練案14必修3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries練習(xí)含解析

必修三Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountriesⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·山西太原市高三階段測評)Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight-Astudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild“You'resosmart！〞maybecounterproductive.Why?Accordingtoa2021study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset〞(believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset〞(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange)．Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast-pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf-secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset〞weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset〞wereableto“bounceback〞，onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.Forparents,thelessonsareclear:Don'tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildrenhandsyouanA＋score,don'tsay,“You'resosmart！〞Instead,say,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff！〞or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial—waytogo！〞Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.Besides,manyparentsshyawayfromaddressingtheirchildren'smistakes,tellingthem“It'sOK.You'llgetitthenexttime〞withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要講了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯錯(cuò)后，父母要引導(dǎo)孩子正確地對待錯(cuò)誤。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive〞underlinedinParagraph1？AA．Opposite. B．Competitive.C．Successful. D．Unknown.解析：詞義猜想題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Accordingtoa2021study，childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.〞可知，根據(jù)2021年的一項(xiàng)研究，那些認(rèn)為自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些認(rèn)為智力是可以成長和改變的孩子更不可能將注意力集中于錯(cuò)誤，并從錯(cuò)誤中振作起來。再結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞與A項(xiàng)“相反的〞含義相近。2．Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset〞r(shí)eactinthestudy?DA．Theymadefewermistakes.B．Theytriedtoavoidmistakes.C．Theyhadasmallerbrainresponse.D．Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.〞和倒數(shù)第二句“Basedonthedata，theyconcludedthatchildrenwithagrowthmindsetweremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.〞可推知，具有“成長思維模式〞的孩子更加關(guān)注其所犯的錯(cuò)誤。3．Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy？AA．Overemphasizingtheintelligence.B．Payingchildrencompliments.C．Addressingchildren'smistakes.D．Offeringchancestofindmistakes.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Notetheeffort，nottheintelligence.〞可知，應(yīng)防止過分強(qiáng)調(diào)智力。4．Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext？DA．Youaresocareless.B．Yourstudyingpaidoff.C．Yon'Ilgetitthenexttime.D．Let'sfindouthowyoumadeit.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Instead，it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen，andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.〞可知，當(dāng)孩子犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，父母應(yīng)與其一起弄清錯(cuò)的地方以及如何犯錯(cuò)的。B(2021·山東省日照市高三考試)Whenalaptoporsmartphonebatterystartslosingitspower，theonlyoptionsaretobuyanexpensivereplacement，orjustkeepitpluggedinallthetime.ButawomanMyaLeThaimayhavefoundtheanswertothisproblem.Thaiwasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded(降級)overtime，untiltheyfailedtochargefully.Shedidnotlikehavingtokeepherlaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlettokeepitpoweredon.So，shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst，sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butastheyexperimented，Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium-ion(鋰離子)batteriestolastforever.Lithium-ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime，thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Mostofthesebatterieshavealifespanofabout7,000chargingcyclesbeforetheydie.Oneofthereasonslithium-ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowirestocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Ahumanhairisthousandsoftimesthicker，forexample.Nanowiresareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity，whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.But，Thaihadatheory—thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwithagel(凝膠)．Sheandherteamtestedthistheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork，〞Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmanycoveringsforthewires.PMMA，atypeofplastic，wasoneofthem.ThenanowireswerecoatedwithPMMAandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.ThePMMA-coatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever，withoutlosingchargingability.Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtounderstandwhythisgelworkssowellandtoseeifanyothergelcouldcreatebetterresultsandsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“It'skindofcool，〞shesaid.“I'mreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmyworkandnotjustintheworkitself，butalsointechnologyandenergy.〞文章大意：本文是一篇科技類短文閱讀。文章主要講述一位名叫MyaLeThai女士研發(fā)出可永久循環(huán)使用電池。5．WhydidMyaLeThaiworkonlithium-ionbatteries？DA．Shedislikedthebatteriesforherlaptop.B．Herteamwereassignedtoinventanewbattery.C．Manypeoplethoughtbatteriesweretooexpensive.D．Thebatterieswouldsoonlosethefunctiontochargefully.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thaiwasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded(降級)overtime，untiltheyfailedtochargefully.Shedidnotlikehavingtokeepherlaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlettokeepitpoweredon.So,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.〞可知，Thai研究鋰電池是因?yàn)樗臒o線設(shè)備的電池完全失去了充電功能。應(yīng)選D。6．Whatcanweinferaboutnanowires？DA．Theylastonly7,000chargingcycles.B．Theyaretooweaktocarryelectricity.C．Theyarenotsuitabletouseinbatteries.D．Theirthinnessisacauseofbatteriesdegrade.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Oneofthereasonslithium-ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowirestocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.〞可知，用來電力輸送的納米線極其的細(xì)，導(dǎo)致了電池的降級。應(yīng)選D。7．WhatmightbeThaiandherteam'sbreakthrough？AA．Coatingnanowiresingel.B．Anewkindofbattery.C．Newmaterialsforbatteries.D．Anewwayofchargingbatteries.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThenanowireswerecoatedwithPMMAandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.ThePMMA-coatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever,withoutlosingchargingability.〞可知，Thai和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)在納米線上裹上PMMA并循環(huán)充電20萬次，沒有損壞的跡象，且沒有失去充電能力，說明Thai和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)在此方面取得了突破。應(yīng)選A。8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？BA．TheoptionsofbatteriesforwirelessdevicesB．Awomaninventsalife-longbatteryC．MyaLeThaidiscoveredNanowires D．Thereasonsforbatteriesdegrading解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenalaptoporsmartphonebatterystartslosingitspower,theonlyoptionsaretobuyanexpensivereplacement,orjustkeepitpluggedinallthetime.ButawomanMyaLeThaimayhavefoundtheanswertothisproblem.〞和全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述一位名叫MyaLeThai女士研發(fā)出可永久循環(huán)使用電池。應(yīng)選B。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。Perhapsyouhaveheardtheexpression“WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.〞SowhenyouwanttodobusinessinFrance,youhavetogettoknowFrenchculture,makemarketingplans,andrunyourbusinessbylocallaws.1.GTheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirlanguage,soanyonewhodoesnotspeakitmayruntheriskofbeingdisrespectedbyhisFrenchcolleaguesorbusinesspartners.Also,anotherreasonwhylearningFrenchisimportantisthatitisagreatwaytoshoweverypossibleFrenchbusinesspartnerthatyoucareandrespecttheircountry'scultureandlanguage.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenmeetingsomeonenewisshakehishandfirmlyandalwayslookatthepersonintheeye.Insocialmeetingswithfriends,kissingiscommon.Usefirstnamesonlyafterbeinginvitedto.2.CTheFrenchwillsometimesintroducethemselvesusingtheirsurnamefirst,followedbytheirfirstname.Dresswell.3.FYourbusinessclothingisareflectionofyoursuccessandsocialstatus.Alwaystrytobetastefulandstylish.Womenareadvisedtodresssimplybutelegantly.Wearingmake-upispracticedwidelybybusinesswomen.TheFrencharepassionateaboutfood,solunchesarecommonindoingbusinessinFrance,whichusuallyconsistofanappetizer,amainmealwithwine,cheese,dessertandcoffee,andnormallytakeuptotwohours.4.BDonotbegineatinguntilthehostsays“bonappetite〞．