初中英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時-Present-Perfect-Tense-優(yōu)質(zhì)課課件

Present

Perfect

Tense

(現(xiàn)在完成時)1一、現(xiàn)在完成時的概念和構(gòu)成2I

have

cleaned

all

the

rooms.Now,

the

rooms

areclean.3I

have

eaten

up

all

the

food.Now,

there’s no

food.4I

have

finishedmy

work.我把工作做完了。She

has

readall

thesebooks.她把這些書都讀完了。我已經(jīng)沒

有其他工

作要做了。她已經(jīng)知道這些書的全部內(nèi)容。5現(xiàn)在完成時用法表示過去發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動作。They

have

built

many

buildings

in

thiscity.用法6I

have

already

lost

the

key.表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。He

has

lived

in

Shanghai

for

fiveyears.肯定句主+have/has+done+其他.否定句主+haven’t/hasn’t+done+其他.一般疑問句Have/Has+主+done+其他?肯定答語Yes,主+have/has.否定答語No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+主+done+其他？7現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)Practice8Mary

has

already

read

Little

Women.（劃線部分改特殊疑問句）Ihavedecidedtoread

TreasureIsland.(改一般疑問句）Tom’s

brother

has

finished

reading

Harry

Potter.(改否定句）David

hasn’t

read

Alice

in

Wonderland

yet.（改肯定句）Who

has

read

Little

Women

yet?9Have

you

decidedto

read

Treasure

Island?Tom’s

brother

hasn’t

finished

reading

Harry

Potter.David

has

already

read

Alice

in

Wonderland.1.

Alice

has

alreadyknown(know)

that

it

is

only

a

dream.Robinson

Crusoe

has

already

built

(build)

ahouse.Jim

has

already

found

(find)

anisland

fullof treasures.The

sisters

have

already

sent

(send)

breakfast

to

a poor

family.Tom

has

seen

(see)acaseof

murder(兇殺案).10A:

Would

you

like

something

todrink?B:

No,

thanks.

I’ve

just

drunk

some

tea

.(just/drink

some

tea)A:

I

heard

you

lost

your

key.Have

youfound

ityet

?(find)B:

No,

not

yet.A:

Do

you

know

when

Tom

isleaving?

B:

He

has

already

left.

(already/leave)P60

4a/4b114.

A:Is

yoursister

goingto

themovies

withustonight?A:When

did

he

leave

?

(leave)B:

This

morning.She

has

already

seen

the

filmB:No.

.(already/see

thefilm)5.A:hWavheant

odtotoylodurthpeamreynetts

thinkabout

our

plan?B:I

.

(not/tellthem/yet)12Sally

loves

(love)reading.Inthemorning,shereads

the

newspaper

and

in

the

evening

she

readsbooks.

She

has

already

read

(read)morethan100

different

books!

Her

favorite

kind

of

books

isscience

fiction.

She

is

interested

in

science

andtechnologyand

loves

to

imagine確認(rèn)時間標(biāo)志，用對時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)！13read

them!14what

theworld

willbe

(be)like

in50years.She

finished

(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand

will

write

(write)

a

book

reportabout

it

next

week

for

her

French

class.

Every

timeshe

is

in

thelibrary,

Sally

looksat

the

manybooksshe

has

not

read

(not

read)

yet

andshe

can’t

waitto確認(rèn)時間標(biāo)志，用對時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)！二、現(xiàn)在完成時時間狀語15時間標(biāo)志詞：16justalreadyso

farlatelybeforeeveryetrecentlyneverstilloncesincein

the

past/lastfor+一段時間already一般用于肯定句。常放在have/has和done之間yet一般用于否定句或疑問句。常放在句尾。否定句："還(沒)"疑問句："現(xiàn)在,已經(jīng)"。not

yet常用在答語中，“尚未；還沒有”。171.already

和yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法2.ever

和never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法--

Have

you

ever

visited

the

Bird'sNest?--

No,

I

have

never

visited

it.ever“曾經(jīng)”，一般用于疑問句和肯定句never“從來沒有”，一般用于否定句你曾經(jīng)去過新加坡嗎？Have

you

ever

been

to

Singapore?我從來沒有聽過她唱歌。I

have

never

heard

her

sing

a

song.183.for

和since在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法for+時間段since+（過去）時間點

since+從句（過去時態(tài)）for

two

yearssince

2008含有for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語（從句）表示的一段時間的現(xiàn)在完成時肯定句的謂語只能用延續(xù)性動詞。

I

have

learned

English

since

10

yearsago.She

has

lived

here

for

20

years.193.for

和since在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法3.for

或since

引導(dǎo)的時間狀語（從句）能與非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式連用。Mr.

