2023年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及參考答案

2023年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及參考答案英語(yǔ)六級(jí)試卷采用多題多卷的形式，大家核對(duì)答案時(shí),找出具體選項(xiàng)，忽略套數(shù)。墨雨瀟瀟閣搜集整理了各個(gè)版本，僅供大家參考。第一套【SectionA】Conversation1M:Hello,Doctor.W:Hello,pleasetakeaseat.Ihaveyourtestresultshere,andit'sgoodnews.Thebloodtestcamebackclear.Thereisnoindicationofanydigestiveissues.M:Sothen,whydoIfeelsopoorlyallthetime?W:It'sprobablyduetooverworkandstress.M:No,itcan'tbe.I'vealwaysbeenworkinghard,butI'veneverfeltstress.Otherpeoplesufferandcomplainaboutthat,butIdon't.Itmustbesomethingelse.W:Whatyouhavejustdescribedisacommonsentiment.Manypeoplewhosufferfromstressfailtorecognizeit.Youtoldmeyouoftenworklongintothenight,right?M:Yes,mostdaysinfact.ButI'vebeendoingthatforabout20yearsnow.W:Thatdoesn'tmatter.Youcouldhavebeensufferingfromstressfor20yearswithoutknowingit.Andnowit'scatchinguptoyou.M:Butwhataboutmyfeelingtiredallthetime,andnotbeingabletosleepwellatnight?W:Thosearecommonconsequencesofstress.Andifyoudon'tsleepwell,thenofcourseyouwillfeelfatigued.I'mgoingtoprescribesomespecialsleepingpillsforyou.Theyhaveasoft,gentleeffect,andaremadefromnaturalingredients.Soyourstomachshouldtoleratethemfine,andthereshouldn'tbeanynegativesideeffects.Takeonewithyourdinner,andcomeseemeafteramonth.Ifthereisnoimprovement,I'llgiveyousomethingstronger.M:Thankyou,Doctor.W:That'snotall.Youshouldtryandworkless.Isthereanywayyoucandecreaseyourworkload?M:Um,I'dhavetothinkaboutit.I'marestaurantmanager,andthisindustryisverycompetitive.Therearemanythingstokeeptrackofandstayontopof.W:Irecommendyouthinkaboutdelegatingsomeresponsibilitiestosomeoneelse.I'mnotaskingyoutoretire,justtoslowdownabit.It'sforyourownhealth.題目Q1:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromhistestresults?Q2:Whatdoesthewomanthinkisacommonphenomenonamongmanypeople?Q3:Whatdoesthewomansayshewilldofortheman?Q4:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheindustryheisengagedin?Conversation2W:TodayonPeopleintheNews,ourguestisJohnWilliams.Thenamemaynotsoundfamiliartoyou,butJohnwasonceanacclaimedbasketballplayer.John,youstunnedfansbyleavingthesportatjust25.Whydidyouretiresoearly?M:Meg,Ilovedbeinganathlete,butIdidn'tlovebeingacelebrity.IwasinthelimelightwhenIwasstillahighschoolstudent,andwentprofessionalrightafterhighschoolgraduation,whichwasamistake.Iwasashykid,andIwasn'treadyforallthemediaattention.W:Butwalkingawayfrommillionsofdollarsattheheightofyourcareer?Mostpeoplewouldn'tbeabletoresistthelureofsuchahighsalary.Whenyouleftthesport,therewasspeculationthatyouwerehavingissueswithyourteammates,orevenaninjury.M:Notatall.Itwashardtoquit.Iwastemptedtostayinthegame,becauseIlovedbasketball,andIlovedmyteam.Asformoney,Iturnedprofessionalat18,soI'dactuallyearnedalotandsavedmostofit,becauseIhadgreatfinancialadvisors.Iknewbasketballwasn'tacareerwithalotoflongevityformostplayers.SoIwantedtochangecareerswhileIwasstillyoung.W:Okay,thatwas20yearsago,andyou'rebackinthenews.You'vecreatedafoundationthatworkstogetmorekidsplayingteamsports.Why?M:Iwenttouniversity,andIstudiedpublichealthandlearnedabouttheseriousnessoftheobesityepidemic,particularlyamongkidsandadolescentsinpoorcommunities.I'vespentthelasttwodecadestryingtoalleviatetheproblem.TheFoundationisjustthelatestattempt.W:TheFoundationusesprivatedonationstosupportbasketballteamsforgirlsandboysinprimaryschool,right?M:Actually,wesupportteamsforsecondaryschoolstudents,too.Andalsohassomepublicfunding.