北京市2021年中考英語試題（解析版）

2021年北京市中考真題

英語

姓名準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)考場(chǎng)號(hào)_____________座位號(hào)

1.本試卷共10頁，共兩部分，共39題，滿分60分，考試時(shí)間90分鐘。

考

2.在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)。

生

3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效。

須

4.在答題卡上、選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字簽字筆作答。

知

5.考試結(jié)束,請(qǐng)將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。

第一部分

本部分共33題，共40分。在每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最符合題目要求的一項(xiàng)。

一、單項(xiàng)填空（每題0.5分，共6分）

從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.We'vedecidedtomakeacakefbr.

A.himB.herC.youD.them

【答案】B

【解析】

【詳解】句意：瑪麗的生日快到了。我們決定為她做一個(gè)蛋糕。

考查代詞辨析。him他；her她;you你/你們；them他們。根據(jù)"Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.”可知,此處指

Mary,女性，故選B。

2.SpaceDayofChinafallsApril24theveryyear.

A.onB.byC.atD.in

【答案】A

【解析】

【詳解】句意:每年的4月24日是中國的“航天日”。

考查介詞辨析。on用在星期或具體時(shí)間前；by到……為止；at其后加點(diǎn)鐘等；in其后加早中晚/月份/年份

等。根據(jù)“April24th”可知,此處加具體的時(shí)間,故選A。

3.—shallwemeetforthepicnic?

—Attheschoolgate.

A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where

【答案】D

【解析】

【詳解】句意：——我們野餐在哪里見面？——在學(xué)校門口。

考查特殊疑問句。How如何;When何時(shí)；Why為什么;Where哪里。根據(jù)"Attheschoolgate.”可知，此處

對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問，故選D。

4.—Sam,Ijoinyouinthecommunityservice?

—Ofcourseyoucan.

A.canB.mustC.shouldD.need

【答案】A

【解析】

【詳解】句意：一Sam,我能加入你的社區(qū)服務(wù)嗎？——你當(dāng)然可以。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。can可以；must必須；should應(yīng)該；need需要。根據(jù)“Ofcourseyoucan.“可知，此處請(qǐng)求對(duì)

方允許，用can,故選A。

5.Thedoctorsworkedfortenhours,nobodytookabreak.

A.soB.forC.butD.or

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

【詳解】句意：醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)工作了十個(gè)小時(shí)，但是沒人休息。

考查連詞辨析。so因此；for為了；but但是；or或者。根據(jù)前后句句意可知，“連續(xù)工作十小時(shí)”和“不休息”

之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。

6.TheteacherisgladtoseethatTonyisthanbefore.

A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcareful

【答案】B

【解析】

【詳解】句意：老師很高興看到托尼比以前細(xì)心了。

考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)"thanbefore”可知，此處需用比較級(jí)，故選B。

7.一Peter,whatareyoudoing?

—Oh,Iareportaboutnationalheroes.

A.willwriteB.amwritingC.wroteD.havewritten

【答案】B

【解析】

【詳解】句意：——彼得，你在干什么？—哦，我在寫一篇關(guān)于國家英雄的報(bào)道。

考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)"whatareyoudoing”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。

8.MyparentsandItreeslastSunday.

A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted

【答案】D

【解析】

【詳解】句意：我的父母和我上星期天種樹。

考查一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)"lastSunday”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，故選D。

9.一Lily,whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?

—Iexercisewithmyfriends.

A.doB.didC.willdoD.wasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】

【詳解】句意：——莉莉，放學(xué)后你通常做什么？——我和我的朋友一起鍛煉。

考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)“whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是I,動(dòng)詞用原形，

故選Ao

10.Mr.SmithChinesefortwoyears.He'smuchbetteratitnow.

A.learnsB.waslearningC.haslearnedD.willlearn

【答案】C

【解析】

【詳解】句意：史密斯先生學(xué)漢語已經(jīng)兩年了。他現(xiàn)在做得好多了。

考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)"fortwoyears”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。

11.Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.wereenjoyedD.areenjoyed

【答案】D

【解析】

【詳解】句意：今天，許多冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)項(xiàng)目甚至受到孩子們的喜愛。

考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)"Today”可知，是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)“bychildren”可知，表被動(dòng)，所以用一

般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。

12.—Couldyoupleasetellme?

