六級閱讀技巧：閱讀題型例子分析

大學(xué)英語六級強(qiáng)化班之—閱讀原文重現(xiàn)：原文告訴你選什么，你就應(yīng)該選什么，不能憑感覺和想象。盡量少讀：六級更多的對點出題，而不是對面出題。所有句子都認(rèn)識，但不知道整段的意思。but,yet,however轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面是重點，?？键c做題是要劃下來。六級題型：1.主旨題（sumup/title）--看文章每段第一句（抓大放小，找最重要的，看每段的第一句），但是當(dāng)文章的段落特別多時不適應(yīng)。24.whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?a)advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.b)labourandtheeffectsofautomation.c)unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.d)socialbenefitsofautomation.注：文章三段第一句都出現(xiàn)automation，兩段出現(xiàn)labour，因此這兩個詞是重點，必然在選項中出現(xiàn)。automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.thedevelopmentofautomationinamericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"secondindustrialrevolution".注：refersto指的是（對前面的詞下定義labour’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.注：labour雇員（即employee）concern[u]:(concernover/for/aboutsth./sb.)worry,anxietytoprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.注：union工會，聯(lián)盟，和雇員有關(guān)2.詞匯題--找詞所在句子關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如：六級很難，但是……，找轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but,yet,however。并列關(guān)系。例如：aandb，問a就把b內(nèi)容填進(jìn)去。六級中and前后一定是一致的。解釋關(guān)系。用BECause和從句inwhich等聯(lián)系。例如：30."anidentifyingfigure"(line2,para.5)referstoaperson______.a)whoservesasamodelforothersb)whoisalwayssuccessfulc)whocanbedependedupond)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess（文章前四段省略）admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.注：把握and前后是并列關(guān)系。（榜樣就是別人敬仰的人）記住不要多讀?。?！多讀會選錯！3.細(xì)節(jié)題--（針對原文的一點、一句話、一個詞組）直接細(xì)節(jié)、推理題（因果推理找as/because/since和暗示題imply）例如：推理題：31itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago______________a)eightypercentofamericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesb)twentypercentofamericanintellectualswereemployeesc)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersd)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers（反推）直接細(xì)節(jié)題：34.accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis_______.a)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee（把句中話反過來說）b)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsc)moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelationsd)asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganizationourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveamericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedamericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheindustrialrevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist’stradeorbookkeeping(簿記).everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.4.作者態(tài)度題（attitude）--正負(fù)態(tài)度凡是文章探討新事物--正態(tài)度（新正：支持）凡是文章探討老事物--負(fù)態(tài)度（老負(fù)：抨擊、反對）例外：中立題（不常見）25.thewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis______.a)affectionateb)disapprovingc)approvingd)neutral第二節(jié)●例子：例子必出題。文章有論點-論據(jù)-論證，例子是論證，用來支持論點，所以簡而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后論點（即前和/或后的兩句話）極其重要。不要選例子本身的選項?。?！比如農(nóng)夫與蛇就不會選不要把蛇揣在懷里例子開始的標(biāo)志：forexample，后面跟著大寫、時間、年代，依然是舉例內(nèi)容，及仍然往下掃描。（例子的具體內(nèi)容不用細(xì)讀）例子含義的標(biāo)志（也就是出的題要看的部位）：show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearly[page72]intheunitedstates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheendangeredspeciesactin1973.theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.inthe1990’s,forexample,thewoodcuttersinthewesternunitedstateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberinthecascademountains.thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(貓頭鷹),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters-andtheowls-wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.注：1.controversial的意思是受爭議的，同"sharplypoliticalissue"，contro-表示"反"contradict同…矛盾2.forexample前句子是重點3.problematic懸而未決的，有問題的（problema問題么？）similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使赤貧),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.注：1.tension張力，沖突2.看到similar就說明第二段說的和第一段一樣。3.but轉(zhuǎn)折是重點manyofthechangestoearththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.thedestructionofearth’sozonelayer(臭氧層),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.clearly,protectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactearth’scomplexweblife（小并列不重要）.36.whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?a)becausepeoplecan’tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.b)becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.c)becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.d)becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.注：細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段economicinterests●表示絕對的詞（滅絕師太）--出現(xiàn)在文章中，是非常重要的出題點；如果出現(xiàn)在選項中，很可能是不對的。（滅）全無：none-nothing-never-seldom-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither…nor（絕）全有：all-absolutely-every-full-either…or…唯一：only-exactly-best-most37.accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.a)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.b)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries.c)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation.d)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries.（反：和諧了）注：細(xì)節(jié)題，對應(yīng)文章第二段。舉例前那句話更重要，只要表達(dá)出"和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益沖突"就對了。多看到最后的文章，則可能會選c，所以盡量少看。38.accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood_______.a)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.b)isbutashort-termrelieftothefoodproblem.c)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood.d)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations.注：對應(yīng)文章第二段。short-term對應(yīng)temporarily，relief對應(yīng)avoid。39.among"humanity’scurrentproblems"(line6,para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientistsis_______.a)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries.（跨段信息，錯）b)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation.c)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity.d)theeffectofglobalwarming.注：第三段。c選項中reduction對應(yīng)rob，diversity對應(yīng)richness。40.theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.a)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems.（表層）b)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity’scurrentproblems.c)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity’scurrentproblems.d)topointoutthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonly（原文有）besolvedthroughthecooperationofnations.注：看最后一句話，cooperationofnations對應(yīng)coordinatedinternationalefforts。１．例子如何處理：重要的一定看明白，不重要的不看２．哪些重要（轉(zhuǎn)折、例子前后的話、滅絕的東西），哪些不重要（例子內(nèi)容、小的并列＜如水果的例子＞）[page80]wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)marklaudenslager,attheuniversityofdenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.注：1.vulnerable易受傷害的2.immunedefense免疫系統(tǒng)3.found之后是試驗告訴我們的觀點4.depress壓抑；沮喪的，de往下otherresearchersagree.jayweiss,apsychologistatdukeuniversityschoolofmedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.注：1.