題目Q5:WhydidJohnWilliamsleavethesportofbasketballatjust25?Q6:Whatdoesthemansayaboutbasketballasacareerformostplayers?Q7:WhatdowelearnfromthewomanaboutJohnWilliams20yearslater?Q8:Whathasthemanspentthelasttwodecadestryingtodo?【SectionB】Passage1KateAtkinsonwasborninYork,Englandin1951.Sheworkedhardtogainhercredentialsasanauthor.ShestudiedEnglishliteratureatUniversityinScotland.Aftergraduatingin1974,sheresearchedadoctorateonAmericanliterature.Later,shetaughtattheuniversityshegraduatedfrom,andbeganwritingshortstoriesin1981.Shebeganwritingforwomen'smagazinesafterwinningthe1986Women'sOwnShortStoryCompetition.Herfirstnovel,BehindtheScenesattheMuseum,wonthe1995UKBookoftheYearaward.ThebookissetinYorkshireandhasbeenadaptedforradio,theatre,andTV.ShehaswrittentwoplaysforatheatreinEdinburgh.ThefirstwascalledNiceandthesecond,Abandonment,performedaspartoftheEdinburghFestivalinAugust2000.WhatevergenreAtkinsonwritesin,herbookstouchonthethemesofloveandlossandhowtocarryon.Theyarealwayspresentedwithingenuityandawickedsenseofhumor.Herbookstendtobepopulatedbyodd,sometimessinful,andgenerallyflawedeccentricswhobecomecrediblebyvirtueofbeingsofullyrealized.Herbookshavefrequentlybeendescribedascomediesofmanners.Thatistosay,comediesthatrepresentthecomplexandsophisticatedcodeofbehaviorcurrentinfashionablecirclesofsociety.Whereappearancescountmorethantruemoralcharacter.Acomedyofmannerstendstorewarditscleveranddeceitfulcharacters,ratherthanpunishtheirbaddeeds.Thehumorofacomedyofmannersreliesonverbalwitandplayfulteasing.題目Q9:WhendidKateAtkinsonbegintowriteforwomen'smagazines?Q10:WhatdidKateAtkinson'sbookstouchon?Q11:Whatdowelearnaboutthecleveranddeceitfulcharactersinacomedyofmanners?Passage2Whyisadaptabilityanimportantskilltoexerciseintheworkplace?Simplyput,adaptabilityisaskillemployersareincreasinglylookingfor.Whenyouspendtimelearninganewtaskratherthanresistingit,yourproductivitygoesup.Youcanalsoserveasanexampletoyourco-workerswhomaybehavingtroubleadapting,andcanhelpleadyourteamforward.Strategyconsultant,DoriClark,explainsittousthisway.I'dsaythatadaptabilityisanimportantskillintheworkplacebecause,frankly,circumstanceschange.Competitorsintroducenewproducts,theeconomymightenterarecession,customerpreferencesdifferovertime,andmore.Ifyoushakeyourfistattheskyandsaywhycan'titstaythesame,that'snotgoingtodoverymuchgood.Instead,youneedtorecognizewhencircumstanceshavechanged.Soyoucantakeappropriateactionbasedonwhatis,ratherthanhowyouwishtheworldwouldbe.Thatenablesyoutomakemoreaccurateinformandeffectivechoices.Also,theworkplaceitselfhasbeenevolving.Today'sworkcultureandmanagementstyleisoftenbasedonteamwork,ratherthanarigidhierarchy.Brainstorming,whichrequirescreativity,flexibility,andemotionalintelligence,isatypicalproblemsolvingtechnique.Employeeswhoareunableorunwillingtoparticipatewillnoteasilymoveforwardinthecompany.Employeeswhoareflexibledemonstrateotherskillstoo.Theycanreprioritizequicklywhenchangesoccurandsuggestadditionalmodificationswhensomethingisnotworking.Theycanalsoregroupquicklywhenasetbackoccurs,adaptingtothenewsituationconfidentlyandwithoutoverreacting.題目Q12:Whydoesthespeakersayadaptabilityisanimportantskilltoexerciseintheworkplace?Q13:WhatdoesadaptabilityenableustodoaccordingtostrategyconsultantDoryClark?Q14:Whatdowelearnabouttoday'sworkculturefromthepassage?Q15:Whatareemployeeswithadaptabilityabletodowhenchangesoccur?