時態(tài)語態(tài)復習

一、動詞時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)即時間和狀態(tài)。英語的時態(tài)從時間上來看，可分為“現(xiàn)在”，“過去”，“將來“和”過去將來“四大類。狀態(tài)為一般、進行、完成和完成進行四類。動詞共有十六種不同時態(tài)，但常用的時態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、將來完成時和將來進行時

時間狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般動原過去式will/shall+動原would/should+動原進行am/is/are+現(xiàn)分was/were+現(xiàn)分will/shall+be現(xiàn)分完成have/has+過分had+過分完成進行have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)分一般現(xiàn)在時1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作(習慣性的動作)或存在的狀態(tài).常always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday等詞連用.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Hesometimesgoestoseeafilmwithhisparents.2.

表示客觀事實或普通真理（不受時間限制)TheEnglishteachersaidthattheearthmoves

aroundthesun.

TheNo.5trainleavesat10:30OurholidaybeginsinJuly.

3.表示根據(jù)計劃或時間表將要進行的動作.4.在有時間狀語或條件狀語從句的主從符復合句中,如果主句是一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài).Ifyouaren’thereontimetomorrow,Iwillwritetoyourparents.2、謂語構成

1)肯定句：謂語用動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)

Tom’sparents_____toworkbybikeeveryday.goLiTao_______Englisheverymorning.studies2)否定句：謂語用don’t/doesn’t加動詞原形構成She____________(notwatch)TVintheevening.doesn’twatch3)一般問句：用Do或Does加陳述句（謂語動詞用原形）

---______he_______(work)inaplasticfactory?---No,hedoesn’t.Doeswork

(4)特殊問句：疑問詞加一般問句

---___________doyouwritetohim?

---Onceamonth.Howoften

(1)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads_____risingthesedays.(06全國卷)A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping一般過去時1．表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,in1990,twodaysago,lastweek/year/night,thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,atthattime

等表示過去的時間狀語連用。I2．表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作，如：Themonkeyjumpedoffthetree,pickedupabigstoneand______(throw)itatus.threw3．表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的行為，常與everyday,often,sometimes,regularly等時間狀語連用，“usedto+動詞原形”或“would+動詞原形”常用來表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作，如：1).Heusedtowalkalongtheroadaftersupper.

2).Hewouldsitthereforhourssometimes,doingnothingatall.

4．在時間或條件狀語從句中,從句用一般過去時態(tài)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作.Hesaidhewouldcometoseemeifhegothere.2、謂語構成

1）肯定句：謂語用動詞的過去式

Yesterday,

I_____toashopand_______apen.

wentbought2）否定句：助動詞didn’t加動詞原形

She________(take)anymoneywithherthatday.didn’t

take3）一般問句：助動詞Did加陳述句（動詞用原形）

---____you_____tothecinemalastnight?---No,Ididn’t.Didgo4）特殊問句：疑問詞+一般問句

---___________youfindyourkey?---I_______itundermydesk.Wheredidfound1).MycousinwenttoCanadatwoyearsago.He_______thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.(06江西)A．workedB.wouldworkwouldbeworkingD.hasbeenworking(2)ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards_______forentertainmentandeducation.(06遼寧)A．werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesigned一般將來時態(tài)

1.一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nexttime…Youwillbeaseniorstudentsthisterm.2.口語中常用begoingto+do表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事情;表示有跡象表明必然或可能發(fā)生的事情.It’sgoingtorain.I’mgoingtomeetherat7:00.3.英語中還用beto+…或beabouttodo表示將要發(fā)生的事情Themeetingistobeheldtomorrow.Thefilmisabouttobegin.

一般將來時句子結構

主語

+shall\will+do（客觀）主語+is\am\are\goingto+do（主觀）主語+beto+do主語+beaboutto+do1）肯定句2）否定句：will/shall加

not——won’t/shan’tHe________cometothepartytomorrow.

won’tWill_________wehaveabreak?Shall3）一般問句：將will提到句首（第一人稱用shall

）

________yougototheSummerPalacewithus?4）疑問詞+

一般問句

________ishegoingto

dotomorrowafternoon?What(1)——Yourjob_________openforyourreturn.——Thanks.(06北京)A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeepD.hadbeenkept(2)Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_______andseehim.(05北京)A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome現(xiàn)在進行時1、現(xiàn)在進行時用法：

1）表示此時此刻正在進行的動作

Iamteachingandyouarelisteningtome.

2）表示目前這段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作

Heiswritingabookthisweek.

3）與always

、constantly等連用表示主觀色彩

Thegirlisalwayssmilinghappily.Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake.4）現(xiàn)在進行時表將來在go、come、leave、return等表示位移的詞可用現(xiàn)在進行時表最近計劃或安排的動作

Sheiscomingtoseeyoutomorrow.

2）否定句在be動詞后加not

一般問句只需把be動詞提到句首

They_____________(not,play)football.They_____________(play)basketball.arenotplayingareplaying---____she_______(do)herhomeworknow?---No,sheisn’t.she___________(write)aletter.Isdoingiswriting---Who____ourteacher______(talk)with?---He___________withmyfather.istalkingistalking2、謂語構成：

be動詞(am,is,are)+

現(xiàn)在分詞

Tom’smother___________(watch)TVandhisfather_____________(read)newspaper.iswatchingisreading(2)Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.Whatlanguage________?(05全國卷Ⅲ)A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking過去進行時表示過去某個時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。過去進行時的時間狀語常用，ateightyesterdaymorning,from7:00to

9:00lastnight過去進行時可用來敘述過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作一些表示位移、方向的動作用過去進行時表示過去將來發(fā)生的動作表示說話人過去對主語的行為表示的“贊嘆”或“厭惡”等，常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用謂語構成

be動詞(was,were)+

現(xiàn)在分詞

a.She___________(see)afilmwithherfriendthistimeyesterday.

wasseeingb.We____________footballwhenitbegantorain.wereplaying(2)Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe_______.(05遼寧)A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.wasdoingD.isdoing現(xiàn)在完成時1、現(xiàn)在完成時用法：

1）表示動作已經(jīng)完成（強調(diào)發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果）

Ihavefinishedmywork.Hehasfoundhislostkey.

