【初高中銜接】專題10 定語從句

2022年初升高英語無憂銜接（通用版）專題10定語從句Iliketheteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago.Weboughtsomericethat/whichMrDongsoldintheliveroom.Weadmiretheteacherwhoseeyesaresmallbutfullofwisedom.TheliveroomwheretheteacherspeakEnglishandChineseattractsmanypeople.TheteachersoldsomethingbyspeakingEnglishthisFridaywhenmanysuperstarssupportedhim.Readandpayattentiontotheclausesinred.

定語從句是整個句子充當定語,來修飾名詞或代詞。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟先行詞。定從一般用關系代詞或關系副詞引導，關系詞在含義上替代先行詞,并在定語從句中充當一個成分。Themanwho

cametoseemethismorningismycousin.今天早晨來看我的人是我表弟.

先行詞定語從句關系代詞作主語，不可省

關系代詞：代人:who（主語/賓語），whom（賓語）代物:which（主語/賓語）代人或物:that(主語/賓語)whose

某人的/某物的,（先行詞的所有格)；關系代詞在從句中做主語，不能省略;做賓語，可以省略。

關系副詞：where

表示地點，在定從中作地點狀語;when

表示時間，在定從中作時間狀語;why

表示原因，在定從中作原因狀語。

1.Doyouknowthelady

_____gaveusaspeechlastweek?(who,that)2.Thebook

______costme1,200yuanisanencyclopaedia.(which,that)3.Heisaman

_____weshouldlearnfrom.(whom,who,that,/)4.Thatistheplace

______Iwasborn.(where)5.Thetool

______heisworkingwithiscalledatinopener.(which,that,/)Thetoolwith_____heisworkingiscalledatin-opener.

(which)eg:ThebookisforthepeoplewhosenativelanguageisnotEnglish.eg:whosecoverisred.Iboughtabook｛thecoverofwhichisred.ofwhichthecoverisred.eg:Childernwhoseparentsaredeadarecalledorphans.6.Thegiftwassentbyherson____isservinginthe

army.

(who,that)7.

Thegiftwassentbyherson,whoisservinginthearmy.(6,限制性定從,限定作用;7,非限制性定從,補充修飾作用)8.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass

_____homesareinPudongnewarea?(whose)9.Theyhaveinvitedustovisittheirschool,whichisverykindofthem.

(非限制性定從中的which還可以指代前面一句話!!!)0.Theroadwaswidened,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.關系代詞whichwho/whomthat關系副詞whenwherewhy訣竅:先找定語從句所修飾的先行詞;再判斷定從里缺少成分嗎?如缺成分,缺的是什么成分?主語還是賓語?

只用that,不能用which的5種情況A.當先行詞是不定代詞時(anything，everything，nothing，all，little)1.Doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?2.Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.3.I’mnotinterestedinallthathetoldme.=I’mnotinterestedinwhathetoldme.（賓從）

B.當先行詞被最高級形容詞所修飾時,1.ThisisthehighestbuildingthatIhaveeverseen.2.Doyouthinkthisisthemostpowerfulcomputerthathaseverbeeninvented?C.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時1.Thesecondquestionthatwasdiscussedatthemeetingwasthemostimportant.2.Thisisthelastbookthatisonmyreadinglist.D.當先行詞被all，no，only，any，very，just，much等詞修飾時ThisistheverybookthatI’vebeenlookingfor.ThisistheonlyexamplethatIcangiveyou.E.當先行詞由人和物共同組成Herearethepeopleandthebooksthat/OIlove.不能用that的兩種情況A.在非限制性定語從句中1.We’vecollectedmanystamps,whichareallverynice.2.ThisnotewasleftbyMr.Wu,whowashereamomentago.B.在介詞后面1.Thisiscountrytowhichhewantstogo.2.

Atourschool,thereareabout

200foreignstudents,mostofwhomarefromEurope.asas也是關系代詞，用于1.Such…as…和thesame…as…結構中Iwanttobuysuchaskirtasyouarewearing.Iwanttobuythesameskirtasyouarewearing.(比較:Iwanttobuythesameskirtthatyouarewearing.)2.或在非限制性定語從句中表示前面整個句子.Shehasdoneagoodjob,asweallknow.Asweallknow,shehasdoneagoodjob.way做先行詞?Way做先行詞,表示方式方法:定語從句中,可以用1.inwhich2.that3.O1.WallanceandDarwinagreedontheway

inwhichdifferentformsoflifehadbegun.2.Thewayinwhichthesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.3.Thewaythatthesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.4.Thewaythesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.5.Musiciansrarelyagreeonthewayapieceofmusicshouldbeplayed.名師點撥1.Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneof____isaprofessor.

