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石室中學(xué)高2023屆高三高考適應(yīng)性模擬檢測(cè)試題(一)
英語(yǔ)
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。
2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),
用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?;卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上,寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)
效。
3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答
題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例:Howmuchistheshirt?
A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.
答案是Co
1.Whatdoesthemanwant?
A.Cups.B.Notebooks.C.Carpetcleaners.
2.Howdoesthemanfindtheproblem?
A.Quitedifficult.B.Veryinteresting.C.Toosimple.
3.WhatdoesPaulwanttodo?
A.Savemoney.B.Studyabroad.C.Changehisjob.
4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Tonyalwaysworriesalot.
B.Tonylikesridingbikes.
C.Tonyisexpertatrepairingbikes.
5.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?
A.Findingavolunteer.
B.Clearinguptogether.
C.Helpingpreparetheparty.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選
出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將
給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?
A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.
7.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?
A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.
聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9題。
8.Whatisthewomangoingtodothisweekend?
A.Dosomehousework.B.Gotoaparty.C.Seeamovie.
9.Whydoesthemanstopgoingtopartieswithcollegefriends?A.Hehasnewfriends.
B.He'sbusywithwork.
C.Hechangeshislifestyle.
聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。
10.Wherearethespeakers?
A.Inahospital.B.Inagym.C.Inapark.
11.Whathappenedtothewomanyesterday?
A.Shefelloffthebed.
B.Shehadtroubleinbreathing.
C.Shealmostdiedofheartdisease.
12.Whatannoysthewomanmost?
A.Havingscarydreams.B.Givingupfriedchips.C.Gettingupearly.
聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。
13.WheredoesMichelleRaycomefrom?
A.Amiddle-sizedcity.B.Asmalltown.C.Abigcity.
14.WhichplacewouldMichelleRaytakehervisitorstofbrshopping?
A.TheZenGarden.B.TheHighlands.C.TheRedRiverarea.
15.WhatdoesMichelleRaydoforcompletequiet?
A.Gocamping.B.Studyinalibrary.C.Rcadathome.
16.Whatarethespeakerstalkingaboutingeneral?
A.Late-nightshopping.B.Asianfood.C.Louisville.
聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。
17.HowdidStephenHawkingbecomefamous?
A.Hegotgoodgradesinuniversity.
B.HepointedoutHoyle'smistake.
C.Heworkedonthebigbangtheory.
18.WhoprovedHawking'sworkonthebigbangtheory?
A.Hawkinghimself.B.FredHoyle.C.Astronomers.
19.HowmanyreasonsarementionedforStephenHawking'sbeingagenius?
A.One.B.Two.C.Three.
20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?
A.ThestoryofStephenHawking.
B.ThecontributionofFredHoyle.
C.Thebirthofthebigbangtheory.
第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Weareallawareoftheeffectgreenhousegasemissions(排放)ishavingonourplanetandtheeffortsneeded
toprotecttheearth.Mostofusaredoingourbittoreduceourinfluenceortheenvironment,butdespiteour
collectiveeffort,arewedoingenoughtoachievenetzeroby2050?
Netzeromeansnotaddingtotheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Manycountriesaredoing
theirbitbychanginghowtheyproduceandusepowertocutdowncarbondioxide(二氧化碳)output.Andthey
announcedwhatfurtherstepstheyweregoingtotakeattherecentCOP26summitinGlasgow(格拉斯哥氣候峰
會(huì)).
IntheUK,thegovernmenthasbeensettingoutitsplanstoachievenetzeroby2050.Ifsrecentlyannounced
anenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedfbrheatinghomes.Theideaistoreplacethemwithheat
pumps.It'sofferinghomeownersupto£5,000toreplacethem.AnotherplanintheUKisabigpushtowards
electriccars.Morechargingpointsaretobeaddedinstreets,andnonewpetrolcarswillbesoldby2030.
Butnotallemissionscanbereducedtozero,sothereshouldbeotherwaystomakeupforit.Onewaytodo
thisistoplantthousandsoftrees,whicharegoodattakingincarbondioxide.TheUKgovernmenthaspromisedto
plant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025.Otherideascanworktoo,butwhat'scertainisthiswillcostmoney.