2）表示從過去某時開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)

Theyhaveworkedinthatfactoryfortenyears.2、謂語構成：助動詞(have,has)+

過去分詞

We__________onehundredappletreesthisyear.

haveplanted

2）否定句：在助動詞(have,has)后加not——haven’t,hasn’t

I______________(not,finish)readingthenovel.

3、havebeen與havegone的區(qū)別

HehasbeentoWashingtontwice.去過

HehasgonetoWashington.

去了（現(xiàn)在不在這里）haven’tfinishedThemeetingwillbegininfiveminutesbutshe_____________(not,come)yet.

hasn’tcome3）一般問句：把助動詞(have,has)提到句首

---______you______(hand)inyourhomework?---No,Ihaven’t.Havehanded---_____he_____(tell)youtheexcitingnews?---Yes,hehas.Hastold補充：現(xiàn)在完成時常用時間狀語For+一段時間Since+時間點Since+一段時間+agoSince+從句SofarUptonowInrecentyearsOverthepastyearsForthelastthreeyearsInthepastthreeyears(1)We_____ournewneighborsyet,sowedon'tknowtheirnames.(06上海)A.don'tmeetB.won'tmeetC.haven'tmetD.hadn'tmet(2)Thewindowisdirty,Iknow.It_____forweeks.(o4全國)A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleanedLight_______(travel)fasterthansound.Ifyou______(work)hard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.Thatpieceofmusicsoundsfamiliar.Who______(play)thepianoupstairs.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit______(be)prettygood.I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?travelsworkisplayingwasadvertised6.We_________(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.7.We__________(watch)anewmoviewhensuddenlythelightswentout.8.ThisisthebestnovelthatI___________(read)9.We____________(know)eachothersincewewerechildren.10.Itisthefirsttimeterroristorganizations_____________(target)France.11.Theradiosaysawildanimalzoois___________(build)inourcitynextyear.wereleavingwerewatchinghaveeverreadhaveknownhavetargetedtobebuilt動詞的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者They

caughtthethiefstealingabike.主語是動作的承受者Thethief

wascaughtstealingabike.一、被動語態(tài)的構成：

be動詞+

動詞的過去分詞二、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：

主動句變被動句：

a.主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z

b.被動句的謂語由“be+

原主動句謂語動詞的過去分詞”構成，由be

體現(xiàn)時態(tài)（語態(tài)變了，時態(tài)不能變）

c.主動句的主語變?yōu)閎y

的賓語，可省略

1、一般現(xiàn)在時：

Thedustmencleansthestreeteverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedbythedustmeneverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedeverymorning.am/is/are+

過去分詞2、一般過去時：

Wehidtheballbehindthedoorlastnight.Theball_________behindthedoorbyuslastnight.was/were+

過去分詞3、一般將來時：

Theywillplantsomepinetreesinthepark.Somepinetrees________________inthepark.willbe+

過去分詞4、現(xiàn)在進行時：

Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeovertheriver.Anewbridge________________overtheriver.am/is/are+

being+過去分詞5、現(xiàn)在完成時：

ChinahaslaunchedShenzhouⅤsuccessfully.

ShenzhouⅤ__________________successfully.have/has+

been+

過去分詞washiddenwillbeplantedisbeingbuilthasbeenlaunched練習：變被動語態(tài)1.Sheaskedmetocomealittlelater.

Iwas

askedtocomealittlelater.2.Heshowedmethewaytothestation.

Iwas

shownthewaytothestation.3.

Youmustdoitrightnow.

Itmustbe

donerightnow.4.Theyare

buildinganewlibrarynearourhome.

Anewlibraryisbeing

builtnearourhome.5.Theyhavegivenusaverydifficultjob.

Wehavebeen

givenaverydifficultjob.6.Hewillshowusafewgoodfilms.

Wewillbe

shownafewgoodfilms.7.AlargenumberofpeoplecanspeakEnglishintheworldnow.

Englishcanbe

spokenbyalargenumberofpeopleintheworldnow.語法填空純空格填空限定詞（冠詞、代詞等）、介詞、連詞、It

、固定搭配提示詞填空名詞（單復數(shù)、不可數(shù)）、形容詞和副詞的比較級、動詞（謂語動詞三單時態(tài)語態(tài)、非謂語動詞）、詞性轉換、固定搭配Heowned_______farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.Heaskedtheteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike_____?Ifwewanttoseeyouagain,wewillbe_____touch.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,_____someofthemlookedveryanxious.Wewerewalkingbythelake______mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.Thereare__________(organization)thatmatchvolunteerstoprojectsallovertheworld.Finally,thehardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_____(clean)thanbefore.aitinandwhenorganizationscleaner8.IwasinsuchahurrythatIforgot______(tell)you.9.Yangshuo_______(be)reallybeautiful.10.ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______（arrive）inYangshuo.11.T