新教材適用2024版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第2部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第9講體裁破解-新聞報(bào)道

第二部分專題一第9講A(2023·遼寧省沈陽市高中高三二模)SwotsatelliteisscheduledtobelaunchedThursdaymorningtoconductacomprehensivesurveyofEarth'svitalresource．Byusingadvancedmicrowaveradartechnologyitwillcollectheight-surfacemeasurementsofoceans,lakesandriversinhigh-definitiondetailover90%oftheglobe．It'sreallythefirsttimetoobservenearlyallwaterontheplanet'ssurface．Themajormissionistoexplorehowoceansadjustclimatechangebyabsorbingatmosphericheatandcarbondioxideinanaturalprocess．Oceansareestimatedtohaveabsorbedmorethan90%oftheextraheattrappedintheEarth'satmospherebyhuman-causedgreenhousegases．Swotwillscantheseasandpreciselymeasurefinedifferencesinsurfaceelevations(高度)aroundsmallercurrentsandeddies(漩渦),wheremuchoftheoceans'decreaseofheatandcarbonisbelievedtooccur．“Studyingthemechanismwillhelpclimatescientistsanswerakeyquestion:Whatistheturningpointatwhichoceansstartreleasing,ratherthanabsorbing,hugeamountsofheatbackintotheatmosphereandspeedupglobalwarming,ratherthanlimitingit，”saidNadyaShiffer,Swot'sprogramscientist．Bycomparison,earlierstudiesofwaterbodiesreliedondataofriversoroceanstakenatspecificpoints,orfromsatellitesthatcanonlytrackmeasurementsalongaone-dimensionalline,requiringscientiststofillindatagapsthroughextrapolation(外推法)．Thankstotheradarinstrument,SwotcanscanthroughcloudcoveranddarknessoverwiderangesoftheEarth．Thisenablesscientiststoaccuratelymaptheirobservationsintwodimensionsregardlessofweatherortimeofdayandtocoverlargegeographicareasfarmorequicklythanitwaspreviouslypossible．“Ratherthangivingusalineofelevations,it'sgivingusamapofelevations,andthat'sjustatotalgamechanger，”saidTamlinPavelsky,Swotfreshwaterscienceleader．1．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“vitalresource”inthefirstparagraphreferto？A．Technology． B．Climate．C．Oceans． D．Water．2．WhatisthemajormissionofSwotsatellite？A．Toidentifywhenglobalwarmingisworsened．B．ToexplorewhereoceansabsorbheatandCO2．C．Tostudyhowoceansinfluenceclimatechange．D．Toexplainwhygreenhousegascomesintobeing．3．WhatmakesitpossibleforSwottomeasureprecisely？A．Thehigh-definitioncomputer．B．Advancedradartechnology．C．Thethree-dimensionalimage．D．Anaccuratemapofelevations．4．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A．ASolutiontoClimateChangeB．ABreakthroughinSpaceTravelC．SuccessfulLaunchofSwotSatelliteD．FirstGlobalWaterSurveyfromSpace【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了計(jì)劃于周四上午發(fā)射的Swot衛(wèi)星，通過使用先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)，將收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。這是第一次觀察到地球表面幾乎所有的水。1．D詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語下文“Byusingadvancedmicrowaveradartechnologyitwillcollectheight-surfacemeasurementsofoceans,lakesandriversinhigh-definitiondetailover90%oftheglobe．It'sreallythefirsttimetoobservenearlyallwaterontheplanet'ssurface．(通過使用先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)，它將收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。這真的是第一次觀察到地球表面幾乎所有的水。)”和上文“SwotsatelliteisscheduledtobelaunchedThursdaymorningtoconductacomprehensivesurveyofEarth'svitalresource．(Swot衛(wèi)星計(jì)劃于周四上午發(fā)射，對地球的vitalresource進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查。)”可知，Swot衛(wèi)星通過使用先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)，收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)，然后對這些水資源進(jìn)行調(diào)查，vitalresource指的是下文提到的water。故選D。2．