2023年考研外語提分沖刺試卷10

考研外語提分沖刺試卷10

一、UseofEnglish

1、Ashumanchildrenareunusuallydependentfaranunusually

longtime,it'sobviousthateverysocietymustprovidea

domesticcontextinwhichthechildrenarebroughtupand

educated.Inpresent-dayEnglish,theword"family"hastwo

meanings:firstly,the(1)groupofparentsandchildren;

andsecondly,a(2)ofrelationswhomightbeexpectedto

(3)ataweddingora(4).Atthefirstlevel,my

brothersandsistersandmyselfareallinthesame(5)

aschildren,butindifferentonesasparents;butatthesecond

(6),we,reallinthesamefamilyfromstarttofinish.

Asnuclearfamiliesbecomemore(7),familiesofrelations

becomemoredispersed(分散).Theyoungmothercanstilltalk

toherMumonthephone,butshecan，taskherto(8)for

afewminutestowatchthebaby.Ideasaboutthe(9)of

womenhavebeenchanging:wivesarethoughttobethe(10)

oftheirhusbandsratherthantheir(11).Butperhaps

they'remore(12)enslavedtotheirchildrenthanbefore.

Thepointisthattheredoesn'tseemtobeany(13).There

isagenuine(14)betweentherightofthewomantobe

treatedasafreeandself-respected(15),andtheright

ofthechildtodemandcareand(16)

Wehavecreatedforourselvesthree(17):socialequality

ofmenandwomen;(18)ofthemarriage;andlifelonglove

and(19)betweenparentsandchildren.However,wehave

(20)asocialsysteminwhichit'squiteimpossiblefor

thesefactorstoco-exist.

A.permanent

B.rigid

C.casual

D.domestic

2、⑵

A.parade

B.network

C.collection

D.framework

3、(3)

A.turnup

B.turnabout

C.turnin

D.turnover

4、(4)

A.pariiament

B.setting

C.funeral

D.troop

5、⑸

A.conference

B.family

C.organization

D.procedure

6、(6)

A.trend

B.union

C.access

D.level

7、⑺

A.adequate

B.challenged

C.isolated

D.excessive

8、(8)

A.dropin

3

B.dropon

C.dropaway

D.dropoff

9、(9)

A.personality

B.status

C.alternative

D.career

10、(10)

A.companions

B.opponents

C.sponsors

D.reporters

IK(ID

A.principals

B.rivals

C.slaves

D.neighbors

12、(12)

A.flexibly

B.highly

C.presently

4

D.thoroughly

13、(13)

A.solution

B.evolution

C.fiction

D.location

14、(14)

A.fuss

B.clash

C.hesitation

D.pause

15、(15)

A.resident

B.volunteer

C.individual

D.specialist

16、(16)

A.growth

B.permission

C.response

D.attention

17、(17)

5

A.miracles

B.obstacles

C.ideals

D.sensations

18、(18)

A.glamour

B.permanence

C.management

D.reservation

19、(19)

A.cooperation

B.distinction

C.tension

D.acquisition

20、(20)

A.modified

B.predicted

C.selected

D.created

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Ifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman'sleft

hand,youprobablyknowwhatitmeans:inAmerica,thishaslong

beenthedigitofchoiceforbetrothaljewelry,andthelore

ofthetradetracesthesymbolismbacktoancienttimes.But

ifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman,sright

hand,youmayormaynotknowthatitsignifiesanindependent

spirit,oreveneconomicempowermentandchanginggendermores.

“Alotofwomenhavedisposableincome,“KatieCouricsaid

recentlyonthe“Today"showaftershowingviewersherChange

right-hander."Whywaitforamantogiveheradiamondring?”

Thisnotionmaybetracedback,approximately,toSeptember.

That'swhentheDiamondInformationCenterbeganahuge

marketingcampaignaimedatarticulatingthemeaningof

right-handrings-andthusarationaleforbuyingthem."Your

lefthandsays'we',"thecampaigndeclares."Yourrighthand

says'me'."Thepositioningisbrilliant:thewearermaybe

marriedorunmarriedandmaybuytheringherselforrequest

itasagift.Andwhileitcantakeyearsforanewjewelry

concepttoworkitselfthoroughlyintothemainstream,the

tight-bandringalreadyhasmomentum.