TheCBI's(英國(guó)工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì))TomThackraytoldtheBBC,“thosecostshavetobeweighedupagainstthecostof
doingnothing.^^
WhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,reachesnetzeroisyettobeseen.Andthere'ssomedoubtabouthowthiscan
beaccuratelymeasuredanyway.Butit'sgenerallyrecognisedthataglobaleffortisneededtoprotectthe
environment.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A.peoplearedoingenoughtoreducetheamountofgreengas
B.gasboilersmustbereplacedbytheendof2030intheUK
C.TomThackraybelievedtheUKgovernmentiswastingmoney
D.itmightbedifficulttojudgewhethertheUKreachesnetzero
2.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsnetzerotargets?
A.Negative.B.Subjective.C.Objective.D.Supportive.
3.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.AchievingNetZeroTargetTogetherB.ProtectingtheEnvironment
C.ReducingGreenhouseGasEmissionsD.PlantingMoreTreesTogether
【答案】l.D2.C3.A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道.文章介紹了英國(guó)政府為實(shí)現(xiàn)“凈零排放”而制定的一些計(jì)劃,而真正實(shí)現(xiàn)
這一計(jì)劃,需要全球的共同努力。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段uWhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,reachesnetzeroisyettobeseen.And
there'ssomedoubtabouthowthiscanbeaccuratelymeasuredanyway.(英國(guó)或其他任何國(guó)家是否會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳
排放還有待觀察。對(duì)于如何準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量這一點(diǎn),人們存在一些疑問(wèn)。)”可推斷,可能很難判斷英國(guó)是否達(dá)到
“凈零排放”。故選D。
【2題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段uMostofusaredoingourbittoreduceourinfluenceortheenvironment,but
despiteourcollectiveeffort,arewedoingenoughtoachievenetzeroby2050?(我們大多數(shù)人都在盡自己的——份
力量來(lái)減少我們對(duì)環(huán)境的影響,但盡管我們共同努力,我們所做的足以在2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零嗎?”'和最后
一段uWhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,reachesnetzeroisyettobeseen.Andthere\somedoubtabouthowthis
canbeaccuratelymeasuredanyway.Butit'sgenerallyrecognisedthataglobaleffortisneededtoprotectthe
environment.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.
(英國(guó)或其他任何國(guó)家是否會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳排放還有待觀察。對(duì)于如何準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量這一點(diǎn),人們存在一些疑問(wèn)。
但人們普遍認(rèn)為,需要全球共同努力來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。因此,凈零目標(biāo)只有在其他所有國(guó)家都朝著同樣的方向
前進(jìn)時(shí)才有意義。y及全文可知,作者客觀的陳述“凈零排放”計(jì)劃所采取的措施以及人們的觀點(diǎn),從而
可推斷,作者對(duì)“凈零排放”目標(biāo)的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選c。
【3題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butifsgenerallyrecognisedthataglobaleffortisneededtoprotectthe
environment.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.
(但人們普遍認(rèn)為,需要全球共同努力來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。因此,凈零目標(biāo)只有在其他所有國(guó)家都朝著同樣的方向
前進(jìn)時(shí)才有意義。)”及全文可知,文章介紹了英國(guó)政府為實(shí)現(xiàn)“凈零排放”而制定的一些計(jì)劃,而真正
實(shí)現(xiàn)這一計(jì)劃,需要全球的共同努力。所以“AchievingNetZeroTargetTogether(共同實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零目標(biāo))”作為
文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。
B
Ifyouareafanofmedicalfilms,thenyouwillknowthereareemergencyhelicopterservicesthatwilltakebadly
injuredpatientstohospitalslongdistancesaway.Youprobablyalsoknowthatinthesefilmsmostambulances(救護(hù)
車)areonwheelsandgoacrosscitystreetswheretherearefewertrafficjamsthaninreallife.
Butnow,IsraePsUrbanAeronautics,announcedthatitmadeanagreementtoworkwithHatzolahAirtoproduce
anddevelopitsCityHawkaircraftasanemergencymedicalservice.TheCityHawkissmallandcanflyanywhere
andlandanywhere,makingitabletoworkincitiesabovethetrafficjam.Ithasnowingsoutsideandcanworkeven
inbadweatherconditions.