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Themajormissionistoexplorehowoceansadjustclimatechangebyabsorbingatmosphericheatandcarbondioxideinanaturalprocess．(其主要任務(wù)是探索海洋如何通過自然過程吸收大氣熱量和二氧化碳來調(diào)節(jié)氣候變化。)”可知，Swot衛(wèi)星的主要任務(wù)是探索海洋如何通過自然過程吸收大氣熱量和二氧化碳來調(diào)節(jié)氣候變化，即研究海洋如何影響氣候變化。故選C。3．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thankstotheradarinstrument,SwotcanscanthroughcloudcoveranddarknessoverwiderangesoftheEarth．Thisenablesscientiststoaccuratelymaptheirobservationsintwodimensionsregardlessofweatherortimeofdayandtocoverlargegeographicareasfarmorequicklythanitwaspreviouslypossible．(多虧了雷達(dá)儀器，Swot可以在地球的大范圍內(nèi)掃描云層和黑暗。這使得科學(xué)家能夠精確地繪制二維地圖，無論天氣如何，無論何時(shí)，覆蓋大面積地理區(qū)域的速度比以前快得多。)”可知，先進(jìn)的雷達(dá)技術(shù)使得Swot能夠精確測量。故選B。4．D標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“SwotsatelliteisscheduledtobelaunchedThursdaymorningtoconductacomprehensivesurveyofEarth'svitalresource．Byusingadvancedmicrowaveradartechnologyitwillcollectheight-surfacemeasurementsofoceans,lakesandriversinhigh-definitiondetailover90%oftheglobe．It'sreallythefirsttimetoobservenearlyallwaterontheplanet'ssurface．”可知，文章主要介紹了計(jì)劃于周四上午發(fā)射的Swot衛(wèi)星，通過使用先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)，它將收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。這是第一次觀察到地球表面幾乎所有的水。D項(xiàng)“第一次從太空對全球的水進(jìn)行調(diào)查”適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。B(2023·四川省德陽市高中高三一模)AnartworkinthegraduationexhibitionoftheGuangzhouAcademyofFineArtsinGuangdong'sprovincialcapitalhasspreadontheInternet．AnumberofdomesticmediaorganizationshavereportedonHuangJianyi'slifeandhisartwork,agiantconstructionworkermadeofmorethan700kilogramsofsteelbarsandironplates．Henamedhis194cm-by-113cm-by-230cmsculptureTheSoulofConstructionWorkers．HesaidhemadethesculptureinhonorofhisfatherandallChineseconstructionworkerswhohavecontributedtothecountry'surbandevelopment．Tobuildit,hebought750kgofsteelbarsandironplatesfromonlineplatformsandnearbyrecyclingcentersforabout4yuanperkg．Apartfromeatingandsleeping,HuangJianyidevotedallhistimetohiswork．“Sometimes,Ievenstayedupfrommidnightto5or6a．m．,andwhenthesunrose,Iwouldsleepinmychairforafewhours，”Huangsaid．“Ithinkallthehardworkwasworthit,especiallynowthatthesculptureisbeingrecognizedbythepublic．”BornintoapoorfamilyinLeizhoucity,undertheadministrationofZhanjiangcityinwesternGuangdong,Huangsaidhedeeplyunderstoodhowhardlifewasforbuilders．“Asconstructionworkers,myparentsfrequentlytraveledforwork,sometimesasfarasHainanProvincewhenIwasachild,andtheyusedtoreturnhomeonceeveryfewmonths，”hesaid．AndafterhearrivedinGuangzhoutogotouniversity,hediscoveredthatmanybuildershavetoworkinthescorchingsunorinthepouringrain．“Myfather,whoisthepillarofmyfamily,isnotverygoodatexpressinghisfeelings,butIknowhewasverydelightedwhenhesawmysculpture，”Huangsaid．5．WhydidHuangJianyibuildthesculpture？A．Tohonorpeoplelikehisfather．B．Tocelebratehisgraduation．C．Towinanartcompetition．D．Todrawpeople'sattention．6．WhatmostlyledHuangJianyitobuildthesculpture？A．Thehardshipofhiscollegelife．B．Thescorchingsunandpouringrain．C．Thehardlifeofconstructionworkers．D．Theencouragementfromthegovernment．7．Whatcanweknowfromthetext？A．Huangusuallytraveledwithhisparents．B．Huang'sparentsonceworkedinHainan．C．Huangspenthissparetimecreatingthesculpture．D．Huang'sfatherexpressedhisdelightatthesculpture．8．Whatisthepublic'sattitudetoHuangJianyi'ssculpture?A．Indifferent． B．Critical．C．Favorable． D．Ambiguous．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了畢業(yè)生黃建億的畢業(yè)作品“筑魂”，目的是向父親以及其他建筑工人致敬。