—NextThursdaymorning

A.whenwevisitedtheCapitalMuseumB.whendidwevisittheCapitalMuseum

C.whenwewillvisittheCapitalMuseumD.whenwillwevisittheCapitalMuseum

【答案】c

【解析】

【詳解】句意:——你能告訴我我們什么時(shí)候去參觀首都博物館嗎？—下個(gè)星期四早上。

考查賓語從句。此處是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除BD；根據(jù)答語“NextThursdaymorning.”可知，對(duì)將來

時(shí)間提問，故選C。

二、完形填空（每題1分，共8分）

閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選

項(xiàng)。

ThePictureofPeace

WhenMikewasseven,heknewhisdreamwastobeaphotographer.Hekeptworkingonitforyears.Recently,

hewastryingtotakeapictureofasunset（日落）toentertheschool13competition.

“Mom,ithasbeencloudythesedays.Idon'tthinkIcangetthispicture!,?Mikecomplained.

“Whynotuseoneofyourphotosonthecomputer?^^suggestedMom.

“Ican't—therulessaythephotoshavetobetakenwithatraditionalcamera.Wehandinarolloffilm,itgets

developed（沖洗膠卷）,andwe[4onephotoforthecompetition.

“Whyisasunsetsoimportant?"Momasked.

“The[5ofthecompetitionispeace,"Mikeexplained,4tandIfeelmostpeacefulseeingasunset.”

Zach,hissix-year-oldbrothercameoutofthebedroom.t4Hey,youwanttotakeapictureofme?Look!”Heput

botharmsoverhishead.

“Notrightnow,“saidMike,laughing.

Thatveryafternoon,Mikefeltexcitedwhenhesawclearskies.Hecarefullylineduphisshot（鏡頭）andwaited

[6tillthesunreachedtheground.

"That'sit!Perfect!?,heshoutedcheerfully.

Thenextmorning,Mikenoticedhecouldtakeonemorepicturetocompletetherolloffilm,sohewalkedinto

Zach'sroom.Zachwas17quietlywithateddybearunderhisarm.Mikedidn'twakeZachup,and

carefullytookapictureofhim.

Aweeklater,Mikegotthephotos.Thesunsetpicturewastheonehewasmost18tosee.Thereit

was!ItwasasnearlyperfectasMikehadexpected.

Then,helookedthroughtheotherphotos.Suddenly,hestopped.Hiseyebrows（眉毛）roseashe

19thephotoofZach.Helookedbackatthephotoofthesunset,whichseemedlessperfectnow.He

20thetwochoices.Finally,hedecidedtohandinthephotoofZachforthecompetition.

13.A.violinB.tennisC.photoD.chess

14.A.chooseB.collectC.describeD.design

15.A.prizeB.topicC.resultD.purpose

16.A.politelyB.bravelyC.hopefullyD.secretly

17.A.playingB.readingC.writingD.sleeping

18.A.afraidB.eagerC.surprisedD.confused

19.A.studiedB.sharedC.copiedD.fixed

20.A.changedB.offeredC.acceptedD.weighed

【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.C17.D18.B19.A20.D

【解析】

【分析】Mike從小就夢(mèng)想成為一名攝影師，一天學(xué)校組辦攝影比賽，他希望用日落的照片參賽。之后無意

間Zach的一張照片吸引了他的注意了，他改變了主意。

【13題詳解】

句意：最近，他嘗試拍攝日落的照片參加校攝影比賽。

violin小提琴；tennis網(wǎng)球；photo照片；chess象棋。根據(jù)"Recently,hewastryingtotakeapictureofasunset（日

落）…”可知拍攝照片是為了參加攝影比賽。故選Co

【14題詳解】

句意：我們上交一卷膠卷，沖洗膠卷后選一張參加比賽。

choose選擇；collect收集；describe描述；design設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)”...forthecompetition.”可知此處指選一張照片

參加比賽。故選A。

【15題詳解】

句意：比賽的主題是和平。

prize獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；topic主題；result結(jié)果；purpose目的。根據(jù)“The...ofthecompetitionispeace”可知此處介紹比賽

的主題，攝影比賽通常都有一個(gè)主題。故選B。

【16題詳解】

句意：他小心地調(diào)整鏡頭，滿心希望地等著太陽到達(dá)地面。

politely禮貌地；bravely勇敢地；hopefully有希望地；secretly秘密地。根據(jù)“Mom,ithasbeencloudythesedays.