【SectionC】Lecture1Whatmakeshumansdifferentfromotherspecies?Somephilosophersargueit'smoralsorethics.Whilesomescientistsassertit'sourgreatercognitivedevelopment,butIarguethatthemaindifferenceisourdesiretocombatroutine.Thismakesbeingcreativeabiologicalmandate,aswhatweseekinartandtechnologyissurprise,notsimplyafulfillmentofexpectations.Asaresult,awildimaginationhascharacterizedthehistoryofourspecies.Webuildintricatehabitats,devisecomplexrecipesforourfood,wearclothesthatreflectconstantchangesinfashion,communicatewithelaboratesigns,symbols,andsounds,andtravelbetweenhabitatsonwingsandwheelsofourowndesign.Tosatisfyourappetitefornovelty,innovationiskey.Butwhoinnovates?Now,manypeople,bothlaymenandexperts,believethatonlygeniusesinnovate.ButIbelievethatinnovationisnotsomethingthatonlyafewpeopledo.Theinnovativedrivelivesineveryhumanbrain,andtheresultingwaragainsttherepetitiveiswhatpowersthemassivechangesthatdistinguishonegenerationfromthenext.Thedrivetocreatethenewisatraitofbeinghuman.Webuildculturesbythehundredsandtellnewstoriesbythemillions.Wecreateandsurroundourselveswiththingsthathaveneverexistedbefore,whileanimalsdonot.Butwheredoournewideascomefrom?Accordingtomany,newideascomefromseeminglynowhere,togreatminds.Fromthisperspective,newideasarealmostlikemagic.Theycomeinaflashofinspirationtoaselectfew.However,therealityisthat,acrossthespectrumofhumanactivities,Priorworkpropelsthecreativeprocess.Wemaythinkofinnovationasbeingtheresultofinspirationorgenius,butit'sreallytheresultofdevelopingtheideasofothersfurther.Thishappensintechnology,whereoneinventionenablesorinspiresfurtherinventions.Andithappensinthearts,aswriters,composers,andpainters.Usetheworkofpreviousartistsintheirownwork.Thehumanbrainworksfromprecedent.Wetaketheideaswe'veinheritedandputthemtogetherintosomenewshape.Whatisatruecreator?Isacreatorageniuswhomakessomethingoutofnothing?No.Creatorsaresimplyhumanswhousewhattheyinheritwhoabsorbthepastandmanipulateittocreatepossiblefutures.Thus,humansarecreatorsasaruleratherthanasanexception.題目Q16:Whatquestiondoesthespeakeraddressinthistalk?Q17:Whatdoesthespeakerbelieveaboutinnovation?Q18:Howdoesthehumanbrainworkaccordingtothespeaker?Lecture2[inaudible]tellyouthattheirdogsomehowknowswhenthey'reillorupset,and,accordingtoresearcherswhostudydogcognition,thosepetownersareright.Dogsdoknowwhentheirhumancompanionsarehavingaroughtime.Notonlycanyourdogsensewhenyouhaveacold,butdomesticdogshaveshownanaptitudefordetectingbothmuchsmallermoodfluctuationsandfarmoreseriousphysicalconditions.Thisisbecausedogsareextremelysensitivetochangesinthepeoplethey'refamiliarwith,andillnesscauseschange.Ifapersonisinfectedwithavirusorbacteria,forexample,theirodourwillbeabnormal,anddogsareabletosmellthatchangeevenifahumancan't,becausedogshaveamuchmorepowerfulsenseofsmellthanhumans.Researchershavealsofoundthataperson'smood,whichcanbeanindicatorofalargerillness,triggersadog'ssenseofsmell.Humanemotionsmanifestphysicallyinchemicalsignalsthatareemittedbythebody,anddogsareabletosmellthoseaswell.Beyondsmell,dogsgatherinformationfromaperson'svoiceinordertosensechanges.In2014,Researchersdiscoveredthatdogshaveanareaofthebrainsimilartooneinhumansthatallowsthemtounderstandemotionalcuesinthetoneofaspeaker'svoice,beyondwhatthey'dbeabletopickupfromfamiliarwordsalone.Aperson'svoicecanalsocarryindicatorsofillness.What'snotunderstoodquitesowelliswhatdogsunderstandaboutthesechanges.Humanssendoutlotsofcues,butwhetherdogsknowsomeofthesecuesmeanillnessisn'tclear.Whatweperceiveasconcernonadog'spartmightbemorelikeincreasedcuriosityorsuspicionthatsomethingiswrongwithus,andstickingclosebyisagreatwaytogathermoreinformationaboutthesituation.Someresearchersassertdogswillonedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosediseases.Assomedogshavealreadydemonstratedtheabilitytodetectanassortmentofailments,includingdiabetesandcertaintypesofcancer.Butthoseresearchersconcedethat'sprobablyinthedistantfuture.Fornow,researchsuggestsdogownershipcanhaveanarrayofbenefitsinandofitself.Keepingapetdoghasbeenshowntobolsterhealthandboostmood.Dogsalsohelppeoplerelax,andtheycanbeaparticularcomforttothosewithchronicdiseases.題目Q19:Whatviewofmanydogownerswinssupportfromresearchersstudyingdogcognition?Q20:Whycandogsdetecttheirowner'sabnormalodor,accordingtothespeaker?Q21:Whatdoesresearchsuggest,fornow,aboutdogownership?Lecture3Earlierthismonth,thethinktankcalledOnwardpublishedareportAQuestionofDegree,whicharguesthatdegreesinthecreativeartsarenotgoodvalueformoney.Ministers,accordingtoOnward,shouldcrackdownoncoursesthatofferextremelylimitedvalueformoneytostudentstenyearsaftergraduation,restrictingtheabilityofsuchcoursestorecruitnewstudents,iftheaveragegraduateearnsbelowthestudentloanspaymentthreshold.Courseslikescience,technology,engineering,andmath,andeconomics,wheretheaveragegraduateearnsalot,shouldbefavored.Thereportprovidesinsightintoagovernmentreviewwhichlooksathowtoreformtechnicaleducationandhowtoensurestudentsgetgoodvalueformoney.Atfirstglance,itmightevenseemlikeOnwardhaveapoint.Accordingtotheirdata,themajorityofcreativeartsstudentsearnlessthan25,000poundsayear,tenyearsaftergraduation.Theaveragemalecreativeartsstudents,indeed,apparentlyearnmuchlessthantheywouldhadtheysimplynevergonetouniversity.Thisisn'treallygoodforanyone,andit'scertainlynogoodforgraduates,whoareforcedtoendurealifestylewheretheycanneversaveup,neverbuyahouse,neverhopetoretire.Onwardhaveidentifiedarealproblem.CreativeartsgraduatesfromtopuniversitieslikeOxford,withahighproportionofprivatelyeducatedstudents,havefairlygoodworkprospects.Well,40percentofallgraduates,regardlessoftheirdegree,areonlessthan25,000poundsayear,5yearsaftergraduation.Thissuggeststhattheproblemisn'treallytodowithspecificstudentsstudyingspecificdegrees,butreallywiththeeconomyasawhole.Regardlessofwhatthey'vestudied,youngpeoplefindithardtogetahead,unlessthey'reluckyenoughtobebornwithsuccessfulparents.Ifministerswanttomakeeducationpayforyoungpeople,theyneedtolookbeyondthehighereducationsector,towardsthewiderworld.Therewardsthateducationgivesusarenotmeasurable.Theyarenotalwaysinstantlyobvious,andcertainlynotalwaysdirect.Aneducationmakesyouadifferentpersonfromtheoneyouwouldhavebeenifyouhadn'treceivedit.Weneedtolookatthevalueofeducation,notinthecontextofabankbalance,butofalife.Ifwecontinuetoallowourselvestobedistractedwithtalkofvalueformoney,wewillallbemadepoorerasaresult.題目Q22:WhatdoesOnward'sreportproposeministersshoulddo?Q23:WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofOnward'sarguments?Q24:WhatdowelearnaboutBritishcollegegraduatesfiveyearsaftergraduation?Q25:WhatdoesthespeakersayactuallyaccountsfortheproblemidentifiedbyOnward?第二套【SectionA】

