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名校2023版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精
讀含答案
Migratory(遷徙的)birdsaredeclininggloballybecauseofthe
waythathumanshavechangedthelandscapeoverrecent
decades—accordingtonewresearchfromtheUniversityof
EastAnglia(UEA).
Anewstudypublishedtodayrevealsthatpopulationdeclines
havebeengreatestamongspeciesthatmigratetoareaswith
morehumaninfrastructure—roads,buildings,powerlines,
windturbines(渦輪機(jī))一aswellasmorepopulationand
huntinglevels.
Dr.JamesGilroy,fromUEA'sSchoolofEnvironmental
Sciences,said,“Weknowthatmigratorybirdsareingreater
declinethannon-migratoryspecies,butit'snotclearwhy.We
wanttofindoutwhereintheirlifecyclesthesemigratoryspecies
aremostexposedtohumanimpacts.”
Theresearchteamidentified16human-inducedthreatsto
migratorybirds,includinginfrastructureassociatedwithbird
disturbanceandimpacts,transformationoflandfromnatural
habitattohumanlanduse,andclimatechange.Advancesin
satelliteimageryallowedtheteamtomapeachofthe16threats
acrossEurope,AfricaandWesternAsia.Theteamalsocreated
thefirsteverlarge-scalemapofhuntingpressureacrossthe
region.Atotalof103speciesofmigratingbirdswerestudied,
includingmanyrapidlydecliningspeciesliketheturtledoveand
thecommoncuckoo,usinglarge-scaledatasets.Theteam
calculatedthreatscoresforfactorssuchashabitatlossand
climatechange,acrossbreedinglocations,aswellas
non-breedingranges.Theythenexploredtherelationships
betweenthesethreatscoresandbirdpopulationtrends
calculatedfrom1985to2018bythePan-EuropeanCommon
BirdMonitoringScheme(PECBMS).
Dr.AldinaFranco,alsofromUEA'sSchoolofEnvironmental
Sciences,said,"Ourfindingsareimportantbecauseweneedto
understandwheredecliningspeciesarebeingmostimpactedby
humansacrosstheirseasonalmigrations.Locatingwherebirds
aremostexposedtothesethreatscouldhelpustarget
conservationactions/1
12.Whatcausesmigratorybirdstodecrease?
A.Alongermigratoryroute.B.Seriousindustrialpollution.
C.Illegalhuntingfromhumans.D.Thechangingoflandscape.
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"infrastructure”in
paragraph2referto?
A.Basicsystemsandservices.B.Localtransportation.
C.Internetfacilities.D.Powersupplies.
14.Whatdoesparagraph4talkabout?
A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thepromiseofthestudy.
C.Theprocessofthestudy.D.Thedatabaseofthestudy.
15.Whatisthepurposeofstudyingmigratorybirdsaccordingto
Dr.AldinaFranco?
A.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingbirds.
BToofferadvicetodoconservationworkprecisely.
C.Tostressthenecessityofincreasingbirdpopulation.
DTostatetheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnature.
【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B
Researchershavedevelopedanewmethodfortraining
peopletobecreative,onethatshowspromiseofsucceedingfar
betterthancurrentwaysofinspiringcreativity.
Thisnewmethod,basedonnarrative(敘述的)theory,helps
peoplebecreativeinthewaychildrenandartistsarebymaking
upstoriesthatimaginealternativeworlds,changeperspective
andgenerateunexpectedactions.
“Thenarrativemethodworksbyrecognizingthatwe'reall
creative/7saidAngusFletcher,whodevelopedthemethodand
isaprofessorofEnglishandamemberoftheOhioState
University'sProjectNarrative."Weasasocietycompletely
undervaluethecreativityofkidsandmanyothersbecausewe
areaddictedtotheideathatsomepeoplearemorecreative
thanothers.”
Thenarrativemethodoftrainingforcreativityusesmanyof
thetechniquesthatwritersusetocreatestories.Oneisto
developnewworldsinyourmind.Forexample,employeesata
companymightbeaskedtoimagineaworldinwhichalltheir
customersarelikethat.Anothertechniqueis
perspective-changing.Anemployermightbeaskedtoanswera
problembythinkinglikeanothermemberoftheirteam.
“Creativityisn'taboutguessingthefuturecorrectly.Itzs
aboutmakingyourselfopentoimaginingcompletelydifferent
possibilities,Fletchersaid."Whenyoudothat,youcan
respondmorequicklyandflexiblytothechangesthatdooccur.”
Fletcherandhisteamarealsocontinuingtoworkwithnew
organizations,suchastheWorthingtonLocalSchoolDistrictin
Ohio.
"It'sbettertohireadiversegroupofpeopleandthentrain
themtobecreative.Thatcreatesaculturewhichrecognizesthat
therearealreadycreativepeopleinyourorganizationyouaren1
ttakingadvantageof,"hesaid."Thisnewmethodoftraining
creativitycouldonlyhavecomefromOhioStateUniversity's
ProjectNarrative,whichisitselfproofofthepowerofcreativity//
8.Whatmaymakethenarrativemethodworkableaccordingto
Fletcher?
A.Creatingalternativestories.B.Changingnewperspective.
C.Generatingunexpectedtasks.D.Beingawareofourcreativity.
9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph4?
A.Byusingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparison.
C.Byansweringquestions.D.Byquotingtechniques.
10.Whatresultisexpectedoftrainingcreativity?
A.Todevelopaculturegradually.B.Toreacttochangesquickly.
C.Tocreatepossibilitiesfreely.D.Topredi
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