Passdishestotheleft,keepwristsabovethetableandtrytoeateverythingontheplate.5.DThismaysuggestthatyoufindthefoodtasteless.Ifeatinginarestaurant,thepersonwhomakesaninvitationalwayspays.A．Remembertobeaspoliteaspossible.B．Thisisatimeforrelationshipbuilding.C．UseMonsieurorMadamebeforethesurname.D．Becarefulwithaddingsalt,pepperorsaucestoyourfood.E．Makeanappointmentwithyourbusinesspartnerinadvance.F．TheFrenchdrawinformationaboutpeoplebasedontheirappearance.G．LanguageshouldbethefocusofanyoneplanningtodobusinessinFrance.文章大意：任何人如果想在法國做生意，都要了解法國的文化，做到入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。解析：1．根據(jù)本段后面的內(nèi)容可知，法國人為他們的語言感到驕傲，所以想在法國做生意，學(xué)習(xí)法語是很重要的。G項(xiàng)“任何打算在法國做生意的人都應(yīng)該關(guān)注語言。〞與下文聯(lián)系緊密。應(yīng)選G。2．結(jié)合空處前后的內(nèi)容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建議，而與名字的使用相關(guān)的是C項(xiàng)“在姓之前使用先生或夫人。〞應(yīng)選C。3．本段的中心句是第一句“Dresswell.〞，接著就服飾方面提出了一些建議。故空處應(yīng)選擇F項(xiàng)“法國人根據(jù)人們的外表來獲取信息。〞。4．根據(jù)本段第一句可知，法國人酷愛食物，在法國做生意時(shí)，共進(jìn)午餐是很常見的，且午餐用時(shí)多達(dá)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。那么，共進(jìn)午餐的時(shí)間也是建立關(guān)系的時(shí)間，B項(xiàng)符合語境。故此題選B。5．本段就餐桌禮儀方面提出了建議。D項(xiàng)“在食物中參加鹽、胡椒粉或醬汁時(shí)要小心。〞與下一句“這可能說明你覺得飯菜沒味兒。〞銜接緊密。故本空選D。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2021·甘肅省天水一中第一次考試)Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols1.werecarved(carve)byancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.BytheShangDynasty，thesesymbols2.hadbecome(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,3.leading(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectscharacters.This，4.however，changedundertheruleofEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.EmperorQinshihuangmadethesevenmajorstatesintoone5.united(unite)countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Thatwritingsystemwas6.ofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveor7.whatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicate8.easily(easy)inwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansby9.whichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassic10.works(work)whichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.文章大意：這是一篇說明文。文章講述了漢字的起源和開展。解析：1．考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它可以追溯到幾千年前使用的動物骨頭和貝殼，古代中國人在上面雕刻符號。描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，“符號〞和“雕刻〞之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。所以填werecarved。2．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到了商代，這些符號已經(jīng)成為一種很興旺的文字系統(tǒng)。表示發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。所以填hadbecome。3．考查非謂語動詞。空格前面句子“……地理分割〞和“導(dǎo)致〞之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。所以填leading。4．考查副詞。句意：然而，在秦始皇的統(tǒng)治下，這種情況發(fā)生了改變。文中表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以填however。5．考查形容詞。句意：秦始皇把七個(gè)主要國家統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)國家，中國的文字系統(tǒng)開始朝一個(gè)方向開展。該空修飾名詞country，用形容詞。所以填united。6．考查固定短語。句意：這種文字系統(tǒng)對中國人民和中國文化的融合具有重要意義。ofgreatimportance有重要意義，該短語是固定短語。所以填of。7．考查句意理解。句意：即使在今天，無論中國人住在哪里，說什么方言，他們都可以很容易地用書面交流。文中表示“說什么方言〞。所以填what。8．考查副詞。句意：即使在今天，無論中國人住在哪里，說什么方言，他們都可以很容易地用書面交流。修飾動詞communicate，用副詞。所以填easily。9．考查定語從句。句意：書面漢語也成為中國的現(xiàn)在與過去聯(lián)系的重要手段?！癰y9China'spresentisconnectedwithitspast〞是一個(gè)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞〞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞means，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞〞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，指物，只能用which。所以填which。10．考查名詞。句意：現(xiàn)代人可以讀到中國古代的經(jīng)典著作。文中表示“中國古代的經(jīng)典著作〞，用名詞。所以填works。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2021·廣東省深圳市高級中學(xué)高三年級?？?Asweallknow,overseventypercentofourplanetarecoveredbysea,whereisrichinsaltaswellasfish.What'smore,thereisagreatdealofoilorgasunderthesea.Inotherwords,theseaistheplacewithsomanyimportantthingswelivein.However,withtheworldpopulationincreasedrapidly,overfishinghasbecomeaseriousproblem.Everydayalotofrubbishesandwastewaterarepouredintothesea,sotheseaisbadpolluted.Asaresult,thenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased.Besides,somearedyingoutorhavebeendiedout.Therefore,itistimeforeverybodyprotectthesea.答案：Asweallknow,overseventypercentofourplaneteq\o(are,\s\do8(is))coveredbysea,eq\o(where,\s\do8(which))isrichinsaltaswellasfish.What'smore,thereisagreatdealofoileq\o(or,\s\do8