2023年考研外語(yǔ)專家預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)關(guān)卷2

考研外語(yǔ)專家預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)關(guān)卷2

一、UseofEnglish

1、Sometimeswehavespecificproblemswithourmother;

sometimes,lifewithhercanjustbehardwork.Ifthereare

difficultiesinyour(1),it'sbesttodealwiththem,

(2)rememberthatany(3)shouldbedone(4)

personorbyletter.Thetelephoneisnotagood(5)

becauseitistooeasy(6)eithersideto(7)the

conversation.

Explaintoher(8)youfinddifficultinyourrelationship

andthen(9)somenewarrangementsthatyouthinkwould

establisha(10)balancebetweenyou.Sometimeswehold

(11)fromestablishingsuchboundariesbecauseweare

afraidthatdoing(12)impliesweare(13)her.We

needtorememberthatbeing(14)fromourmotherdoesnot

(15)meanthatwenolongerloveher.Iftheconflictis

(16)andyoucannotfindawayto(17)it,youmight

decidetogiveupyourrelationshipwithyourmotherforawhile.

Someofmypatientshad(18)"trialseparations”.The

(19)allowedthingstosimmerdown,enabling(20).

A.relationship

B.emission

C.emulation

D.interpretation

2、⑵

A.and

B.but

C.thus

D.or

3、(3)

A.contradiction

B.estimation

C.confrontation

D.immersion

4、⑷

A.by

B.for

C.to

D.in

5、(5)

A.innovation

B.manoeuvre

2

C.medium

D.synthesis

6、(6)

A.on

B.for

C.off

D.to

7、⑺

A.formulate

B.commence

C.perceive

D.terminate

8、(8)

A.whether

B.how

C.what

D.why

9、(9)

A.propose

B.perform

C.remove

D.outline

3

10、(10)

A.distinctive

B.turbulent

C.spontaneous

D.healthier

IK(ID

A.back

B.on

C.off

D.by

12、(12)

A.it

B.which

C.what

D.so

13、(13)

A.mustering

B.ejecting

C.insulting

D.retaliating

14、(14)

A.harmonious

4

B.wholesome

C.malignant

D.independent

15、(15)

A.instantly

B.reluctantly

C.necessarily

D.steadily

16、(16)

A.moderate

B.hereditary

C.inevitable

D.extreme

17、(17)

A.shape

B.resolve

C.simulate

D.grind

18、(18)

A.successful

B.compulsory

C.miserable

5

D.stationary

19、(19)

A.blunder

B.temptation

C.break

D.trait

20、(20)

A.reconciliation

B.rebellion

C.recreation

D.rehearse

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

September11th2022drewthetransatlanticalliancetogether;

butthemooddidnotlast,andoverthefiveyearssinceithas

pulledeverfurtherapart.ArecentpollfortheGermanMarshall

Fundshowsthat57%ofEuropeansregardAmericanleadershipin

worldaffairsas"undesirable”.TheIraqwarismainlytoblame.

Butthereisanotherandmoreintractablereasonforthegrowing

division:God.

EuropeansworrythatAmericanforeignpolicyunderGeorgeBush

istooinfluencedbyreligion.The"holywarriors"whohijacked

theplanesonSeptember11threintroducedGodinto

internationalaffairsinthemostdramaticofways.Itseems

thatGeorgeBushisreplyinginkind,encouragingaclashof

religionsthatcouldspellglobalcatastrophe.

DominiqueMoisi,aspecialadviserattheFrenchInstitutefor

InternationalRelations,arguesthat“thecombinationof

religionandnationalisminAmericaisfrightening.Wefeel

betrayedbyGodandbynationalism,whichiswhywearebuilding

theEuropeanUnionasabarriertoreligiouswarfare”.Josef

Braml,oftheGermanInstituteforInternationalandSecurity

Affairs,complainsthatinAmerica“religiousattitudeshave

moreofaninfluenceonpoliticalchoicesthaninanyother

westerndemocracy”.

ThenotionthatAmericaistooinfluencedbyreligionisnot

confinedtotheelites.ThreeinfiveFrenchpeopleandnearly

asmanyDutchthinkthatAmericansaretooreligious-andthat

religionskewswhatshouldbeseculardecisions.Europeanswho

thinkthatAmericais"tooreligious"aremoreinclinedto

anti-Americanismthantheirfellowcountrymen.38%ofBritons

haveanunfavourableviewofAmerica,butthatnumberrisesto

50%amongpeoplewhoarewaryofAmericanreligiosity.

IsAmericaengagedinafaith-basedforeignpolicy?Religion

certainlyexertsagrowinginfluenceonitsactionsintheworld,

butinwaysmoresubtleandcomplicatedthanEuropeansimagine.