Conversation1W:

So,I'vebeenthinking,thissummer,insteadofourusualholidayrental,I'd

[1]

liketotryrentingacampervanandexploringabitmore.M:

Acampervan?Youmeantospendthesummerlivingoutofacar?W:

Yes,acampervan.Andno,it'snothinglikelivingoutofacar.Thesearepropervanswithfullsizebedstosleepin.Someevenhavekitchens.Thisway,wewouldn'thavetobelockedintooneplaceduringourholiday.We'dbeabletovisitsomanymoreplacesandtravelatourownpace.Theratesofmosthotelsandholidayhomesreallysoarinthesummeranyway.We'dprobablysavealotofmoneyaswell.M:

[2]

Ithinkmygrandfatherhadavanlikethat.Itdoesn'tsoundthatappealingtome.W:

Today'scampervansarecompletelydifferent.Thesedays,they'reequippedwithallthemoderncomforts.I'veseenquiteafewwithsolarpanelsthatprovideelectricityforwhenyou'restopped.Thisway,

[3]youcanstilluseyourcomputerorchargeyourphone.

AndmostevenhaveWi-Fi,soiftheweather'snotgreat,youcouldstreamvideos.M:

I'mwarminguptotheidea.Keeptalking.W:

Loadsofpeoplearecommittingtothistrendfulltime.Checkitoutonline.Lotsofpeoplestreamvideosoftheiralternativelifestylesandactuallyearnasalary.

[4]Imaginehavingthatkindoffreedomtogoanywhereyouwantandworkfromanywhereintheworld.M:

Okay,wecanconsiderit.Aslongasthebasicneedsliketoiletandshowersarecovered,I'mdefinitelyin.Doyouthinktherewillbeenoughroomformymountainbike?Whataboutfooddelivery?Willwebeabletoordertothevan?Willtherebeenoughspaceforthedog?Wewouldn'twanttoleavehimbehind.W:

Slowdown.Gladyou'reexcitedaboutit.Let'sstartbylookingatwhat'savailablefirst.題目Q1:

Whathasthewomanbeenthinkingofdoingforthissummer?Q2:

Whatdowelearnabouttheman'sgrandfatherfromtheconversation?Q3:

Whatcanmanycampervansdonowadaysaccordingtothewoman?Q4:

Whatideadoesthewomanfindattractive?

Conversation2W:

Youwantedtoseeme?M:

Yes,I'llgetstraighttothepoint.

[5]Overthepastmonthorso,ithasbecomeapparentthatyourperformancehasdipped.

You'vebeenlatetoworkseveraltimesthesepastfewweeks,whichisveryuncharacteristicofyou.Butwhatreallyconcernsmeisyourcurtailedoutput.Lately,youseemtobeconstantlyonestepbehind.What'sgoingon?W:

I'msorry,

[6]I'mgoingthroughsomeunfortunatefamilyissuesatthemoment.

It'sapersonalmatter,soifyoudon'tmind,Imuchpreferwedon'tgetintoit.Nevertheless,Iexpectittohaveallblownoverinanothermonthorso.M:

Doyouneedsometimeoff?W:

Actually,yes.WoulditbepossibletotakethenexttwoMondaysoff?IwasdeliberatingwhetherIshouldaskforthis,butnowthatwe'rehere.M:

Surething.Butifyouneededsomeleave,whydidn'tyouaskforitearlier?W:

I'mnotsurewhy.IguessIkindoffeltbadaskingforit.M:

Youshouldn'tfeelbadaskingforleave,especiallyifyouneedit.W:

Iknow.You'reright.I'msorry.M:

You'vebeenwithusalmostfiveyears,

[7]

andIpersonallyreallyvalueyourproficiencyatyourjob.

Itmakesmyjobfareasier.

