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工程造價外文文獻

EngineeringCost:AReviewofRelevantLiterature

Introduction

Engineeringcostreferstothefinancialaspectofplanning,designing,andconstructingengineeringprojects.Itinvolvesestimatingandallocatingresourcestoachieveprojectobjectiveswithinaspecifiedbudget.Thispaperreviewsrelevantliteratureonengineeringcosttounderstandthefactorsinfluencingcost,costestimationmethods,andtechniquestocontrolcost.

FactorsInfluencingEngineeringCost

Severalfactorsinfluencethecostofengineeringprojects.Ribeiroetal.(2019)highlighttheimpactofprojectsize,complexity,siteconditions,andprojectdeliverymethodoncost.Large-scaleprojectstendtohavehighercostsduetotheincreasedscopeandduration.Increasedcomplexity,suchastheintegrationofadvancedtechnologies,alsoimpactscost.Siteconditions,includingsoilcompositionandtopography,affectthecostoffoundationandexcavationworks.Additionally,theprojectdeliverymethod,suchasdesign-bid-buildordesign-build,caninfluencecostduetodifferencesinriskallocation,qualitycontrol,andcollaboration.

CostEstimationMethods

Accuratecostestimationiscrucialforprojectsuccess.Severalcostestimationmethodsareemployedinengineeringprojects.TechnologiessuchasBuildingInformationModeling(BIM)andcomputer-aideddesign(CAD)softwarearecommonlyusedforquantitytakeoffsandcostestimation(Maoetal.,2020).Thesetoolsenableengineerstogeneratedetailed3Dmodelsandextractquantitiesautomatically.Parametricestimating,anotherwidelyadoptedmethod,utilizeshistoricaldataandmathematicalmodelstoestimatecostsbasedonprojectcharacteristics(Vahdatalabetal.,2019).Furthermore,expertjudgmentandanalogestimatingaremethodsoftenemployedwhendataislimitedorunavailable.

CostControlTechniques

Effectivecostcontrolisessentialtoensureprojectsarecompletedwithinbudget.Literaturesuggestsvarioustechniquestocontrolengineeringcost.Embracingvalueengineering,asproposedbyWhippleetal.(2018),involvesanalyzingprojectelementstoidentifycost-savingopportunitieswithoutcompromisingqualityorperformance.Valueengineeringfocusesontheeliminationofunnecessaryfactors,productsubstitution,andefficientuseofresources.Additionally,theuseofearnedvaluemanagement(EVM)canhelpmonitorprojectperformanceandforecastcostoverruns(Fleming&Koppelman,2016).EVMintegratesprojectschedule,cost,andperformancedatatoprovideacomprehensiveviewofprojectstatus.Finally,effectiveprojectmanagementpractices,includingclearcommunication,properriskmanagement,andaccurateprogresstracking,contributesignificantlytocostcontrol.

Conclusion

Inconclusion,engineeringcostisacriticalaspectofprojectmanagement.Understandingthefactorsinfluencingcost,utilizingappropriatecostestimationmethods,andimplementingcostcontroltechniquesarecrucialforprojectsuccess.Theliteraturesuggeststhatprojectsize,complexity,siteconditions,andprojectdeliverymethodsignificantlyimpactcost.Variouscostestimationmethods,suchasBIM,CADsoftware,andparametricestimating,areemployedinpractice.Tocontrolcost,valueengineering,earnedvaluemanagement,andeffective

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