5．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“HesaidhemadethesculptureinhonorofhisfatherandallChineseconstructionworkerswhohavecontributedtothecountry'surbandevelopment．(他說，他制作這座雕塑是為了向他的父親和所有為國家城市發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)的中國建筑工人表示敬意。)”可知，黃建億建雕塑是為了向他父親這樣的中國建筑工人致敬。故選A。6．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“BornintoapoorfamilyinLeizhoucity,undertheadministrationofZhanjiangcityinwesternGuangdong,Huangsaidhedeeplyunderstoodhowhardlifewasforbuilders．‘Asconstructionworkers,myparentsfrequentlytraveledforwork,sometimesasfarasHainanProvincewhenIwasachild,andtheyusedtoreturnhomeonceeveryfewmonths’(黃建億出生在廣東西部湛江市管理的雷州市的一個(gè)貧困家庭，他說，他深深理解建筑工人的生活是多么艱難。作為建筑工人，我的父母經(jīng)常外出工作，在我小時(shí)候有時(shí)會遠(yuǎn)到海南省，他們過去每隔幾個(gè)月就回家一次)”和最后一段“AndafterhearrivedinGuangzhoutogotouniversity,hediscoveredthatmanybuildershavetoworkinthescorchingsunorinthepouringrain．(到廣州上大學(xué)后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)許多建筑工人不得不在烈日下或大雨中工作。)”可知，黃建億知道建筑工人的艱苦生活，才會建向中國建筑工人致敬的雕塑。故選C。7．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“Asconstructionworkers,myparentsfrequentlytraveledforwork,sometimesasfarasHainanProvincewhenIwasachild,andtheyusedtoreturnhomeonceeveryfewmonths(作為建筑工人，我的父母經(jīng)常外出工作，在我小時(shí)候有時(shí)會遠(yuǎn)到海南省，他們過去每隔幾個(gè)月就回家一次)”可知，黃建億的父母曾在海南工作。故選B。8．C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第三段“Ithinkallthehardworkwasworthit,especiallynowthatthesculptureisbeingrecognizedbythepublic．(我認(rèn)為所有的努力都是值得的，尤其是現(xiàn)在這座雕塑已經(jīng)得到了公眾的認(rèn)可。)”可知，公眾認(rèn)可黃建億的雕塑，他們的態(tài)度是支持的。故選C。C(2023·貴州省高考前備考指導(dǎo)解壓)Pacingbehindhiscowbarn,DavidHaakensonlooksoutoverthefarmwherehisfamilyhaslivedsince1989．Today,it'ssurroundedbywaterfromtheSnoqualmieRiver．Haakensonwas4yearsoldin1989,whenhisfamilymovedtowhatisnowJubileeFarminCarnation．Lastyear,heandhiswifeKristinboughtthebusinessandpropertytofarm．Thefarmsawabigfloodin1990,andseveralmoresince．Butlastyear,therewereatleastfive,withtwojustlastweek．“Ithinkit'sauniqueexperienceinthehistoryofthefarm．”Thismostrecenteventisaproblem,butit'smoretroublesomethandestruction．It'swinter,sothecropsaren'tin．Theanimalsaresafelygatheredonhigherground．Theequipmentisoutofharm'swaytoo．Octoberwasadifferentstory．So,asidefromthefactthathisfamilyhasbeentheresincehewasinpreschool,whyfarminafloodplain?“There'sreallynoplaceleftinKingCountytofarmonabiggerscale，”hesaid．“Rivervalleysmakegoodfarmland．Thesoilisrich．Wecangooutandplow(犁)andspadeandplantvegetablesandwe'llneverhitarock．”Farmershereplanforfloods,butnotthismanyandnotthisintense．Haakensonsayshewatchesfloodgauges(測算)“religiously”，andisimpressedwiththeamountofinformationhecanget,andthepredictionsmeteorologists(氣象學(xué)家)arenowabletomake．Alocalnonprofit,theSnoqualmieValleyPreservationAlliance,ishopingtogivefarmerslikehimevenmoreinformation．They'veplacedtheirowngaugesintheSnoqualmieRiver,andconnectedthemtoawebsitewherefarmersandotherscanchecktheriverlevels．AndHaakensonhasideasaboutwhatmightberesponsibleforthemorefrequentflooding,andhewishestherewouldbemorestudiestoexploretheimpactsofdevelopment,especiallyonthosedownriver．“Ihaveareallyhardtimesleepingwhenthewater'scomingup，”hesaid．“Whenyoumakeyourlivingoffapieceofground,it'sreallyhardtosleepwhenitfeelslikeit'sindanger．”9．WhatcanweinferaboutthefarminOctober？A．Pumpkinsfloataway．B．Theanimalsarestillsafe．C．Thecropsaren'twashedaway．D．Farmersleavethefarmseparately．10．AccordingtoParagraph4,whatdoestheauthorwanttoshow？A．Floodingisbecomingusual．B．Valleyfarmhasrichwater．