Inaddition,Icanassureyouthatmanagementasawholealsoholdsyouinhighregard.W:

Thankyou.M:

[8]

WhatIneedisforyoutobebackatyour100%.AreyousuretakingtwoMondaysoffwillsuffice?W:

It'llbeenough.I'msureofit.M:

Okay,good.Sothisiswhatwe'regoingtodo.Youwilltakethosedaysoff,andIexpectthatyouwillgraduallycomebacktoyourusualself.Then,intwomonthstime,wewillcatchupagaintoseehowyouarefaring.W:

Soundsgood.Thankyouforyourunderstanding.題目Q5:

Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheman'sdescription?Q6:

Whatdoesthewomansayshe'sexperiencingatthemoment?Q7:

Whatdoesthemansaymakeshisjobfareasier?Q8:

Whatagreementhavethespeakersreachedbytheendoftheconversation?【SectionB】

Passage1Therearemanyfactorsthatimpactourhealth.Theseincludeourfinances,ouremotions,andthewaywework.Educationisonesuchfactor.

[9]Researchsuggeststhathigherlevelsofeducationcanleadtobetterhealthandevengreaterlongevity.

Butwhatabouttheeducationofyourpartner?Newresearchseekstoanswerthisquestion.Researchersusedatafromalongitudinalstudy.Thedatacamefromsurveysfirstadministeredtohighschoolseniorsin1957.Thesurveysendedin2011.Theteamfoundthatapersonwhosespousehadahigherlevelofeducationtendedtoreportbetterhealth.Thisremainedthecasewhenadjustingforotherfactors,suchasparticipantsowneducation,socialbackground,andhealthstatusbeforeandaftermarriage.Theauthorssuggestthathighlevelsofeducationprovidesharedsocial,intellectual,emotional,andfinancialresources.Theseincludethingslikehigherlevelsofemotionalintelligence,particularskillsorknowledge,ormoremoney.

[10]Theresearchersconcedethatanindividual'sownlevelofeducationisclearlyimportantfortheirhealth,buttheyassertthatindividualsalsocanreapthebenefitsoftheirpartner'seducation.

Itisnoteworthythattheeffectsvariedbygender.Forwomen,healthwasmorecloselycorrelatedtotheirspouse'seducationthanformen.Theteamsuggeststhismayberelatedtothetimeperiodofthestudy.

[11]Womeninthissamplehadlowerlevelsofeducationandloweroccupationalachievementsthanthemen.

Theresearcher'shypothesisisthatthismadethehusband'sresourcesmorelikelytohaveasharedimpact.題目Q9:

Whatdoesresearchsuggestaboutahigherlevelofeducation?Q10:

Whatdowelearnfromthefindingofthenewresearch?Q11:

Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthemeninthesampleofthenewresearch?

Passage2Climatescientistspredictthatmanypartsoftheworldwillbeincreasinglypronetofloods.

[12]Thisisaseriousrisktohumanlivesandproperty,sounderstandingandaccuratelyforecastingfloodrisksisakeychallengeforvulnerablecitiesaroundtheglobe.

In2017,DerekRoloftisoftheVirginiaInstituteofMarineSciencestartedaprojectcalledCatchtheKing.Itusesasmartphoneapp.tocollectthedataofordinarycitizensduringhightides.

[13]

He'llusethosedatatovalidateandimprovehismathematicalfloodingmodelcalledTideWatch.Loftusmissionistoknowwherethewatergoesbeforeitgoesthere.

Butcollectingnecessarydataandthenprocessingthatinformationquicklyenoughtomakeusableforecastsisanythingbuteasy.Accuratefloodforecastsrequireanunderstandingofthesituationontheground.Bytheearly2000s,supercomputinghadadvancedenoughthatscientistscouldintegrateweatherforecastingmodelswithsuchmeasurements.

[14]Buttheystilldidn'thavethecriticallyimportantabilitytoforecastfastmovingfloodsinrealtime.[15]So,in2017,Loftisandcolleaguessetupagroupof28internetconnectedwaterlevelsensorsthroughoutthefloodriskcommunityofNorfolk,Virginia.