“WeareexcitedtoworkwithHatzolahAironthedevelopmentofourCityHawkvehicle,saidRafiYoeli,CEO
ofUrbanAeronautics."Itssmallsizewillenableittolandinthemiddleofabusycitystreet,makingitaperfectfit
formedicaltasksbygreatlyreducingthetimeittakestoarriveon-scene,treatandtransportsickorinjuredpatients
tomedicalfacilities.^^
“OneofHatzolah'smostimportantgoalsistobesomewherewithinminutes.Unlikehelicopters,wecanland
anywherewithinminutes,Yoelisaid."Wcwillbeabletoimprovethecareofpatients.Theywanttobeequipped
withthebestaircraft.^^HatzolahAir'spresidentEliRowesaidthatheforesees(預(yù):則)thepossibleneedfor800
CityHawkssinceitisasix-passengervehiclethatcancarryapilot,apatientandateamofprofessionals.
UrbanAeronauticsisworkingoncertification(認(rèn)證)foremergencyuseofitsCityHawkaircraft.The
developmentoftheflyingambulanceisexpectedtotakeuptofiveyearsbutamodelwillbereadysooner.Aflying
ambulancemaybecomingtoacitynearyousoon.
4.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?
A.Togiveanexampleofmedicalrescue.
B.Toleadtothetopicoftheflyingambulance.
C.Toshowthefuturemarketfbraircraftmedicalservice.
D.Totelltheadvantagesofemergencymedicalhelicopters.
5.WhatdoweknowabouttheCityHawk?
A.Itmakesmedicaltasksincitiesmoreconvenient.
B.Itwilltaketheplaceofambulancesoncityroads.
C.Itisdifficulttooperateinbadweatherconditions.
D.Itcancarryenoughmedicalsuppliesimmediately.
6.What'sRafiYoeli'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentoftheCityHawk?
A.Worried.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Surprised.
7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.TheCityHawkhasgotcertificationfromthegovernment.
B.TheCityHawkfacesgreatdifficultiestobecomeareality.
C.TheCityHawkdrawsgreatattentionofhospitals.
D.TheCityHawkwillcomeintouseinthenearfuture.
【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了以色列城市航空公司(UrbanAeronautics)宣布與哈卓拉航空公司
(HatzolahAir)達(dá)成協(xié)議,生產(chǎn)和開(kāi)發(fā)“城市鷹”(CityHawk)飛機(jī),作為緊急醫(yī)療服務(wù)。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouareafanofmedicalfilms,thenyouwillknowthereareemergencyhelicopter
servicesthatwilltakebadlyinjuredpatientstohospitalslongdistancesaway.Youprobablyalsoknowthatinthese
filmsmostambulancesareonwheelsandgoacrosscitystreetswheretherearefewertrafficjamsthaninreal
life."(如果你是醫(yī)療電影的粉絲,那么你就會(huì)知道有緊急直升機(jī)服務(wù),可以把嚴(yán)重受傷的病人送到很遠(yuǎn)
的醫(yī)院。你可能也知道,在這些電影中,大多數(shù)救護(hù)車都是有輪子的,穿過(guò)城市街道,那里的交通堵塞比
現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中要少。)以及第二段第一句"Butnow,IsraePsUrbanAeronautics,announcedthatitmadean
agreementtoworkwithHatzolahAirtoproduceanddevelopitsCityHawkaircraftasanemergencymedical
service.n(但現(xiàn)在,以色列城市航空公司(UrbanAeronautics)宣布與哈卓拉航空公司(HatzolahAir)達(dá)
成協(xié)議,生產(chǎn)和開(kāi)發(fā)“城市鷹”(CityHawk)飛機(jī),作為緊急醫(yī)療服務(wù)。)故可推知,第一段的作用是引
出飛行救護(hù)車的話題。故選B項(xiàng)。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheCityHawkissmallandcanflyanywhereandlandanywhere,makingitableto
workincitiesabovethetrafficjam.Ithasnowingsoutsideandcanworkeveninbadweatherconditions.w(“城
市鷹”無(wú)人機(jī)體積小,可以在任何地方飛行和降落,使其能夠在交通擁堵以上的城市工作。它在外面沒(méi)有