Idon'tthinkIcangetthispicture!”可知Mike期待很多天晴天,終于等到了，所以抱有希望地等著。故選C。

【17題詳解】

句意：Zach摟著泰迪熊在安靜地睡覺。

playin玩；reading讀書；writing寫；sleeping睡覺。根據(jù)"Mikedidn'twakeZachup,andcarefullytookapicture

ofhim.“可知Zach在睡覺。故選D。

【18題詳解】

句意：日落的照片是他最渴望看到的。

afraid害怕的；eager渴望的；surprised驚訝的：confused困惑的。根據(jù)"Recently,hewastryingtotakeapicture

ofasunset（日落）toentertheschoolphotocompetition."可知Mike想用日落的照片參賽，所以渴望看到日落的

照片。故選B。

【19題詳解】

句意：在他研究了Zach的照片時(shí)眉毛上揚(yáng)。

studied研究;shared分享;copied復(fù)制］;fixed維修。根據(jù)"Helookedbackatthephotoofthesunset,whichseemed

lessperfectnow.”可知他對(duì)比了兩張照片，認(rèn)真地研究下。故選A。

【20題詳解】

句意：他衡量了這兩個(gè)選擇。

changed改變；offered提供；accepted接受；weighed權(quán)衡。根據(jù)"Finally,hedecidedtohandinthephotoofZach

fbrthecompetition.“可知最終Mike選擇Zach的照片參賽，因此是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)權(quán)衡的。故選D。

三、閱讀理解（每題2分，共26分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

YoungHeroesforthePlanet

Nowadays,peoplearoundtheworldareworkingtohelpourplanet.Checkouthowthefouryoungadultsmade

adifference.

SavingPandas

WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.Healsosoldtoypandastoraisemoneyto

protectpandasindanger.t€Ihopetoencouragemorepeopletocareaboutpandas,“Jacksays.

GrowingRight

Kathy,14,setupanorganizationtoeducatepeopleaboutgrowingrightplantinrightplaces.Shealsowrotea

booktohelppeoplelearnwhatplantsarenativeto（本土的）theirarea.

CreatingEnergy

Attheageof12,LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.Itcollectsheatfromfieldstomakeelectricity（電）,

Lindasaysherinventioncreateselectricityinawaythatislessharmfultotheenvironment.

CleaningUp

Patrick,13,joinedtheOceanHeroesCamplastyear.Hestartedaprojectandpickedupplasticwastearound

nearbylakeswithhisfriends.Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.

21.Whostartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas?

A.Jack.B.Kathy.C.Linda.D.Patrick.

22.HowoldwasLindawhensheinventedSuperE?

A.11.B.12.C.13.D.14.

23.WhatwasthegoalofPatrick'sproject?

A.Tofightplasticpollution.B.Toprotectpandasindanger

C.Tolearnaboutnativeplants.D.Touseheattomakeelectricity.

【答案】21.A22.B23.A

【解析】

【分析】現(xiàn)在世界上的人們都在努力保護(hù)我們的星球，本文介紹了四位正在改變世界的人。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.”可知，Jack創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)組

織去教孩子們關(guān)于熊貓知識(shí)。故選A。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Attheageof12,LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.”可知，Linda發(fā)明SuperE的時(shí)候

12歲。故選B。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.”可知，Patrick項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)是對(duì)抗塑料垃

圾。故選A。

B

WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,myclasswasassigned（指派）tobefriendswiththesecond-gradekids.Igotthis

littlegirlnamedShelley.ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.Shewassmallforherage,andshedidn't

playwiththeotherkidsinherclass.