ThenewsensorsrelayroughmeasurementsaboutwaterheightandmovementtoacomputerattheVirginiaInstitute.Alongwiththosesensors,hundredsoflocalcitizenstakephotosofrisingtidesandtransmitthemrealtimetotheInstitute.Scientistshopethatthedatacollectedbythesecitizenscanhelpsharpentheabilitytoforecastexactlywhenandwheredamagingfloodswilloccur.題目Q12:

Whatissaidtobeakeychallengeforcitiespronetofloods?Q13:

ForwhatpurposedoesDerekLoftuscollectthedataofordinarycitizensduringhightides?Q14:

WhatdoesthepassagesayisDerekLoftusmission?Q15:

WhatdidLoftusandhiscolleaguesdotoobtaindataaboutwaterheightandmovement?【SectionC】

Lecture1[16]Now,it'sbecomesomethingofaritualtodebatethevalueofacollegedegree,

butascurrentpopulationsurveydatashow,therehasbeenasharpdeclineinemploymentamongmenwithoutcollegedegreescomparedwiththosewhohavethem.Thisdeclinebeganinthe1960sandhasbecomemoreseriousovertime.Whathasactuallycausedthisdecline?Well,economistshavebeenworkingtoascertaintherootsofthedeclinefordecadesandhavecomeupwithseveraltheories.Onepopulartheoryisthatit'sacaseoftoolowwagesforjobsthatdon'trequireadegree.Analternatetheoryisthatthereweremorejobsnotrequiringacollegedegreeinthepastthannow.ArecentworkingpaperfromtheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchreviewedthosetheoriesandputforwardadditionalhypothesesaboutthecausesoftheproblem.Let'slookatthatpapernow.

[17]

First,theresearchersconsideredtheissueofwages.

Asthewagegaphasgrownbetweenthosewithcollegedegreesandthosewithout,economistshavesuggestedthatmenaren'tasinterestedintakingsomeofthelesslucrativejobs.Whiletheauthorsofthepaperfoundtruthinthisexplanation,theyassertthatlowwagescan'tbetheonlyfactor,aswagesformenwithoutcollegedegrees,adjustingforinflation,haven'tchangedmuchsincethe1960s,makingithardtoseewhyfewermenseemwillingtoacceptthosewages.Thisleadstothesecondtheory,thatmorejobsrequireacollegedegreetodaythaninthepast.Indeed,thattheoryseemsvalid,becauseinAmericatoday,2/3ofjobsarefilledbyworkerswithatleastsomecollegeeducation.However,theauthorsofthepaperarguethatthereareotherfactorsamplifyingtheproblem.Theyidentifiedtwonewpotentialexplanations.

[18]Thefirstbeingthetremendousdeclineinmarriageamongmenwithoutcollegedegreessincethe1960s.Andthesecond,beingtheincreaseinwomenparticipatingintheworkforcethatwasconcurrentwiththedeclineinmarriage.Thesetwochangesmeanthatmenmightnothavefamiliestosupport,oriftheydo,theirwivesmightbedoingmoreoftheproviding,bothofwhichmightremovethefinancialincentivetowork.Theauthorsofthepaperconcedethatresearchonthesubjectisn'tcomplete,buttheyarguethattheirworksupportsthevalueofacollegeeducation.

題目Q16:

Whatdoesthespeakersayhasbecomesomethingofaritual?

Q17:

Whatdidtheresearchersofarecentworkingpaperconsiderfirst?

Q18:

Whatdidtherecentpaperidentifyasanewpotentialexplanationoftheproblemconcerningmen'semployment?

Lecture2Whileanincreasingnumberofpeoplearetryingtoeatlessmeat,amarketresearchteamhasfoundinitslatestfashionandsustainabilityreportthatthetrendisnowspreadingfromkitchentocloset.[19]Itfoundanimalwelfarecametopofalistofissuesthatpeopleconsideredbeforebuyingclothes,with42%sayingitwasimportanttothem.Theresearchersoftheteampredictedthatthenextyearwouldseeaboominanimalfreeshoecollections,sincetheyheardshoppersofallagessaytheywouldbuyfootweardesignatedasvegan,meaningthegoodswereproducedwithoutusinganyanimaloranimalpart.Aswellasbeingontrend,andwithamuchbetterringtoitthansyntheticleather,theveganlabeldoesconveyanimportantextradistinction.Ifyoulabelsomethingasvegan,