Atthehigherendofthescale,thejewelrymakerKwiat,which

suppliesstoreslikeSaks,offersalineofKwiatSpiritRings

thatcanretai1forasmuchas$5,000,and"we'resellingit

fasterthanwe'remanufacturingit,“saysBillGould,the

company,schiefofmarketing.Attheotherendofthestale,

mass-orientedretailersthatoftentakeawait-and-see

attitudehavealreadyjumpedonthebandwagon.

FirmslikeKwiatweregivenwhatGouldcalls"direction"from

theDiamondinformationCenteraboutthenewring's

attributes-multiplediamondsinanorth-southorientationthat

distinguishesitfromthelookofanengagementring,andso

on.Butallthisissecondarytothenewlymintedmeaning."The

idea,，zMorrisonsays,z，isthatbeyondatrend,thiscouldbecome

asortofculturalimperative.

Atallorder?Well,bearinmindthat"adiamondisforever”

isnotasayinghandeddownfromimperialRome.Itwashanded

downfromanearliergenerationofDeBeersmarketers.Joyce

Jonas,ajewelryappraiserandhistorian,notesthatDeBeers,

inthe40'sand50's,tookadvantageofachangingAmerican

classstructuretoturndiamondringsintoan(attainable)

symbolforthemasses.Bynow,Jonansobserves,thestonealone

“isjustacommodity”.Andthis,ofcourse,iswhatmakesits

inventedsignificancemoreCrucialthanever.

Adiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman'slefthand

suggeststhat

A.sheismarried

B.sheisengaged

C.shemaychooseherjewelry-

D.shehasindependentspirit

2、

Yourrighthandsaysme'(Para.2)impliesthat

A.thewearermaybemarriedorunmarried

B.theweareroftheright-handringisindependent

C.thewomanhastheright-handringasagift

D.thewearerofthetight-handringisaself-centeredwoman

3、

JudgingfromBillGould'sremarksinParagraph3,wemayinfer

that.

A.Kwiathasalargesupplyofjewelry

B.KwiatSpiritRingsaretooexpensive

C.Kwiatcanhardlymeetwiththedemandsfromtheconsumers

D.consumerskeepawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthejewelry

4、

Accordingtotheauthor,“adiamondisforever"is.

A.asortofculturaltradition

B.asayinghandeddownfromimperialRome

C.afalsesymbolforthemasses

D.asayingofmade-upsignificance

5、

Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe.

A.TheRight-handDiamondRing

B.WhoWearstheRight-handDiamondRing?

C.TheRight-handRing'sMomentum

D.ATallOrderforJewelry

6、Whentheywerechildren,TerriSchiavo,sbrotherBobby

accidentallylockedherinasuitcase.Shetriedsohardtoget

outthatthesuitcasejumpedupanddownandscreamed.Thescene

predicted,horribly,howshewouldend,thoughbythatstage

shehadneitherwalkednortalkedformorethan15years.By

thetimeshefinallydiedonMarch31st,herbodyhadbecome

aboxoutofwhichshecouldnotescape.

Morethanthat,ithadbecomeaboxoutofwhichtheUnited

Statesgovernment,Congress,thepresident,thegovernorof

Floridaandanarmyofevangelicalprotestorsandbloggers

wouldnotletherescape.Herlife,whateveritsquality,became

thepropertynotmerelyofherhusband(whohadthelegalright

tospeakforher)andherparents(whohadbroughtherup),but

ofthecourts,thestate,andthousandsofself-appointed

medicalandpsychologicalexpertsacrossthecountry.

ThechiefdifferencebetweenhercaseandthoseofKarenQuinlan

andNancyCruzan,muchearliervictimsofPersistentVegetative

State(PVS),wastheexistenceoftheinternet.Whenposted

videotapesshowedMrs.Schiavoapparentlysmilingand

communicatingwiththosearoundher,doctorscalledthesemere

reflexactivity,buttothelaymantheyseemedtorevealahuman

beingwhoshouldnotbekilled.OnMarch20th,aCATscanof

Mrs.Schiavo'sbrain-thegreymatterofthecerebralcortex

moreorlassgone,replacedbycerebrospinalfluid-wasposted

onabiog.ByMarch29th,ithadbrought390passionateand

warringresponses.

Allthisoutsideinterferencecouldonlyexacerbatethereal,

crueldilemmasofthecase.AfteraheartattackinFebruary

1990,whenshewas26,Mrs.Schiavo,sbrainwasdeprivedof

oxygenforfiveminutesandirreparablydamaged.Forawhile,

herfamilyhopedshemightberehabilitated.Herhusband

Michaelboughthernewclothesandwheeledherroundart

galleries,incaseherbraincouldrespond.By1993,hewassure

itcouldnot,andwhenshecaughtaninfectionhedidnotwant

hertreated.Herparentsdisagreed,andclaimedshecould

recover.