C．Riversvalleyhasgoodfarmland．D．Valleyfarmersliketocountflooding．11．HowdoesDavidHaakensonlookforwardtothefutureoffarm？A．Doubtful． B．Hopeful．C．Desperate． D．Energetic．12．WhydoesHaakensonhavedifficultysleepinginthelastparagraph？A．Becausehehatedtheflooding．B．Becausehewastoofrightenedtosleep．C．Becausehewasconcernedaboutthefarm．D．Becausehewasworriedabouthissafety．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文介紹了大衛(wèi)·哈肯森的農(nóng)場遭遇了洪水的侵襲。9．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段尤其是最后一句“Octoberwasadifferentstory．(十月是不同的景象。)”可知，十月是莊稼收獲的時(shí)候，洪水沖刷的危害就很嚴(yán)重，可以想象“南瓜被洪水沖得四處漂流”。故選A。10．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thefarmsawabigfloodin1990,andseveralmoresince．Butlastyear,therewereatleastfive,withtwojustlastweek．(這個(gè)農(nóng)場在1990年經(jīng)歷了一次大洪水，此后又經(jīng)歷了幾次。但在去年，至少發(fā)生了五起，僅上周就發(fā)生了兩起。)”可知，洪水已成為一種常態(tài)。故選A。11．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AndHaakensonhasideasaboutwhatmightberesponsibleforthemorefrequentflooding,andhewishestherewouldbemorestudiestoexploretheimpactsofdevelopment,especiallyonthosedownriver．(哈肯森對更頻繁的洪水的原因有自己的想法，他希望能有更多的研究來探索洪水發(fā)展的影響，尤其是對下游地區(qū)的影響。)”可知，他希望治理河谷的洪災(zāi)，對河谷的未來也充滿希望。故選B。12．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Ihaveareallyhardtimesleepingwhenthewater'scomingup，’hesaid．‘Whenyoumakeyourlivingoffapieceofground,it'sreallyhardtosleepwhenitfeelslikeit'sindanger．’(‘水漲起來的時(shí)候，我真的很難入睡，’他說?！?dāng)你在一塊土地上謀生時(shí)，當(dāng)你覺得它處于危險(xiǎn)之中時(shí)，你真的很難入睡?！?”可知，他因擔(dān)心河谷處于危險(xiǎn)中而難以入睡。故選C。D(2023·安徽省淮北市高三二模)Here'sarecipeforagoodanimalrescuestory:Takeoneresidentialcreek(小溪),addonelonedolphinandthenbringin28determinedbiologists．Mixwellandenjoythehappyending．AyoungdolphinwanderedoffitsusualpathandendedupinacreekinClearwater,Florida．BiologistswithClearwaterMarineAquariumhadbeenmonitoringitsinceJan．1．Itappearedreluctanttoreturntoopenwatersviaasmallopeningunderabridge．“Sincemonitoringbegan,thedolphinhadnotleftthecreek，”theaquariumsaidlastweek．“Thisposedpotentiallong-termproblems．Dolphinsarenaturallysociablecreatures,soiftheyareisolatedfromotherdolphins,theymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction．”Thiscanbedangerous,bothfordolphinsandhumans．Humanswhogettooclosetodolphinscanfindthemselveswithinjuriessuchasbrokenbones．ClearwaterMarineAquariumpartneredwithNOAAFisheriesandtheFloridaFish&WildlifeConservationCommissiontoguardthedolphintosafety．Ateamof28biologistsgotintothewatertoformahumanchain,creatingavisualandsoundbarriertoaimthedolphinoutofthecreek．It'snoteasytopulloffahumanchaininacreek．Thebiologistshadtostayshouldertoshoulderandnavigatetreesanddockswithoutgivingthedolphinanopportunitytoslipby．Thehumanencouragementworked,thoughtherewasamomentofuncertaintyastheteammembersnearedthebridgeandweren'tsureifthedolphinwentthrough．Thebiologistscelebratedthedolphin'sarrivalontheotherside．“Itwasveryexcitingafteralmost20plusdaysforhimtofinallybeoutofthecanal，”saidseniorrescuebiologistBrittanyBaldrica．Thewanderingdolphinstandsagoodchancebackoutinthewild．“Wenotedthattheanimalwasingoodbodyconditionwithnormalbreathingratesandwasdisplayingnormalbehaviorduringobservations，”theaquariumsaid．Happyendingachieved．13．Whatattractedthebiologiststomonitorayoungdolphin？A．Itsunusualwanderingpath．B．Asmallopeningunderabridge．C．Itsinteractionswithhuman．D．Acreekwithpotentialproblems．14．Whydidthebiologistsstayshouldertoshoulder？A．Toexperiencedolphins'swiminthecreek．B．Toavoidheavyinjuriesfromthesociabledolphin．C．Tocreateabarrierguidingthe