看第一句三個單詞就知道本段內(nèi)容和上一段相同。2.passive被動的21.laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity______.a)wasstrengthenedb)wasnotaffectedc)wasalteredd)wasweakened注：定位文章第一段found之后22.accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto______.a)trytocontrolunpleasantstimulib)turnofftheelectricityc)becomeabnormallysuspiciousd)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations注：定位第二段but之后那句話23.thereasonwhythemiceinader’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat______.a)theydislikeditstasteb)itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsc)itledtostomachpainsd)theyassociateditwithstomachaches第三節(jié)文章主旨題：做題時要把每段第一句話都有的單詞劃出來，然后在選項中一定要有這些單詞或同義詞，一般并不用看最后一句。除非選不出來，再去找例如例子的結(jié)論等等。［００１］itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemiSUNderstandingsbetweenthem.theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparent-childrelationships.（幾個that并列，都不重要，不用看）ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.thisisnottheirmotive.theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.注：1.critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的22.thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____.(a)theteenagers’criticismoftheirparents(b)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents(c)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren(d)theteenagers’abilitytodealwithcrises注：段落主旨，b和c只說了一部分。［００２］greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.atpresent,itisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.astothisrathercomplexsubjectishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.注：gf對城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境有重要的貢獻(xiàn)。（閱讀中名詞永遠(yuǎn)都不重要，不用認(rèn)識，但是動詞非常重要?。﹖hetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.40.themainideaofthispassageisthat_____.(a)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities（只有第２段的內(nèi)容）(b)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife(c)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago(d)prioritymust（滅絕）begiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities［００３］therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲).inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.thesearetheshrimps(小蝦)thatliveinthemojavedesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheunitedstateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50careoftenrecorded.theeggsofthemojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch(孵化).thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.?ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.23.thepassagemainlydealswith______.(a)thelifespanofthemojaveshrimps(b)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps(c)theimportanceofwatertolife(d)lifeinthemojavedesert注：三段出現(xiàn)shrimp，說明本文主要講shrimp，排除c和d，a選項lifespan沒出現(xiàn)過。［００４］inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"mastery"feelingimportantandworth-while-andthesourcesofwhatwecallasense"pleasure"-findinglifeenjoyable-arenotalwaysidentical.womenoftenaretold"youcan’thaveitall."sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:"youchoseacareer,soyoucan’texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife."or"youhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren--what’sallthisaboutwantingacareer?"butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-being（幸福，being**的狀態(tài)）hastwodimensions.oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem(自尊),asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,toworkandactivity.pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism(樂觀).itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.thetwoareindependentofeachother.awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.awoman’swell-beingisenhanced(增進(jìn))whenshetakesonmultipleroles.atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles-marriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.40.themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.(a)thewell-beingofcareerwomen(b)sourcesofmasteryandpleasure(c)twoaspectsofwomen’swell-being(d)freedomroleswomeninsociety注：a選項career縮小了范圍，b選項沒出現(xiàn)woman，擴(kuò)大了選項００５］thecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitors’rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.ifmajorcompetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremaincompetitive.applecomputer,inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersoncomputers,themacintoshiiandmacintoshse,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewpcbyibm,oneofapple’smajorcompetitors.apple’snewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.theimprovedmacintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanapplepc,includingibm-compatibleprograms.thiscompatibilityfeatureillustratescomputermanufacturers’newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.maltingapplecomputerscapableofrunningibmsoftwareisapple’seffortatmakingthemackintoshcompatiblewithibmcomputersandthusmorepopularintheOffice,whereapplehopestoincreasesales,usersofthenewapplecanalsoaddaccessoriestomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.thenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.companyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputer.applewantstostayinthehighpriceendofthepersonalcomputermarkertofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedcomputers.eventhoughappleandibmaremajorcompetitors,bothcompaniesrealizethattheircompetitor’scomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.theapplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics,where-astheibmmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwocompanies’products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothappleandibmchangemarketingstrategies.30.thebesttittleforthepassagewouldbe_________.a)apple’seffortssostayaheadof（既是競爭competition）ibmb)apple’snewcomputertechnologyc)apple’snewpersonalcomputersd)apple’sresearchactivities［００６］aneweraisuponus.callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.alreadywe’repartlythere.thepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyinthewesternworld.todaythemajorityofjobsinamerica,europeandjapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.therearemorepart-timejobs.morepeopleareself-employed.butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers-allthesearebeingchallenged.wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.25.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?a)computersandtheknowledgesociety.b)serviceindustriesinmodernsociety.c)featuresandimplicationsofthenewera.d)rapidadvancementofinformationtechnology注：一個選項能概括每一段的內(nèi)容或者大多數(shù)段的內(nèi)容，即看每段首句。主旨題的迷惑選項：末段內(nèi)容、細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容、加詞縮小范圍，減詞擴(kuò)大范圍。[007]materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"-physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces.examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.themostvividbodyof"things"init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.throughthes