翅膀,即使在惡劣的天氣條件下也能工作。)可知,關(guān)于“城市鷹”我們知道,它使城市的醫(yī)療任務(wù)更加
方便。故選A項(xiàng)。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WeareexcitedtoworkwithHatzolahAironthedevelopmentofourCityHawk
vehicle,saidRafiYocli,CEOofUrbanAeronautics.44Itssmallsizewillenableittolandinthemiddleofabusy
citystreet,makingitaperfectfitformedicaltasksbygreatlyreducingthetimeittakestoarriveon-scene,treatand
transportsickorinjuredpatientstomedicalfacilities.""(rbanAeronautics公司首席執(zhí)行官RafiYoeli表示:
“我們很高興能與Hatzolah航空公司合作開(kāi)發(fā)CityHawk飛行器?!八男〕叽缡顾軌蚪德湓诜泵Φ某?/p>
市街道中間,大大縮短了到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、治療和將生病或受傷的病人運(yùn)送到醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的時(shí)間,使它非常適合執(zhí)
行醫(yī)療任務(wù)。")故可推知,Ra仔Yoeli對(duì)“城市鷹”的發(fā)展持積極肯定的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段中“Thedevelopmentoftheflyingambulanceisexpectedtotakeuptofiveyearsbut
amodelwillbereadysooner.Aflyingambulancemaybecomingtoacitynearyousoon.v(飛彳亍救護(hù)車的開(kāi)發(fā)
預(yù)計(jì)需要5年時(shí)間,但模型將很快準(zhǔn)備就緒。一輛飛行救護(hù)車可能很快就會(huì)來(lái)到你附近的城市。)可知,
從最后一段我們能推斷出,“城市鷹”將在不久的將來(lái)投入使用。故選D項(xiàng)。
C
ThecityofMarquetteinMichiganisclosingasectionofaroadtovehiculartrafficeverynighttoprotect
migratingsalamanders(蛛嫄).From8p.m.to8a.m.dailyuntilApril15oruntilthemigrationiscompleted,a
sectionofPeterWhiteDriveinPresqueIsleParkwillbeclosed,thecityannounced.
^Protectingtheblue-spottedsalamanders5migrationisvital,astheyareanindicatorspecies,informingusabout
thehealthofourenvironment,9,saidKathleenHenry,SuperiorWatershedPartnership(SWP)specialprojects
coordinator(協(xié)調(diào)員)andeducationspecialist.Thesalamandersspendthecoldwinterunder-ground.Thenevery
spring,theymaketheirwaytothewaterwheretheylayeggs.
Itwasin2018thatEliBieri,aformerNorthernMichiganUniversitystudent,noticedvehicleswerekilling
hundredsofthesemigratingsalamanders.44Wewouldseethousandsandthousandsofsalamanderscrossingthestreet
injustonenight,“BieritoldtheDetroitFreePress.4tItwasreallyamazing-untilweseecarspassbyandsquish
salamanders.Thatreallytroubledme—itkeptmeawakeatnight.^^HeenlistedthehelpoftheSWP,whoreached
outtoMarquettecityofficials.Lastspringtheygottherelevantstretchofroadwithintheparktemporaryclosedto
eveningandovernightvehiculartraffic.
In2019,beforetheclosure,theyfound429salamandercarcasses(尸體)intheroad.Lastyear,theycounted
only3carcasses.Withthatsuccessdemonstrated,cityofficialsaredoingthesamethisyear."Thegoalistoapplyour
sciencetowildlifemanagement/5Bierisaid."Tobeabletoseein-personthescienceappliedtosuccessful
managementpracticeswasverysatisfying.”
8.What'sthesignificanceofprotectingthesalamanders?
A.Salamanderscanoffergreatfinancialbenefitstothegovernments.
B.Protectingsalamanderscangreatlyreducetrafficaccidentsatnight.
C.Salamandersareagreatsignforourenvironment'sconditions.
D.Salamandersaremainfoodforotherlivingcreaturesnearthesea.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“squish“inparagraph3mean?
A.Avoid.B.Kill.C.Feed.D.Ignore.
10.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheeffectofprotectingmeasure?
A.Successful.B.Concerning.C.InsufficientD.Ridiculous.
11.Whatisasuitabletitlefbrthetext?
