoined,Ihadonlybeenexposedtoacademiccareerpaths,andIassumedthatwasmyfuture.Now

I'verealizedIparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffectingthelivesofothers.AsIgetclosertocompleting

myPh.D.,I'mapproachingjobsearcheswithagoodideaofwhatIwant.

24.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoapplyforthevolunteerwork?

A.Therelevancetoherstudy.B.Thelongingforafamily.

CThedesireforsocialcontact.D.Thepreviousworkexperience.

25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'svolunteerwork?

A.Itdrivesherawayfromherstudy.B.Itteachesherhowtoconductbusiness.

C.Itallowshertoadjustherattitudetolifeandcareer.D.Ithelpsheridentifytheprofessionalpaths.

26.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthoris.

A.opentonewchallengesB.proudofacademicsuccess

C.bravetoovercomeprejudiceD.demandingofgroupmembers

【答案】24.C25.C26.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在異國讀博生涯中，勇于挑戰(zhàn)自己，嘗試從未做過的工作，最終豐

富了自己的閱歷，開闊了自己的視野。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第第一句和第二句"AsaPh.D.studentinanewcountry,lockdownand

homesicknesscombinedtoleavemefeelinglonelyanddesperatetomeetpeople.TofindtheconnectionsIwas

missing,IsearchedforopportunitiesthatwouldinvolveteamworkasavolunteerontheInternet."（在異國他鄉(xiāng)攻

讀博士，疫情封控和思鄉(xiāng)之情使我感覺非常孤獨(dú)，迫切想要和人們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。為了找尋我缺失的聯(lián)系，我

在網(wǎng)上尋找可以作為志愿者參與團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的機(jī)會。）可知，疫情封控和身處異鄉(xiāng)使得作者與社會脫節(jié)，他為

了重新與社會獲得聯(lián)系，他決定申請志愿者工作。故選C項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句第三句"BeforeIjoined,1hadonlybeenexposedtoacademiccareerpaths,andI

assumedthatwasmyfuture.NowI,verealizedIparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffectingthelivesof

others."（在我加入之前，我只接觸過學(xué)術(shù)職業(yè)道路，并認(rèn)為那就是我的未來?，F(xiàn)在我意識到我特別喜歡成

為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員并影響他人的生活。）說明作者做了這份工作后，對待生活和職業(yè)的態(tài)度發(fā)生很大的變化，變

得更加積極，更加開放。故選C項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Ihadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,butIstill

decidedImightaswellgoforitandapply."（我沒有相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也擔(dān)心會干擾自己的學(xué)習(xí)，但我還是決定去

試一下。）說明作者沒有害怕未知的工作，結(jié)合第三段第一句“l(fā)ais。learnedaboutleadership."（我也學(xué)到了

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。）說明作者勇于嘗試新鮮事物，樂于學(xué)習(xí)，證明作者是一個(gè)勇于接受挑戰(zhàn)的人。故選A項(xiàng)。

C

Finlandwasknownasaratherquietcountry.Since2008,theCountryBrandDelegation（國家品牌代表團(tuán)）has

beenlookingforanationalbrandthatwouldmakesomenoisetomarketthecountryasaworld-famoustourist

destination.In2010,theDelegationissueda''CountryBrandReport,55whichhighlightedahostofmarketablethemes,

includingFinland,sfamouseducationalsystem.Onekeythemewasbrandnew:silence.Asthereportexplained,

modernsocietyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy."Silenceisaresource,itsaid.

Silencefirstappearedinscientificresearchasacontrolorbaseline,againstwhichscientistscomparetheeffects

ofnoiseormusic.Researchershavemainlystudieditbyaccident,asphysicianLucianoBernardididinhisstudyof

thephysiological（生理學(xué)）effectsofmusic.t4Wedidn'tthinkabouttheeffectofsilence/5hesaid.Bernardiobserved

twodozentestsubjectswhiletheylistenedtosixmusicaltracks.Hefoundthattheimpactsofmusiccouldberead

directlyinthebloodstream,viachangesinbloodpressure,carbondioxide,andcirculationinthebrain."During

almostallsortsofmusic,therewasaphysiologicalchangewithaconditionofarousal（興奮）Jheexplained.

Thiseffectmadesense,giventhatactivelisteningrequiresattention.Butthemorestrikingfindingappeared

betweenmusicaltracks.Bernardiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatrandomlyaddedstretchesofsilencealsohada

greateffect,butintheoppositedirection.Infact,two-minutesilentpausesprovedfarmorerelaxingthaneither

“relaxing“musicoralongersilenceplayedbeforetheexperimentstarted.TheblankpausesthatBernardihad

consideredirrelevant,inotherwords,becamethemostinterestingobjectofstudy.Silenceseemedtobeheightened

bycontrasts,maybebecauseitgavetestsubjectsareleasefromcarefulattention."Perhapsthearousalissomething

thatconcentratesthemindinonedirection,sothatwhenthereisnothingmorearousing,thenyouhavedeeper

relaxation,hesaid.

Thisfindingisreinforcedbyneurological（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的）research.Relevantresearchshowswhenourbrainsrest

quietly,theyintegrateexternalandinternalinformationinto"aconscious（意識的）workspace."Freedomfromnoise

andgoal-directedtasks,itappears,unitesthequietwithoutandwithin,allowingourconsciousworkspacetodoits

thingtodiscoverwherewefitin.

NooraVikman,aconsultantonsilencefbrFinland'smarketers,knowssilencewell.Livinginaremoteandquiet

placeinFinland,shediscoversthoughtsandfeelingsthataren'tdetectableinherbusydailylife.uIfyouwanttoknow

yourself,youhavetobewithyourself,anddiscusswithyourselfandbeabletotalkwithyourself.”