ItistruethatAmericaisundergoingareligiousrevival."Hot”

religionssuchasevangelicalProtestantismandhardline

Catholicismaregrowingrapidlywhile"cool"mainlineversions

ofChristianityaredeclining.Itisalsotruethatthe

RepublicanParty,isbeingreshapedbythisrevival.

Self-identifiedevangelicalsprovidedalmost40%ofMr.Bushes

votein2022;ifyouaddinothertheologicalconservatives,

suchasMormonsandtraditionalCatholics,thatnumberrises

closerto60%.AllsixtopRepublicanleadersintheSenatehave

earned100KratingsfromtheChristianCoalition.

ItisalsotruethatMr.Bushfrequentlyusesreligiousrhetoric

whentalkingofforeignaffairs.OnSeptember12thhewasat

itagain,tellingagroupofconservativejournaliststhathe

seesthewaronterroras“aconfrontationbetweengoodand

evil”,andremarking,“Itseemstomethatthere'saThird

Awakening”(inotherwords,anoutbreakofChristian

evangelicalfervour,ofthesortthathassweptacrossAmerica

atleasttwicebefore).AndChristianAmericaoverallistaking

abiggerinterestinforeignpolicy.Newvoicesarebeingheard,

suchasSamBrownback,aconservativesenatorfromKansaswho

hasledthefightagainstgenocideinDarfur,andRickWarren,

theauthorofabestsellercalled“ThePurpose-DrivenLife”,

whoissending2,000missionariestoRwanda.

Finally,itistruethatreligiousfigureshavedonesomepretty

outrageousthings.PatRobertsoncalledfortheassassination

ofHugoChvez,thepresidentofVenezuela.Lieutenant-General

William“Jerry"Boykin,deputyunder-secretaryofdefencefor

intelligence,touredthecountrytellingChristiangroupsthat

radicalMuslimshateAmerica"becausewe'reaChristiannation

andtheenemyisaguynamedSatan”.Heoftenworeuniform.

Theincreasing

A.terroristattacks

B.Americanrelianceondeity

C.intractablereason

D.multiplefactors

2、

Thephrase"inkind“inthelastsentenceofthesecond

paragraphmostprobablydenotes.

A.withsomethingtender

B.withkindness

C.outofcharityimpulse

D.withsomethingsimilar

3、

Theviewmentionedinthethirdparagraphatleastprevail

among.

A.theEuropeanUnion

B.thereligiousestablishment

C.thespecialadviser

D.theelites

4、

Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemost

likelytoagree?

A.America'sforeignpolicyseemsstronglyinfluencedby

religion.Butthatinfluenceismuchmorecomplexthanits

criticssuppose.

B.IntheworldofgoodandevilAmericanforeignpolicyis

boundtobefruitless.

C.ThegrowingdisparitywhichiscreatedbyGodhasbeen

existing.Butthegulfofthetransatlanticalliancewillbe

bridged.

D.Religiousfigureshavemadesomeprettyoutrageousthings

thatcouldbecompromisedbymeansnon-violentmeans.

5、

Theauthorevidenceshisownnotionbyadvancing.

A.fourfacts

B.far-fetchedpretexts

C.randomhypothesis

D.powerfulpreachers

6>Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsin

manufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalso

white-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafe

fromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,

allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaply

tocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossible

tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.Morgan

Stanley，sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthat

the“globallabourarbitrage''ismovingrapidlytothebetter

kindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingand

callcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,

butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,

engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusiness

consulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfrom

anywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkers

togreatercompetition.

Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcing

abroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanImAmerican

service-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.Forrester

Researchforecaststhatby2022atotalof3.4mjobsinservices

willhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30m

jobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetrouble

isthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatare

alreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionof

jobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducation

improvesinemergingeconomies.

AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believes

thatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptive

effectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimes

asmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasin

manufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofal1jobs

mightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredto

ChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evenso,the

merethreatthattheycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages.

Moreover,saysMr.Blinder,educationoffersnoprotection.

Highlyskilledaccountants,radiologistsorcomputer

programmersnowhavetocompetewithelectronicallydelivered

competitionfromabroad,whereashumbletaxidrivers,janitors

andcraneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.Thismayhelp

toexplainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshas

fallenby6%since9000,abiggerdeclinethaninaveragewages.

Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetweenlow-paid,

low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledWorkers

widenedsignificantly.Butsincethen,accordingtoastudyby

DavidAutor,LawrenceKatzandMelissaKearney,inAmerica,

BritainandGermanyworkersatthebottomaswellasatthetop

havedonebetterthanthoseinthemiddle-incomegroup.Office

cleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itistheeasily

standardisedskilledjobsinthemiddle,suchasaccounting,

thatarenowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensen

andLoriKletzer,attheInstituteforInternationalEconomics

inWashingtonD.C.,confirmsthatworkersintradableservices

thatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemoreskilled

thanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradable

manufacturingindustries.

Tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradableresultsfrom

A.theblue-collarjobmarket

B.thegeographiclocationoftheunderdevelopedworld

C.thefiercecompetitionamongskilledworkers

D.thediveoftelecomsfee

7、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthetypicalreply

concerningoff-shoring?

A.Service-sectorhassustainedagreatloss.

B.White-collarworkerswillnothaveanarrowescape.

C.Mosteconomistsunderestimatedtheeffectsofoff-shoring.

D.Outsourcingabroadhasnosignificantimpact.

8、

Accordingtothetext,ForresterResearchPredictionmightbe

differentif.

A.outsourcingabroadislargeenoughtomattermuch

B.theproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillrise

C.morecomprehensivefactorsaretakenintoaccount

D.educationimprovementinemergingeconomiesplaysarole

9、

Thenarrativeofthetextinthelastthreeparagraphs

concentrateson.

A.thestandardretorttothearguments

B.off-shoringandtheresultingincome

C.thefutureoff-shoring

D.thecounter-measuresathand

10、

Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Businessconsulting.

B.Blue-collarjobs.

C.Non-tradableservices.

D.White-collarblues.

11、FewbeyondCalifornia'stechnologycrowdrecognisethe

nameLarrySonsini;nonewithinitscirclecouldfailto.For

fourdecadeshehasbeenlawyer,adviserandfriendtomany

prominentcompaniesandinvestors.Someconsiderhimthemost

powerfulpersoninSiliconValley.Companiesbegforhislaw

firmtorepresentthem.The65-year-oldchairmanofWilson

SonsiniGoodrichRosati(WSGR)hassuddenlybeenthrustinto

thespotlight,first,forcounsellingmanyofthetechnology

firmsnowunderscrutinyforbackdatingstockoptions(andin

somecases,servingontheirboards);andmorerecently,as

outsidecounseltoHewlett-Packard(HP),forinitially

defendingtheboard'sdubiousinvestigativepractices.

WSGRboasts600lawyersandrepresentsaroundhalfofSilicon

Valley'spubliccompanies,includingApple,SunMicrosystems

andGoogle.Lastyearitrankedfirstinprivate-equityand

venture-capitaldeals,withnearlytwiceasmanyasitsclosest

rival.OverthepastfiveyearsWSGRhasworkedonover1,000

mergersandacquisitions,collectivelyworthover$260billion.

TherecenttroublescastashadowoverWSGR'sreputation.

AlthoughMr.Sonsiniisnotaccusedofwrongdoinghimself,many

ofhisfirm'sclientsareontheropes.Formerexecutivesat

BrocadeCommunicationssufferedcriminalchargesinJuly.Mr.

SonsiniservedonBrocade'sboarduntillastyearandhisfirm

wasitsoutsidecounsel.HealsowasontheboardsofPixar,

Echelon,LatticeSemiconductor,LSILogicandNovell-allfirms

atwhichtheissuingofstockoptionsisbeingcalledinto

question.

WSGRdismissestheideathatMr.Sonsinifacedaconflictof

interestbyactingasbothdirectorandlegaladvisertosomany

firmsandsayshedidnotadviseHPinitsinvestigationofboard

members.Mr.Sonsiniinitiallysaiditwas“welldoneandwithin

legallimits”.Itnowseemsitwasneither.

Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthorstresses.

A.thepublicignoranceofLarrySonsini

B.thepopularityofLarrySonsini

C.thefailureofCalifornia'stechnology

D.thepublicrecognitionofCalifornia，stechnology

12、

Thestatisticsinthetextindicate.

A.thefameofWSGR

B.thenotorietyofLarrySonsini

C.theboomofWSGR

D.theobligationofHewlett-Packard

13、

Thephrase"ontheropes"inthesecondsentenceofthethird

paragraphdenotes.

A.undercontrol

B.inthedanger

C.onthehorizon

D.onthevergeof.collapse

14、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Sonsini，sremarksis.

A.sceptical

B.indifferent

C.biased

D.sympathic

15、

Thetextismostprobablyadigestconcerning.

A.federalimage

B.corporategovernance

C.economicinflation

D.personneladministration

16>ItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand,'business-process

outsourcing“firmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseofthe

internet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiral,driven

bytheaspirationsofnewlyrichIndians,especiallythose

livingabroad,whousetheinternettospotpaintingsandtrack

pricesathundredsofgalleryandauctionwebsites.Priceshave

risenaround20-foldsince2000,particularlyforprizednames

suchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.

Therewouldhavebeen"nochance"ofthathappeningsofast

withouttheinternet,saysArunVadehra,whorunsagalleryin

DelhiandisanadvisertoChristie's,aninternationalauction

house.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianart,worth$200

millionlastyear,todoublein2022.Itisstillatinyfraction

ofthe$30billionglobalartmarket,butissizeableforan

emergingmarket.