A.WhatSalamandersMeantoUs
B.AProperWaytoProtectOurEarth
CWaystoProtectSalamanders
D.A12-HourClosureforWildlife
【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了密執(zhí)安州的Marquette為了蛛媒而關(guān)閉夜間道路的情況。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Protectingtheblue-spottedsalamanders1migrationisvital,astheyareanindicator
species,informingusaboutthehealthofourenvironment.(保護(hù)藍(lán)斑蜘原遷徙是至關(guān)重要的,因?yàn)樗鼈兪且?/p>
種指示物種,可以告知我們環(huán)境的健康狀況)”可知,蝶嫄是我們環(huán)境健康狀況的體現(xiàn)者。故選C。
【9題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文"Itwasin2018thatEliBieri,afonnerNorthernMichiganUniversitystudent,
noticedvehicleswerekillinghundredsofthesemigratingsalamanders.(2018年,前北密歇根大學(xué)學(xué)生EliBieri
注意到車輛正在殺死數(shù)百只遷徙的蝶嫄)”可知,此處講述汽車經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí),會(huì)把一些蛛嫄遷徙的蛛嫄壓死。由
此可知,戈IJ線詞squish與kill“殺死”意思接近。故選B。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In2019,beforetheclosure,theyfound429salamandercarcasses(尸體)inthe
road.Lastyear,theycountedonly3carcasses.(2019年,在封城之前,他們?cè)诼飞习l(fā)現(xiàn)了429只蝶蜘尸體。去
年,他們只統(tǒng)計(jì)了3具尸體)”可知,施行道路階段封閉后,螺嫄的死亡數(shù)量大大降低。由此推知,采取的
保護(hù)措施是非常成功的。故選A。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"ThecityofMarquetteinMichiganisclosingasectionofaroadtovehiculartraffic
everynighttoprotectmigratingsalamanders(蛛!I原).From8p.m.to8a.m.dailyuntilApril15oruntilthe
migrationiscompleted,asectionofPeterWhiteDriveinPresqueIsleParkwillbeclosed,thecityannounced.(密
歇根州的馬奎特市每晚都會(huì)關(guān)閉一段道路,禁止車輛通行,以保護(hù)遷徙的蛛嫄。該市宣布,從每天晚上8
點(diǎn)到早上8點(diǎn),直到4月15日,或者直到遷移完成,普雷斯克島公園的彼得?懷特大道將關(guān)閉)”可知,
本文主要介紹了為拯救嫌?jì)?,政府所采取的夜?2小時(shí)道路為汽車關(guān)閉的措施。由此可知,A12-Hour
ClosurefbrWildlife(為野生動(dòng)物封閉12小時(shí))適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
D
AstudybyateamofNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore(NTUSingapore)psychologistshasfound
alinkbetweenextraverts(外向的人)andtheirwordchoices.Thefindinghighlightstheneedforstrongerlinguistic
indicatorstobedevelopedfbruseinonlinepersonalitypredictiontools,whicharebeingrapidlyadoptedby
companiestoimprovedigitalmarketingstrategies.
Today,marketingcompaniesusepredictivealgorithms(算法)tohelpthemforecastwhatconsumerswantbased
ontheironlinebehaviors.Forexample,anextravertconsumermightbeattractedtomarketingmessagesthatmatch
theirpersonality,andretailbrandscouldthenchoosetotargetsuchconsumersbyusingmoreextravertedandcreative
languagetoadvertisetheirproducts.However,personalitypredictiontoolsavailabletodaythatarcusedbymarketing
firmsarenotentirelyaccurateduetoalackoftheoreticallysounddesigns.Thismayleadtoaweaknessaffectingthe
performanceofthemachinelearningalgorithms.Thisbegsthequestion—howshouldwecreaterobustandaccurate
personalitypredictions?
Thestudyfoundacorrelationbetweenextravertsandtheirtendencytousecertaincategoriesofwords.The
resultsshowedasmallstrengthofrelationshipbetweenextraversionandtheuseof"positiveemotionwords"and
“socialprocesswords.”
Positiveemotionwordsaredefinedaswordsthatdescribeapleasantemotionalstate,suchas"love","happy”,
or“blessed",orthatindicatepositivityoroptimism,suchas“beautiftd"or"nice”.Socialprocesswordsinclude
wordscontainingpersonalpronounsexceptandwordsshowingsocialintentions,suchas"meet","share”and
“talk”.
Movingforward,theNTUresearchteamwillinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenextraversionandotherword
categories.Theyhopetheirworkwillprovideclarityonthetypesofwordsthatcanhelpguidethedevelopmentof
moreaccuratemachinelearningtoolsforpersonalityprediction.
12.Welearnfromthepassagethefindingsofthestudycanbeusedtohelp.
A.observeconsumers9behavior
B.forecasttheneedofcompanies
C.createpracticalpersonalitypredictions
D.findcorrelationbetweenextravertsandads
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“robust"meaninParagraph2?
A.Renewable.B.Forceful.C.Doubtful.D.Variable.