27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCountryBrandReportinParagraph1?

A.TopresenthowFinlandviewedsilence.

B.TohighlighttheneedofnoiseinFinland.

C.lbexplainwhyFinlandissuedthebrands.

D.ToindicatetheauthorityoftheDelegation.

28.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLucianoBernardi'sdiscovery?

A.Itchallengedthecalmingeffectofmusic.

B.Itemphasizedtheroleofsilencebetweensounds.

C.Itillustratedthelossofattentivenessaftersilence.

D.Itstatedbrains1infonnationprocessinginthequiet.

29.AsforNooraVikman'sattitudetosilence,theauthoris

AdoubtfulB.supportiveC.disapprovingD.unconcerned

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Silence:ALimitedResourceB.Silence:AMisunderstoodTool

C.Silence:TheUnexpectedPowerD.Silence:TheValuebyContrasts

【答案】27.A28.B29.B30.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要以“安靜的狀態(tài)有著意想不到的力量”為話題，詳細(xì)講述了研究人員

對其重要作用的研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)，且通過人們的真實(shí)感受強(qiáng)調(diào)了安靜給人帶來的出人意料的好處。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，首句"Finlandwasknownasaralherquietcountry.（芬蘭是一個(gè)相當(dāng)

安靜的國家。）”為該段的主旨句，由此可推知，“In2010,theDelegationissueda"CountryBrandReport,“which

highlightedahostofmarketablethemes,includingFinland'sfamouseducationalsystem.Onekeythemewasbrand

new:silence.（2010年，代表團(tuán)發(fā)布了一份“國家品牌報(bào)告”，其中突出了一系列適銷對路的主題，包括芬蘭

著名的教育體系。一個(gè)關(guān)鍵主題是全新的：安靜。）”中提到的關(guān)鍵主題為“安靜”，是為該段的主旨句提供

論據(jù)，突出“安靜”是芬蘭的主題之一，因此它的作用是通過權(quán)威發(fā)布而展示芬蘭如何看待安靜。故選A

項(xiàng)。

【28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Silenceseemedtobeheightenedbycontrasts,maybebecauseitgavetest

subjectsareleasefromcarefulattention.'Perhapsthearousalissomethingthatconcentratesthemindinonedirection,

sothatwhenthereisnothingmorearousing,thenyouhavedeeperrelaxation,（hesaid.（安靜彳以乎在對比中得到了

加強(qiáng)，也許是因?yàn)樗寽y試對象從仔細(xì)的關(guān)注中得到了釋放。他說：“也許這種興奮是一種將思想集中在一

個(gè)方向上的東西，所以當(dāng)沒有更多的興奮時(shí)，你會有更深的放松「）”可知，通過研究，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了安靜作為

聲音間隔時(shí)對測試對象有很大的影響，與聲音對比下的安靜反而讓人有更深的放松。由此可推知，他的發(fā)

現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了安靜在聲音之間的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾部分作者引用NooraVikman的話“Ifyouwanttoknowyourself,youhavetobewith

yourself,anddiscusswithyourself,andbeabletotalkwithyourself.（如果你想了解自己，你必須和自己在一起，

和自己討論，并且能夠和自己交談。）”可知，NooraVikman通過住在一個(gè)偏僻安靜的地方親身感受到了安

靜獨(dú)處才能認(rèn)識自己，找至自己，這是與作者上一段的論述“Freedomfromnoiseandgoal-directedtasks,it

appears,unitesthequietwithoutandwithin,allowingourconsciousworkspacetodoitsthingtodiscoverwherewe

fitin.（似乎，遠(yuǎn)離噪音和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的任務(wù)，將內(nèi)外的寧靜結(jié)合在一起，讓我們有意識的工作空間去發(fā)現(xiàn)我們

適合的地方。）”相一致。由此可推知，對于NooraVikman對安靜的態(tài)度，作者是支持贊同的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章首段末尾通過引述的方法揭示了文章的主旨，“Asthereportexplained,

modernsocietyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy.4Silenceisaresource/itsaid.（正如報(bào)告所解釋的那樣，現(xiàn)

代社會似乎常常喧鬧繁忙到令人無法忍受?！鞍察o是一種資源，”它說。）"，即，文章主要圍繞“安靜是一種

資源”這一話題進(jìn)行講述，并在后文段落通過介紹相關(guān)研究及真人實(shí)例的感受強(qiáng)調(diào)了安靜的強(qiáng)大力量。選

項(xiàng)C“Silence:TheUnexpectedPower（安靜：沒有料想到的力量）”貼合主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Afewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.

Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethe

fishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure'ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesan

interestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?

Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish's.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuingan

ultimatetheoryofeverything-onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplainevery

aspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnected

theories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconcept

maybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatour

sensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey（傳達(dá)）informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefis

calledrealism.

Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayof

today'spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivingin

asimulated（模擬的）virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjust

computer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If-likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcould

notobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.

Similarly,thegoldfish'sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselight

bendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbe

observedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe（框

架）ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotion

ofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish'sviewasa

reasonablepictureofreality.

Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemploying

differentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferent

theoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist'straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesit

correspondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"distorted“inParagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Original.B.Accurate.C.Distant.D.False.

32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?

A.Theneedforacompletetheory.B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.

C.Theexistenceofthematerialworld.D.Theconventionalinsightofreality.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Nature5smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.

B.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.

C.People'stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.

D.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.

34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagre