2023學(xué)年完整公開課版時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)11年高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列二

時(shí)態(tài)（16種）

謂語動(dòng)詞

語態(tài)（主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)）語氣（陳述、虛擬）動(dòng)詞不定式

非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞

-ing式現(xiàn)在分詞分詞過去分詞一、知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)

教學(xué)大綱要求的常用的12種時(shí)態(tài)：一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來一般將來時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來過去將來時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)16種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在時(shí)

過去時(shí)將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)時(shí)式do/doesdidshall/willdowoulddoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoingwouldbedoinghave/hasdonehaddonewill/shallhavedonewouldhavedonehave/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwill/shallhavebeendoingwouldhavebeendoing動(dòng)詞加ing的規(guī)則:1.直接加ing.playing2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的去e再加ing.hoping3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,雙寫輔音字母再加ing.putting閉音節(jié):以輔音字母(r例外)結(jié)尾的音節(jié).bed開音節(jié):以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié).no/be或“元音字母+輔音字母(r例外)+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾的音節(jié).use/site規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式過去分詞的構(gòu)成加ed,規(guī)則:1.一般直接加ed.played2.以不發(fā)音的e加d.hoped3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,改y為i再加ed.studied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,雙寫輔音字母再加ed.stopped高考考點(diǎn)1．時(shí)態(tài)的替代現(xiàn)象2．時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別4．過去完成時(shí)的用法5.短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能與時(shí)間段連用6.will/shalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo與bedoing/do的區(qū)別7.七種特定時(shí)態(tài)1.時(shí)態(tài)的替代現(xiàn)象（1）在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)替代將來完成時(shí).Iwon’tgoswimmingifitrains.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.但與if從句中will表“意愿”區(qū)分:Ifyouwilllisten,I’lltellyouaboutit.①Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou_____home.A.wroteB.willwriteC.havewrittenD.write②Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen______andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome③Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone______somequickrepairwork.A．hasdoneB．isdoingC．doesD．haddoneDAC(2)表示去向的動(dòng)詞或起止性動(dòng)詞（come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,takeoff,getoff,travel,return,begin,stop,open,close,end,finish,stay等）可用①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；

Thetrainleavesat4:30p.m.②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示預(yù)定的近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；

I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.③過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來動(dòng)作。

Iwastoldtheplanewastakingoffsoon.1.--Areyoustillbusy?--Yes,I_____mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish2.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026______offat18:20.A.takesB.takeC.willbetakenD.hastakenBA3.--WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou？

--Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand____totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingD(3)here,there,now,then等開頭的倒裝句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Look!Herecomestheteacher.(=Theteacheriscoming.)Listen!Theregoesthebell.(=Thebellisringing.)(4)before,after,assoonas

本身“先、后”時(shí)間明確，可用一般過去時(shí)替代過去完成時(shí)。He(had)leftbeforeIarrived.AfterI(had)finishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.(5)

若干連續(xù)動(dòng)作,如果其順序非常清楚,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then,and,but等詞連接時(shí),無需用過去完成時(shí)。Hestoodup,wentoutoftheclassroomandsoondisappearedinthestreet.MyauntgavemeawatchandIlostit.She_____herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldcomeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschangingC(6)think,want,suppose,guess,expect,hope,wish,intend,mean,plan等表示愿望、打算的動(dòng)詞，可用一般過去時(shí)替代一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)替代一般過去時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在或過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算、愿望、意圖等。Iwantedtostaywithyou,butIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.Hehadhopedtoarriveontime,buthiscarbrokedown.--Yesterday’spartywasagreatsuccess.Youshouldhavecome.--I_______,butanoldfriendturnedup.A.hadplannedtoB.weretogoC.mayhavegoneD.wouldgoA(7)makesure,mind,care,matter等后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。Solongasheworks

hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.2.時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則賓語從句，若主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)；若主句謂語是過去時(shí)，從句謂語要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)（但客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言警句等仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）。Theteachersaidhewassatisfiedwithus.IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響，一般過去時(shí)表示過去動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。Isawthefilmlastweek.（看電影是上個(gè)星期的事，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）

Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.（強(qiáng)調(diào)了解電影內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)在無需再看）(2)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去開始的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，一般過去時(shí)表示過去延續(xù)了一般時(shí)間的動(dòng)作已停止。

Hewasasoldierfor3years.他曾當(dāng)過三年兵。

Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.他已當(dāng)兵三年了。(3)

沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截止到“現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間狀語不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。Chinawaspoorinthepast.（inthepast不包括“現(xiàn)在”）GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast20years.（是算至“現(xiàn)在”為止）①--Where______therecorder?Ican’tseeitanywhere.--I____itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;putB②Althoughmedicalscience_____controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved③Yearsagowedidn’tknowthis,butrecentscience____thatpeoplewhodon’tsleepwellgetill.A.showedB.willshowC.hasshownD.isshowing

BC4．過去完成時(shí)(1)把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的立足點(diǎn)從現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)移到過去。a.

在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。Shesaid（that）shehadneverbeentoParis.b.

在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.

c.

表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.(2)．過去完成時(shí)不能孤立使用，它必須以過去某一時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，即“過去的過去”，因此只有在和過去某時(shí)或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。(1)Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI____tohalfadozenotherpeople.A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven(2)Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich____placedundertheMinister’scar.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasbeingD.wouldbe(3)He____morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearnedCBD

5.瞬間性動(dòng)詞的肯定式完成時(shí)不能與表一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。

HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastyear.

他參軍三年了。Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasservedthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.常見的瞬間性動(dòng)詞有：marry,close,die,arrive,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,start,begin,graduate等。ⅹⅹ

6.will/shalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo與

bedoing/do的區(qū)別(1)shall/willdo表示事先未經(jīng)考慮，而是臨時(shí)起意的打算、計(jì)劃，沒有主觀性，是純粹的將來動(dòng)作。這種用法常見于會(huì)話中乙聽了甲的話之后作出的反應(yīng)。①Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.②Hewillarriveherethisevening.③---Whereisthetelephonebook?---I’llgoandgetitforyou.④---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I’llgoandturnitoff.(2)begoingtodo表示現(xiàn)在打算要做某事(往往經(jīng)過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備);也可以表示某種可

能性

(即有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事)。HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.Itisgoingtorainsoon.(3)betodo

表示按預(yù)定計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事;某事注定要發(fā)生。Thenewbridgeistoopentotrafficinthreedays.Youarenottobringanymobilecommunicationmeansintotheexamroom.Youaretostayhomeuntilyourmothercomesback.Ifyouaretosucceed,youshouldredoubleyourefforts.(4)beabouttodo

即刻著手做，后不能接時(shí)間狀語

(但常與when連用)。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.Theshipisabouttoleave.(5)bedoing/do強(qiáng)調(diào)在近期按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事。Doyougetoffatthenextstop?Theplanetakesoffat11:00a.m.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?–DidyoutellJudiaabouttheresult.–Oh,no,Iforgot.I______hernow.A.willbecallingB.willcallC.callD.amtocall(2)–Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?–Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm____aquiteearly,sowe____tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;goBC(3)Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld(4)Hesaidhe___meapresentunlessI_____indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceeded

B.wouldnotgive;succeededC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.AB7.七種特定時(shí)態(tài)（1） 常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語，如：lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays,eversince,sincethen,for(during,over,in)thepast…years/months等常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

Hehasbeeninthelaboverthepasttwoweeks.（2） by,bythetime

表示“在……之前，不遲于……”

常與完成時(shí)連用。Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.ByTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.(3).表示“第幾次做某事”或在“Itis/willbethebest(worst,only,mostinteresting)/thefirst(second…)+名詞+that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。若is改用was，則用過去完成時(shí)。This(It)ismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.This(It)isthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.That(It)istheonlybookthathehaswritten.That(It)wasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.（4） Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句,若把is改成was，則since從句中用過去完成時(shí)。IhavelivedheresinceIcamehere.Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIleftmyhometown.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.（5） 用于hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.（6） “祈使句+and/then/or(else)+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，陳述句謂語用一般將來時(shí)。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.（7）

when（這時(shí)突然）用作并列連詞，前句常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或beabouttodo，后句常用一般過去時(shí)。IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardsomeonecryingforhelp.Hewasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_____advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseeing(2)–DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?--No,nosooner____thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone(3)I_____alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_______.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurredAAC(4)BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_____forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leaveC.willhaveleftD.leftC8.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的幾類動(dòng)詞：(P194)(1).感覺類動(dòng)詞：look,smell…(2).情感類動(dòng)詞：like,love…(3).心態(tài)類動(dòng)詞：wish,hope…(4).表歸屬類動(dòng)詞：have,consistof…

高考真題1.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_________it.Wasityou?hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo2.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesoldBB3.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.isB.areC.hasD.have4.Iamtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping5.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________Englishforayear.(2007)

A．studies

B．studied

C．isstudying

D．hasbeenstudyingCDD6.Whenhe______thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009)A.wouldopen

B.opened

C.hadopened

D.wastoopen7.---Thefoodhereisniceenough.(2008)

---Myfriend______mearightplace.

A.introduces

B.introduced

C.hadintroduced

D.wasintroducing8.IcalledHannamanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother____onthephoneallthetime!A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talkedDBA1.----HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?----No,I_____myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do2.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_____safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive3.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmadeABC4.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho____eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn5.Linda,makesurethetables____beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting6.Excuseme.I______Iwasblockingyourway.A.didn’trealizeB.don’treali