14.Whichofthefollowingwordsmaybelongtoextraverts5commonlyusedvocabulary?
A.Dispute.B.Interaction.C.Disaster.D.Loneliness.
15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?
A.Thedirectionoffutureresearch.
B.Thetheoreticalbasisofthestudy.
C.Thestrengthofbusinessstrategies.
D.Thedevelopmentofmachinelearningtools.
【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),外向者和他們的用詞之間存在聯(lián)系,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)突
出表明,需要開(kāi)發(fā)更強(qiáng)大的語(yǔ)言指標(biāo),用于在線個(gè)性預(yù)測(cè)工具,公司正在迅速采用這些工具來(lái)改進(jìn)數(shù)字營(yíng)
銷策略。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AstudybyateamofNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore(NTU
Singapore)psychologistshasfoundalinkbetweenextravertsandtheirwordchoices.Thefindinghighlights
theneedforstrongerlinguisticindicatorstobedevelopedforuseinonlinepersonalitypredictiontools,whichare
beingrapidlyadoptedbycompaniestoimprovedigitalmarketingstrategies.(新加坡南洋理工大學(xué)心理學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)
的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),外向者和他們的用詞之間存在聯(lián)系。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)突出表明,需要開(kāi)發(fā)更強(qiáng)大的語(yǔ)言指標(biāo),
用于在線個(gè)性預(yù)測(cè)工具,公司正在迅速采用這些工具來(lái)改進(jìn)數(shù)字營(yíng)銷策略)”可知,這項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用
來(lái)做出實(shí)際的性格預(yù)測(cè)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文uHowever,personalitypredictiontoolsavailabletodaythatareusedbymarketingfirms
arenotentirelyaccurateduetoalackoftheoreticallysounddesigns.(然而,由于缺乏理論上合理的設(shè)計(jì),如今
營(yíng)銷公司使用的人格預(yù)測(cè)工具并不完全準(zhǔn)確)”以及"Thisbegsthequestion—howshouldwecreaterobust
andaccuratepersonalitypredictions?(這就引出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題---我們應(yīng)該如何做出robust又準(zhǔn)確的性格預(yù)
測(cè)?)"可知,robust和accurate并列,為形容詞,表達(dá)意思相近,根據(jù)前文推測(cè)如今營(yíng)銷公司使用的人格預(yù)
測(cè)工具并不完全準(zhǔn)確,所以此處表達(dá)“我們應(yīng)該如何做出強(qiáng)有力而準(zhǔn)確的性格預(yù)測(cè)”之意,robust意為
“強(qiáng)有力的”之意,和B項(xiàng)“ForcefUl”意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Theresultsshowedasmallstrengthofrelationshipbetweenextraversionandtheuse
ofupositiveemotionwordsMand"socialprocesswords.”(結(jié)果顯示,外向性與"積極情緒詞匯"和"社
會(huì)過(guò)程詞匯”的使用之間存在一定程度的關(guān)系)”以及第四段“Positiveemotionwordsaredefinedaswords
thatdescribeapleasantemotionalstate,suchas"love","happy",or"blessed”,orthatindicatepositivityor
optimism,suchas“beautiful"or"nice”.Socialprocesswordsincludewordscontainingpersonalpronouns
exceptal",andwordsshowingsocialintentions,suchas"meet","share"and"talk".(積極情緒詞被定
義為描述愉快情緒狀態(tài)的詞,如“愛(ài)”、“快樂(lè)”或“有?!?,或表示積極或樂(lè)觀的詞,如“美麗”或
“好看”。社會(huì)過(guò)程詞包括除“我”外含有人稱代詞的詞,以及表示社會(huì)意圖的詞,如“見(jiàn)面”、“分
享”、“交談”)”結(jié)合選線可知,B項(xiàng)“Interaction交互作用”是社會(huì)過(guò)程詞,可能屬于外向者的常用詞
匯。故選B項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段**Movingforward,theNTUresearchteamwillinvestigatetherelationshipbetween
extraversionandotherwordcategories.Theyhopetheirworkwillprovideclarityonthetypesofwordsthatcan
helpguidethedevelopmentofmoreaccuratemachinelearningtoolsforpersonalityprediction/未來(lái),南洋理工大
學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)將調(diào)查外向性和其他詞匯類別之間的關(guān)系。他們希望他們的工作將澄清詞語(yǔ)的類型,幫助指
導(dǎo)開(kāi)發(fā)更準(zhǔn)確的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)工具,以進(jìn)行性格預(yù)測(cè))”可知,最后一段主要介紹南洋理工大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)未來(lái)
的研究方向。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Thereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.16However,thereisincreasing
evidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthisnotsomuchfattyfood,butitissomuchsugar.Heartdiseaseisthe
numberonekillerofAmericans.AndinAmerica,peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycaloriesormorethrough
sugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday(Journalofthe
AmericanMedicalAssociation,2021).Thisistrueregardlessofhowhealthytherestoftheirdietmightbe.Putit
moresimply,whilepeoplecontinuetoargueoverwhetherornotfattyfoodisdangerous,wealreadyknowthatsugar
isakiller.
17TheaverageAmericangets1/3ofhisorhersugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.TheAmericanHeart
Associationrecommendsthatwelimitourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesadayfromsugar,whichislessthan
whatisusuallycontainedinonecanofsweetdrinkorinasinglecandybar.18Youhavetostophaving
sweetdrinksaltogether.
Beyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferentcategoriesoffreshfoods,especiallyfruitand
vegetables,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfoods.19Theyhavehigher
quantitiesofsugar,salt,andfatthanfreshingredients(原料).Besidesthis,itisalsoimportanttohavesomemeat,
beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet,astheyprovidethenecessaryproteinforstrongbonesandmusclegrowth.
Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(適度)iskey.Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuchortoo
littleofanyonething.
Finally,afundamentalkeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimewhen
youstarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.Whatthismeansisthatpeoplewhochewtooquickly
endupeatingtoomuchfoodbecausetheystillfeelhungry.20Itwillalsoallowyoutoenjoyyourfood
more.
A.Processedfoodsoftencontainlessnutrition.
B.Don'tletfoodbecomethecentreofyourlife.
C.Eatingalargeamountoffoodeachtimeisnotnecessary.
DMuchofthisextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.
E.Eatingslowlyalsoallowsyourbodytodigestyourfoodbetter.
F.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts.
G.Forexample,scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.
【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.A20.E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。主要介紹健康飲食的組成。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)前文**Thereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.(現(xiàn)在關(guān)于健康飲食的組成有很
多爭(zhēng)論)“以及后文"However,thereisincreasingevidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthisnotsomuchfatty
fbod,butitissomuchsugar.(然而,越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,健康狀況不佳的真正原因不是高脂肪食物,而是
太多的糖)”可知,空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)過(guò)渡句,由爭(zhēng)論到具體的食物,所以G項(xiàng)“Forexample,scientistshave
insistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.(例如,科學(xué)家多年來(lái)一直堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,健康的一大敵
人是高脂肪食品)”符合文意,其中面tyfbod為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
分析設(shè)空,位于段首是本段的中心句,根據(jù)后文“TheaverageAmericangets1/30fhisorhersugarthrough
sweetdrinksalone.(美國(guó)人平均1/3的糖來(lái)自甜味飲料)”可知,本段主要講甜飲料中的糖分,所以D項(xiàng)
"Muchofthisextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.(這些額外的糖分大部分來(lái)自于糖果和甜飲
料)”符合文意,其中sweetdrinks為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“TheAmericanHeartAssociationrecommendsthatwelimitourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesa
dayfromsugar,whichislessthanwhatisusuallycontainedinonecanofsweetdrinkorinasinglecandybar.(美
國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)(AmericanHeartAssociation)建議我們將自己每天攝入的糖控制在100-150卡路里以內(nèi),這比
一罐甜飲料或一塊糖果中通常含有的熱量還要少)”以及后文“Youhavetostophavingsweetdrinks
altogether.(你必須完全停止喝含糖飲料)”可知,此處是在講應(yīng)該要控制每天的糖攝入量,所以F項(xiàng)“In
otherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts.(換句話說(shuō),如果你想要健康,你就得
少吃甜點(diǎn))”符合文意。故選F項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)前文uBeyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferentcategoriesoffreshfoods,especiallyfruit
andvegetables,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfbods.(除此之外,你可以通過(guò)食用不
同種類的新鮮食物來(lái)保持健康,尤其是富含維生素和纖維的水果和蔬菜,而不是加工食品)”以及后文
“Theyhavehigherquantitiesofsugar,salt,andfatthanfreshingredients.(它們比新鮮食材含有更多的糖、
鹽和脂肪)”可知,空處應(yīng)是講加工食品的壞處,所
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