Itriedallkindsofthingstogethertotalktome.Iboughthertoys,crayonsandcandies.ButtryasImight,

nothingworked.Onetime,Igaveheracoloringbookandsaid,“Shelley,nowyoucancoloratanytime.”

Shelleylookedatthecoloringbookandthenlookedupatme,andfinallylookedaway.Bythat,Ididn'tknow

howIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn'tgiveuponher.

OneFriday,Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood.ItoldherthatIfeltlonelywhenIwaswithmy

classmates,andhowIthoughtonlymyteacherslikedme.Ialsotoldherthateverydaywasabattle（戰(zhàn)役）formeand

Ifoughtbacktearssopeoplewouldn'tknowhowmuchIwashurting.

Shesattherejustlistening,tryingtodecidewhetherIwaslyingornot.Finally,whenmystoryended,therewere

tearsinhereyes.Andthenshedidtheunthinkable.Shesaid,“Thankyou."Fromthenon,Shelleywasadifferentlittle

girl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids.

Lookingbackatthis,Tminawe（'原嘆），becauseallIdidwastohelpherrealizethatshewasn'talone.Ididn't

askhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory.

24.WhatwasShelleylikewhenthewriterfirstsawher?

A.Cold.B.Lazy.C.Noisy.D.Slow.

25.InordertogetthroughtoShelley,thewriter.

A.wroteherabookB.madeheratoyC.drewherapictureD.toldherastory

26.Shelleychangedalotbecausesherealizedthat.

A.herteacherslovedherB.herclassmateswerekind

C.thewriterunderstoodherD.shehadtostudyevenharder

【答案】24.A25.D26.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者幫助一個(gè)不愛講話的女孩Shelley變得更加開朗的故事，作者驚嘆于

Shelley的改變，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為自己所做的就是讓Shelley知道自己并不孤單。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.”可知，作者第一次見到Shelley時(shí)，她沉默

而冷漠。故選A。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bythat,Ididn'tknowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn't

giveuponher."和"OneFriday,Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood.”可知，為了接近Shelley,作者給

她講了一個(gè)故事。故選D。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Finally,whenmystoryended,thereweretearsinhereyes.","Fromthenon,Shelleywasa

differentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids."和didn'taskhertotellherstory,becauseher

storyismystory.”可知，Shelley改變了很多是因?yàn)樗庾R(shí)到作者理解她。故選C。

SchoolGardensCouldHelpChildrenTryMoreVegetables

Ifsnotalwaysenjoyableforchildrentoeatvegetables.Butwhatifagardenisbuiltintheschool?Newresearch

suggeststhatagardeningprograminschoolscanincreasechildren'svegetableintake（攝入量）.

HowtheStudyWasCarriedOut

Thestudywascarriedoutineightschools.Eachschoolwasinthegardeningprogramforoneschoolyear.Every

childingrades3-5receivedatotalofeighteen60-minutelessonsacrosstheschoolyear.Intheprogram,eachschool

builtagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables.

TheBenefitsChildrenCouldGet

Thestudyfoundthatvegetableintakeifthechildrenwhogrewtheirownproduceincreasedgreatlyacrossthe

year.Relatedstudiesshowthatincreasedvegetableintakecanimprovehealthandcuttheriskofchronicdiseases（慢

性疾?。?Notonlyaretherebenefitstohealth,increasingthevarietyofvegetableschildrenareexposed（接觸）tomay

alsomakemealtimesmucheasier.^^Childrenwhoareoftenexposedtoavarietyofvegetablesaremorelikelytotry

newfoods,“explainsDr.KerryJones.Forchildren,growingtheirownfoodisapowerfultooltoincreasetheirintake

ofthefood.

28

Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful.66Ifchildrenarelearningaboutvegetables

atschool,it?simportanttoencouragethisinterest,saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildrenaboutwhatthey

havelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencanalsoreadbookstogether.

Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhoofferusefulmessages.Olderchildren

mayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideastocookvegetablesinatastyway.

Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrentounderstandmoreaboutwheretheir

foodcomesfrom.

Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefortheproduce.If

childrenaretaughttoenjoyvegetablesearlyinlife,theywillprobablycontinueeatingvegetablesinthelongterm.

27.Whatdidchildrendointhegardeningprogram?

A.Theydidresearchonnewplants.B.Theygrewfreshproduceatschool.

C.TheytookhomegreenvegetablesD.Theybuiltgardensfortheirclasses.

28.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?

A.IdeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHome

B.WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHome

C.ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildren

D.SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents

29.Whatcanwelearnfromtheprogram?

A.Parents5supportmightimprovechildren'sreading.

B.Schoolprogramscoulddevelopstudents'creativity.

C.Doingstudiescanpreparestudentsforfuturelearning.

D.Hands-onexperiencemayinfluencechildren'spreference.

【答案】27.B28.B29.D

【解析】

【分析】本文介紹了在學(xué)?；▓@里讓學(xué)生自己種植蔬菜的好處。

【27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)'Tntheprogram,eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfresh

produce,likefruitandvegetables”可知，在該項(xiàng)目中，每一所學(xué)校都建了一個(gè)花園，孩子們?cè)谀抢飳W(xué)會(huì)種植自

己的新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，故選B。

【28題詳解】

句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful”及整段的內(nèi)容可知，本

段主要介紹了從不同方面鼓勵(lì)孩子們多吃蔬菜的方法，故選Bo

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferenceforthe

produce”可知，教孩子們自己種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是增加他們對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品偏好的一個(gè)很好的方法，所以實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)可能會(huì)

影響孩子的偏好，故選D。

D

\nail

Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhuman

activitiesandontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonly

opinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,

whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies（物種）.

Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle（斗爭(zhēng)）againsthumannature.Wearebomwith

wildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawayto

getusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt（適應(yīng)）,progressand

raiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.

Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthatthe

formationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting（打獵）.Itseemstobean

adaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangeliving

habits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons（武器）isrelatedtothatadaptation-fromrocksandstonestoa

setofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstobe

responsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplething

iscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandcultural

developmentarecloselytied.

Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat'sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,

sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimeoramong

peoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.WecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebomfromRussian

parentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeakthatlanguage.

30.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Culturebelongstohumannature.

B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.

C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.

D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.

31.WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?

A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.

B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans'struggleforlife.

C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.

D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.

32.Theword"transmission“inParagraph4probablymeans"

A.systemB.spreadC.startD.spirit

33.Whatisthewriter'sopiniononthenature-culturerelationship?

A.Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.

B.Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.

C.Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.

D.Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.

【答案】30.D31.C32.B33.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇議論文，自然和文化常常被視為對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，但是人類發(fā)展的研究表明，文化，無論

是作為一種反對(duì)自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分。生物的發(fā)展和文化的發(fā)展是緊

密相連的，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。

【30題詳解】

段落大意題。根據(jù)"Severalmodemwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle（斗爭(zhēng)）againsthuman

nature."和"Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures”可知，人們把教育的過程看作是一

場(chǎng)與人性的斗爭(zhēng)，教育把文化作為一種方式，讓我們擺脫最廣泛的天性。所以本段想說明教育推動(dòng)人類進(jìn)

步。故選D。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Consider,forexample,hunting（打獵）.Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumansto

moveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.“可知，打獵似乎是——種適

應(yīng)，使人類能夠進(jìn)入新和不同的地區(qū)，打開改變生活習(xí)慣的機(jī)會(huì)。文章提到打獵是為了展示文化是如何

隨著人類適應(yīng)環(huán)境而發(fā)展的。故選C。

【32題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。分析“Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhafsinourblood.Justassnails

carrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.“可知，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。就像

蝸牛帶著它們的殼一樣，我們也帶著我們的文化。所以此處transmission的意思是“傳播”，故選B。

【33題詳解】

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)"Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainst

natureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies（物種）可知,作者認(rèn)為文化，無論是作

為一種反對(duì)自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分，作者認(rèn)為自然和文化之間是對(duì)立且

密切聯(lián)系的。故選C。

第二部分

本部分共6題，共20分。根據(jù)題目要求，完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。

四、閱讀表達(dá)（每題2分，共10分）

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。

M叩

Screen-FreeDays

IrememberthefirsttimeIsuggestedscreen-freedaysinourschooltosomeofourstudentleaders.Jokingly,I

saidtothegroup,"Whatdoyouthinkifwegoaweekwithoutusingourlaptopsorsmartphones?^^

Theylaughed,andoneofthemsaid,“Noway,Mr.White.Theywouldbetoomuch.^^Icouldfeeltheirworry,

andtoldthemthatIwasonlyconsideringsinglescreen-freedays.Eventhatidealeftthemfeelingupset.