Smith

hasn't

come

to

China

for

three

years.I

have

never

bought

junk

food

since

last

year.4.對現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語提問通常用howlong.How

long

have

you

lived

in

Beijing?204.have

been

to,have

gone

to,have

been

in的區(qū)別1.

My

uncle

has

been

to

Beijing

four

times.2.

Mr.

Yanghas

gone

to

Wuhan.

He

will

be

back

nextweek.3.

Betty

has

been

inLondon

for

two

days.去過去了待了多長時間have/has

been

to曾經(jīng)去過某地，可接次數(shù)，如once，twice,three

times等，表示“去過幾次”，也可以和just，never，ever等連用。have/has

gone

to去了（還沒回來）have/has

been

in后接時間段，表示“在某地待了多長時間”21用have

gone

to,have

been

to,

have

been

in填空Bill

is

on

holiday

at

the

moment.

Heh_a_s_g_o_n_e__to___

Spain.“Where's

Lily?”

“She's

not

here.

I

think

she_h_as__g_o_n_e_t_othe

bank.”Hello,

Susan.

Where

_h_a_v_e_

you

_b_e_e_n?_H_a_v_e_

you

__b_e_en__to__

the

bank?Tim

is

in

hospital.

He

_h__as__b_e_e_n_i_n_

hospital

forfive

days.22三、延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞23延續(xù)性動詞：動作可以一直延續(xù)下去，可以和一段時間連用。非延續(xù)性動詞：也叫瞬間動詞或終止性動詞，表示動作一經(jīng)發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，不可以和一段時間連用。判斷一個動詞是否為非延續(xù)性動詞，一般可將該動詞在句型“I

am+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+from

8:00

to

12:00”中，看該句是否符合邏輯，若符合邏輯，則為延續(xù)性動詞。I'm

finishing

reading

the

book

from

8:00

to

12:00.finish為非延續(xù)性動詞24短暫性動詞及對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞25havekeepwearhave

a

cold第一類：用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性性動詞對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞buyborrowput

oncatch/get

a

coldcome/go/becomebe短暫性動詞及對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞26be

a

member

of

theclubbe

a

soldier第二類：轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞非延續(xù)性性動詞對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞join

the

clubjoin

the

armygo

toschoolbe

a

student短暫性動詞及對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞27be

in

school第三類：轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語非延續(xù)性性動詞對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞go

toschoolgo

tohospitalbe

in

hospital非延續(xù)性動詞及對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞28be

deadbe

closed

/

be

openbeasleepbe

away

frombe

overbe

on第四類：轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形/副詞非延續(xù)性動詞對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞dieclose

/openfall

asleepleavefinishbegin/startmarrybemarried將下列句子時態(tài)改為現(xiàn)在完成時1.

I

bought

the

book

two

days

ago.2.

He

borrowed

the

book

three

months

ago.3.

I

knew

Jane

two

years

ago.4.

He

left

his

hometown

five

years

ago.5.

The

movie

began

10

minutes

ago.I

have

had/owned

the

book

for

two

days.He

has

kept

the

book

since

three

months

ago.I

have

known

Jane

for

two

years.He

has

been

away

from

his

hometown

for

5

years.The

movie

has

been

on

for

10

minutes.29翻譯下列句子301.

你來深圳多長時間了？10年了。2.

他已經(jīng)生病兩天了。3.

他2018年開始在這里工作。他從那時起一直在這里工作。How

long

have

you

been

in

Shenzhen?For

10

years.

(I

have

been

in

SZ

for

10years.)He

has

been

ill

for

two

days.He

began

to

work

here

in

2018.He

has

worked

here

since

then.4.

他們一小時前到達(dá)北京。他們已經(jīng)到北京一個小時了。315.

他上個月借了我的自行車。他借了我的自行車一個月6.

我的貓三年前死了。他已經(jīng)死了三年了。My

cat

died

three

years

ago.My

cat

has

been

dead

since

three

years

ago.He

borrowed

my

bike

last

month.He

has

kept

my

bike

for

a

month

.They

reached

Beijing

an

hourago.They

have

been

in

Beijing