Fromthatpointthefamilysplit,andlitigationstarted.Each

side,backedbylegionsofsupporters,accusedtheotherof

money-grubbingandbadfaith.AFloridacourttwiceorderedMrs.

Schiavo'sfeedingtubetoberemovedandJebBush,thegovernor

ofFlorida,overruledit.Thefinalremovalofthetube,on

March18th,wasfollowedbyanextraordinaryscene,intheearly

hoursofMarch21st,whenGeorgeBushsignedintolawabill

allowingMrs.Schiavo,sparentstoappealyetagaintoafederal

court.Butbythenthecourts,andtwo-thirdsofAmericans,

thoughtthatenoughwasenough.OnMarch24ththeSupremeCourt

declinedtohearthecase.

Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat.

A.TerriSchiavohadamiserablechildhood

B.TerriSchiavohadaviciousbrotherBobby

C.anaccidentaleventindicatesTerriSchiavo,shorrible

ending

D.TerriSchiavoisanunfortunatewoman

7、

Inthesentence“Morethanthat,ithadbecomeabox…“(Line

1,Para.2),"it".

A.referstoTerriSchiavo,slife

B.referstoTerriSchiavo,sbody

C.isusedforemphasis

D.isusedasanticipatorysubject

8、

What'sdoctors'opiniononMrs.Schiavo,scase?

A.Sheislifeless.

B.Sheisconscious.

C.Sheshowssignoflife.

D.Herbrainshowsthesignoflife.

9、

ThecrueldilemmasofSchiavo,scasehasin.

A.aheartattackinFebruary1990

B.herbraindeprivedofoxygenforfiveminutes

C.aninfectionshecaught3yearslater

D.thedisagreementbetweenherparentsandherhusbandonher

treatment

10、

FromthelastparagraphwemayinferthatonSchiavo's

case.

A.theFloridacourtandthegovernorofFloridaareinthe

sameopinion

B.GeorgeBushstandsonthesideofMrs.Schiavo'shusband

C.two-thirdsofAmericanssupportMrs.Schiavo'sparents

D.theSupremeCourthasthefinalsay

11、Bythe1950'sand60's"goingforChinese"hadbecomepart

ofthesuburbanvernacular.InplaceslikeNewYorkCity,eating

Chinesefoodbecameintertwinedwiththetraditionsofother

ethnicgroups,especiallythatofJewishimmigrants.Many

JewishfamiliesfaithfullyvisitedtheirfavoriteChinese

restauranteverySundaynight.Amongthemenusinthe

exhibitionareselectionsfromGlattWok:KosherChinese

RestaurantandTakeoutinMonsey,N.Y.,andWokToyin

Cedarhurst,N.Y.

Until1965Cantonese-speakingimmigrants,mainlyfromthe

countyofToisan,dominatedtheindustryandmenusreflected

astandardrepertoryoftastybutblandAmericanizationsof

Cantonesedishes.Butlooseningimmigrationrestrictionsthat

yearbroughtafloodofpeoplefrommanydifferentregionsof

China,starting''authenticityrevolution,saidEdSchoenfeld,

arestaurateurandChinesefoodconsultant.

Topchefswhoweretrainedinspicyandmoreunusualregional

specialties,likeHunanandSichunancooking,cametoNewYork

then,Mr.Schoenfeldsaid.

PresidentRichardM.Nixon'striptoChinain1972awakened

interestinthecountryandaccountsofhismealshelpedwhet

diners'appetitesfornewdishes.Anillustrationofascowling

Nixonwithapairofchopsticksglaresdownfromthewallat

theexhibition.

HunanandSichuanrestaurantsinNewYorkinfluencedthetaste

ofthewholecountry,Mr.Schoenfeldsaid.DisheslikeGeneral

Tso'schickenandcrispyorangebeefcaughtoneverywhere.

ButaswiththeCantonesefoodbeforeit,Mr.Schoenfeldsaid,

thecookingdegradedovertime,asitbecamemassproduced.

Today'sbatter-fried,syrup-ladenversionofChinesefood,he

said,bearslittleresemblancetoauthenticcuisine.

TherealexplosionofChineserestaurantsthatmadethem

ubiquitouscameinthe19801s,saidBettyXie,editorofChinese

RestaurantNews."Nowyouseetherearealmostoneortwo

ChineserestaurantsineverytownintheUnitedStates,“she

said.