Accordingtoasurveywedid,moststudentsinourschoolspendaboutsixhoursadayonscreens.Manyofmy

studentsstarttheirdaybycheckingtheirsmartphones.Ioftenseethemlookingattheirphoneswhengettingoffthe

busoratparents9drop-off,theycan'tusetheirown“screens“atschool.Theyusuallyworkoncomputersatschoolfor

atleasttwohoursduringtheday.

Ifsclearthatourstudentsspendalotoftimeonscreens.Wedoseethebenefitsoftechnology.However,we

teachersalsowanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfromtheirscreens.

Thafswhywehavecomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays.

Duringthecourseoftheyear,wehavebuiltinseveralscreen-freedaysthatrequireustomakedifferentplansfor

ourstudentsabouthowtheywillcommunicatewithoneanotherandtheworldaroundthemwithout“screens”.For

someteachers,thismeansbringingbackavaluablelessonplanthathasbeenputoffforsometimebecauseitis"out

ofdate”.Othershavedesignedsomethingcompletelynew.

Funactivities,forexample,cardgamesandroomescape（密室逃脫）games,areorganizedatschool.Inthese

activities,studentssocializewithoutsmartphonesandhaveface-to-facecommunicationwithoutcheckingon“l(fā)ikes”

they'vegotonline.Thesefunactivitiesalsomakeitpossibleforthewholegradetoenjoythecompanyoftheirfriends

withnosmartphones.

Afterourfirstscreen-freeday,studentsmentionedthattheyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.Findingwaysto

helpourstudentsconnectwithoneanotherisimportant.

Whiletechnologyisalreadypartofourworld,itshouldn'tplaysuchanimportantroleinalearner'slife.

34.Howmanyhoursdomoststudentsintheschoolspendonscreenseveryday?

35.Whyhavetheteacherscomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays?

36.Whatfunactivitiescanthestudentshaveatschool?

37.Howdidthestudentsfeelafterthefirstscreen-freeday?

38.Whatdoyouthinkoftheideaofscreen-freedays?Whydoyouthinkso?

【答案】34.Theyspendaboutsixhoursonscreenseveryday.

35.Becausetheywanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfromtheir

screens.

36.Theycanhavefunactivitieslikecardgamesandroomescapegames.

37.Theyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.

38.本題屬于開放性試題，言之有理即可參考答案：Ithinkitisagoodidea.Becauseitisnotonlygoodforour

healthbutalsohelpsuskeepagoodrelationshipwithrealfriends.

【解析】

【分析】本文向我們介紹學(xué)校的無屏幕日，起初學(xué)生認(rèn)為這是不可能的，但是慢慢發(fā)現(xiàn)無屏幕日帶來更多

的是好處。

【34題詳解】

根據(jù)"Accordingtoasurveywedid,moststudentsinourschoolspendaboutsixhoursadayonscreens.“可知，根

據(jù)調(diào)查，學(xué)校的大多數(shù)學(xué)生每天花大約6小時(shí)在屏幕上。故填Theyspendaboutsixhoursonscreenseveryday.

【35題詳解】

根據(jù)"However,weteachersalsowanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiences

awayfromtheirscreens.Thafswhywehavecomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays.“可知，我們老師也希望確

保學(xué)生在遠(yuǎn)離屏幕的情況下能夠平衡學(xué)習(xí)和社交體驗(yàn)，這就是提出“無屏幕日”理念的原因。故填Because

theywanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfromtheirscreens.

【36題詳解】

根據(jù)"Fu