Fornewlyrichoftenveryrich-non-residentIndians,expensive

artisabadgeofsuccessinaforeignland."Whoyouare,and

whatyouhave,areonyourwalls”,saysLaveshJagasia,anart

dealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsof

investment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58million

lastSeptemberwouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100,000

justfouryearsago.Anda$22millionart-investmentfund

launchedinJulyby0sian，s,abigIndianauctionhouse,has

grownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.

ScantattentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendof

the1990s.ThenwealthyIndians,particularlythoseliving

abroad,begantotakeaninterest.DineshVazirani,whoruns

Saffronart,aleadingIndianauctionsite,says60%ofhissales

gotobuyersoverseas.

Thefocusnowisonsixauctionsthismonth.Twotookplacein

Indialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchasSurendranNair

andShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby's

andChristie'shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweek,eachwith

aTyebMehtathatisexpectedtofetchmorethan$1million.

Therealquestionisteefateofotherworks,includingsome

byMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600,000.Iftheydowell,

itwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpull

uppricesacrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalong

waytorun.

Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattherecent

rapiddevelopmentofIndianmodernartiscloselyassociated

with.

A.economicboom

B.realestate

C.electronicelement

D.internationalaction

17、

Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theexpensiveartcanbe

seenasanidealmeansof.

A.triumph

B.appreciation

C.assessment

D.investment

18、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.PeopleattachedimportancetomodernIndianartlongbefore

theendof1980s.

B.RichIndians,particularlythose1ivingabroad,hada

strongpassionformodernIndianartforages.

C.Pricesattheemergingmarketofmodernarthadbeen

climbingandthendeclining.

D.RichIndiansdidnotshowinterestinmodernIndianart

untiltheendofthe1990s.

19、

Accordingtothetext,thefortuneofsuchworksasMr.Souza's

canexertaninfluenceon.

A.thecreationofmodernart

B.productionofyoungerartists

C.thestrongrejectionofmarketpolicy

D.thevalueofIndianmodernart

20、

Theauthor'snarrativeinthetextcenterson.

A.theprofitsbroughtaboutbyaprettypicture

B.whyIndianmodernartisbooming

C.theSuccessofIndiansoftwareand''business-process

outsourcing"firms

D.howwealthyIndiansevaluateIndianmodernart

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabout

unknownknowledgeonAIDS.Choosethemostsuitableheading

fromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41—45).The

firstparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisone

extraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.

A.WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroy

theimmunesystem?

B.Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDS

不______Q

q21

andHIVcropup?

C.Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy?

D.HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem?

E.Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?

F.WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypes

ofcancerandinfections?

Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetected,

scientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldisease

thananyother.

YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,

andStefanoVellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDS

Society,andotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestions

couldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandother

diseases.

Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:

(41).

Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelop

andareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShas

challengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmoreprone

tocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi's

sarcoms,butnottobreast,colonandlung,themostcommon

cancersintheUnitedStates.Thispatternsuggeststhatan

impairedimmunesystem,atleastthetypethatoccursinAIDS,

doesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop.

(42)

WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissue

barriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.

Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesof

differentkindsofcells.

EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesand

therestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthe

virusproceedstodestroythebody'sCD-4cellsthatareneeded

tocombatinvadinginfectiousagents.

(43)

AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirus,

thereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfected

peoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.Cantheelements

oftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybe

identified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDS

ininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthe

firstplace?

(44)

Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceof

preservingimmunefunction.Butthenewdrugsdonotcompletely

eliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicines,whichcanhave

dangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetakenforalifetime

andperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyis

expectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntilthere

aresignstheimmunesystemisweakening.

Isavaccinepossible?

Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucial

tocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestage

offulltesting,andthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegree

ofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmitted

invariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.Itisnot

knownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconfer

protectionagainstothertypes.

(45).

Withoutmoreincisive,focusedbehavioralresearch,prevention

messagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Researchersinvestigatingbrainsizeandmentalabilitysay

theirworkoffersevidencethateducationprotectsthemind

fromthebrain'sphysicaldeterioration.

(46)Itisknownthatthebrainshrinksasthebodyages,but

theeffectsonmentalabilityaredifferentfrompersonto

person.Interestingly,inastudyofelderlymenandwomen,

thosewhohadmoreeducationactuallyhadmorebrainshrinkage.

“Thatmayseemlikebadnews”,saidstudyauthorDr.Edward

Coffey,aprofessorofpsychiatryandofneurologyatHenryFord

HealthSysteminDetroit.

(47)However,heexplained,thefindingsuggeststhateducation

allowspeopletowithstandmorebraintissuelossbeforetheir

mentalfunctioningbeginstobreakdown.

Thestudy,publishedintheJulyissueofN