TherearesignsthatsomehavetiredofChinesefood.A2022

Zagatsurveyshowedthatitspopularityhasebbedsomewhatin

NewYorkCity.

ButthejourneyoftheChineserestaurantremainsthestoryof

theAmericandream,asexperiencedbyaconstantbutevolving

streamofChineseimmigrantswhorealizedthepotentialof

12-hourdays,borrowedcapitalandawillingnesstocook

whateverAmericanswanted.Salesmarginsaretight,andwages

arelow.

Restaurantsarepassedfromonefamilymembertothenext,or

soldbyoneChinesefamilytoanother.Oftenacontingency

writtenintoSalescontractsisthatthepreviousownerstrain

thenewowners.

“ThecompetitioninChinesecommunitiesiscutthroat,Mr.Chen,

theco-curator,said."Whatpeoplerealizeisyoucanmakemuch,

muchbetterprofitinplaceslikeMontana.”

Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatbythe1950'sand60's

Chinesefoodwasafavoriteof.

A.thesuburbandwellers

B.NewYorkers

C.ethnicimmigrants

D.Jewishimmigrants

12、

Whatisthefactorthatcontributesto,'authenticity

revolution”?

A.ThearrivalofCantonese-speakingimmigrants.

B.BlandAmericanizationsofCantonesedishes.

C.Relaxedcontroloverimmigrationrestrictions，.

D.GreatnumberofpeoplefromdifferentregionsofChina

13、

AllthefollowinghelpedtheexplosionofChineserestaurants

intheU.S.EXCEPT.

A.PresidentRichardM.Nixon'striptoChina

B.HunanandSichuandishes

C.GeneralTso'schickenandcrispyorangebeef

D.Today;sbatter-fried,syrup-ladenversionofChinesefood

14、

Accordingtotheauthor,ChinesefoodinNewYorkCity.

A.isonthedeciine

B.remainsthestoryoftheAmericandream

C.servesstreamofChineseimmigrants

D.supplieswhateverAmericanswanted

15、

Judgingfromthecontext,“cutthroat"inthelastparagraph

maybereplacedby.

A.killer

B.murderer

C.verycruel

D.dangerous

16、Itvanishedin2022,aresultofabadfall.Asmy

neurosurgeonexplained,whenmyheadhittheground,mybrain

sloshedaround,whichsmasheddelicatenerveendingsinmy

olfactorysystem.Maybethey'11repairthemselves,shesaid(in

whatstruckmeasmuchtoocasualatone),andmaybetheywon't.

IfIhadtolosesomething,itmightaswellhavebeensmell;

atleastnothingaboutmypersonalityormymemoryhadchanged,

ascanhappenwithheadtrauma.Soitseemedalmostchurlish

tofeel,asthemonthswenton,sodevastatedbythisparticular

loss.

ButIwasheartbroken.Mysenseofsmellwasalwayssomething

Itookpleasurein.Withoutscent,IfeltasffIwerewalking

aroundthecitywithoutmycontactlenses,dealingwithpeople

whilewearingearplugs,movingthroughsomethingstickyand

thick.Thesharpnessofthings,theirspecificity,diminished.

Icouldn,teventellwhenthemilkhadgonebad.Oddly,mysense

oftasteremainedperfectlyfine,butIwasstillnervousabout

openingacartonofyogurtwithouthavingsomeonenearbyto

sniffitforme.Ihadbeenstrippedofthesensewealluse,

oftenwithoutrealizingit,tonegotiatetheworld,toknow

whichthingsaresafeandwhicharedangerous.

Afternearlyayear,Italkedtoacolleaguesavvyingabout

neuro-science,whosuggestedItrytoretrainmysenseofsmell

ontheassumptionthatthenerveendingshadrepaired

themselvesbutthatsomethingwasstillbrokenalongthe

pathwayfromnosetobrain,whereodormoleculesactivate

olfactoryreceptors(thesubjectofthisyear'sNobel-winning

research).Heradvicewastoexposemyselftostrong,

distinctivefragrances,askingthepersonIwaswithtotell

meexactlywhatIwassmellingevenifIwasn'tconsciousof

smellinganythingatall.

Ibeganstickingmynoseintoeverythingthatseemedlikelyto

haveascent一thecumininthespicecabinet,freshlyground

coffee,redwine.Iinterruptedfriendsmidsentenceifwe

happenedtobewalkingpastapizzaplaceoragarbagetruck

andasked,stupidly,“Whatareyousmellingnow?”