2.Theoldwomanhastwosons,andoneof_____isaprofessor.(1.whom,2.them)3.Doyouknowwhyhewasabsent?（賓從）

4.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewasabsent?（定從）

5.Doyouknowthereasonwhich(that)mayexplainhisabsence?（定語從句）

以上三句含義相同，句式不同。

6.Thereasonthatyouwereillyesterdayisnotaccepted.（你昨天生病的原因沒有被接受。）

這是一句“同位語”從句的句子，“reason”與“youwereillyesterday”表達的是同等意思，因此關系詞不能用“which”，只能用“that”。

7.

Thenewsthatourteamwonthegamemadeusexcited.（我們隊贏的消息使我們激動.同位語從句）

8.Thenewswhich(that)Iheardthroughtheradioisexciting.（我從廣播中聽到的消息令人激動.定語從句）

9.定語從句中的插入語Hemadeaspeech,whichIthoughtwasofgreatimportance.Jimmyistheboy,whoeverybodybelieveswillwinthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.在上述句子中，Ithought,everybodybelieves是插入語，還有Isuppose,everybodyknows等在定語從句中出現(xiàn)，容易受其迷惑而用錯關系詞。比如在上述第二句中就不能用“whom”，因為“who”是從句的主語，而“everybodybelieves”是插入語。因此在有插入語的定語從句中，考慮用什么關系代詞或副詞時，可暫時不考慮插入語，以免受其迷惑。

定語從句注意事項1.關系代詞代替先行詞在定從中作主語時，定從謂動必須遵循時態(tài)和語態(tài)規(guī)則。eg:Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingtoourheadteacher?eg:Themountainclimberswhoweretrappedinthestormwerefinallysaved.

定語從句注意事項

2.定語從句中的主謂一致問題：eg:Hetoldthenewstothosewhowerepresentatthemeeting.3.先行詞在定從中所做的成分必須用詞替代。eg:ThewatchIboughtit(it取掉)yesterdayhasgonewrong.4.關系代詞的省略：僅是代替先行詞在定從中作賓語時。定語從句注意事項eg:TheexpertwevisitedlastweekisfromShanghai.5.先行詞是人且在從句中作賓語時關系代詞可以是that,whom,who,或不填。6.that,why不能引導非限定性定從，其余均可且用法同限定性定從一樣。定語從句注意事項

7.非限定性定從與簡單句和并列句的差別。eg:Shehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Shehastwosons.Bothofthemaredoctors.Shehastwosons,andbothofthemaredoctors.定語從句注意事項8.先行詞是時間，地點，原因時，定從的引導詞要分情況。先行詞在定從中作主語，賓語時，用that,which。作狀語時，用when,where（可用介詞加which替換）,why或forwhich。Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespentinShanghai.IstillrememberthedaywhenwespenttheSpringFestivalinShanghai.Istillremembertheschoolthat/whichwevisitedinShanghai.IstillremembertheschoolwherewestudiedinShanghai.定語從句注意事項

9.先行詞是theway（方式，方法）且在從句中作主語或賓語時，用that或which。若作方式狀語則用that,inwhich或不填。eg:Doyoulikethewayhetoldus?Doyoulikethewayhetreatsothers?1Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.

A.ofwhich

B.duringwhich

C.fromwhich

D.forwhich鞏固練習

2.Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.how

B.which

C.where

D.that3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.

A.inwhich

B.bywhich

C.which

D.that4.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

A.where

B.that

C.when

D.which5.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthat

B.ofwhich

C.that

D.which6.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthem B.bothofthem C.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhom7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis1.Theperson_________________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto______youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.3.Thegames__________hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin______hecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhichCompletethefollowingsentencesusingattributiveclauses.5.Thepoorboy_________lostbothhisparentslastyearliveswithhisgrandfather.6.Thisisthefactory__