Slowly,thesmelltherapystartedtowork.Atfirst,

distressingly,allIcouldsmellwereunnaturalscents:

dandruffshampoo,furniturepolish,acloudofafter-shavefrom

astockyyoungman.ThefirsttimeIsmelledcutgrassagain,

inthesmallparkneartheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,

wasalmostexactlytwoyearsaftermyfall.Itmademecry.The

tearsembarrassedme,butcutgrassisoneofthosefragrances

thattransportmedirectlytothelandscapeofchildhood.And

that'swhatIhadbeenmissing,really,andwhygettingback

mysenseofsmellwassoprecious:avisceralconnectiontothe

personIusedtobe.

Accordingtothetext,abadfalloftheauthorresulted

in.

A.thesmashofdelicatenerveendings

B.thelossofsomething

C.thechangeofpersonalityandmemory

D.thesenseofsmell

17、

Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheauthorwas.

A.veryweakanddelicate

B.anear-sightedperson

C.acollegestudent

D.awhite-collarclerk

18、

Whywastheauthornervousaboutopeningacartonofyogurt?

A.Hersenseoftasteremainedperfectlyfine.

B.Shewasfedupwithit.

C.Shecouldnotsniffoutwhetherithadgonehad.

D.Shecouldnottellthesafethingsfromthedangerousones.

19、

Judgingfromthecontext"savvying"inLine1,Paragraph3

probablymeans.

A.seeing

B.learning

C.studying

D.knowing.

20、

Whentheauthorsmelledcutgrassagainforthefirsttime,

she.

A.criedoutloudly

B.weptinsilence

C.couldn，thelpburstingintotears

D.wasintheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns

fossilfuels,suchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburn,

chemicalsandparticulatematterarereleasedintothe

atmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstancescontributeto

airpollution,themostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon,

sulfur,andnitrogen.

(41).

Acidrainformswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransform,

intosulfuricacidandnitricacidintheatmosphereandcome

backtoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrainhasmadenumerous

lakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfishpopulations.

(42).

Estimatessuggestthatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelack

safedrinkingwaterandthatatleast5milliondeathsperyear

canbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Waterpollutionmay

comefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources

dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocations,suchas

factories,sewagetreatmentplants,andoiltankers.The

technologyexiststomonitorandregulatepointsourcesof

pollution,althoughinsomeareasthisoccursonlysporadically.

Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallor

snowmeltmovesoverandthroughtheground.

(43).

Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceans,people

havelongactedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasa

limitlessdumpinggroundforwastes.However,rawsewage,

garbage,andoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthediluting

capabilitiesoftheoceans,andmostcoastalwatersarenow

polluted,threateningmarinewildlife.

(44).

Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.

Worldwide,groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfresh

waterinstreamsandlakes.IntheUnitedStates,approximately

halfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater.Although

groundwaterisarenewableresource,reservesreplenish

relativelyslowly.Presently,groundwaterintheUnitedStates

iswithdrawnapproximately4timesfasterthanitisnaturally

replaced.(45).

A.Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularly,oftenbecausethe

surroundingwaterscontainhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewage

disposal.

B.Thesechemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwith

ultravioletradiationinsunlightindangerousways.Smog,

usuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersofautomobiles,

formswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheair

toproducealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealth

problems.

C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest

不_____Q

q23

ecosystemsworldwide,includingGermany'sBlackForestand

foreststhroughouttheeasternUnitedStates.

D.Inadditiontogroundwaterdepletion,scientistsworryabout

groundwatercontamination,whicharisesfromleaking

undergroundstoragetanks,poorlydesignedindustrialwaste

ponds,andseepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardous

wastesintoundergroundgeologicformations.

E.TheOgallalaAquifer,ahugeundergroundreservoir

stretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlains,isdrawndown

atratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agricultural

practicesdependingonthissourceofwaterneedtochange

withinagenerationinordertosavethisgroundwatersource.

F.Astherunoffmoves,itpicksupandcarriesawaypollutants,

suchaspesticidesandfertilizers,depositingthepollutants

intolakes,rivers,wetlands,coastalwaters,andeven

undergroundsourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfrom

nonpointsourcesaccountsforamajorityofthecontaminants

instreamsandlakes.

G.Bysomeestimates,

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersand

advertisers.It'sbeenthatwayforcenturies.Butinthelast

fewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfor

newspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedar

Rapids