聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2012年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2013年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2014年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2015年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2016年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2017年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2018年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2011年聊城大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammar(30’)

MultipleChoice

Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

1.Thevictory_____thesoldierswithoptimism.

A.approached

B.infused

C.influenced

D.brought

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這場勝利使士兵們充滿信心。infuse使充滿。approach接

近。influence影響。bring帶來。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

2.The_____oftheTitanicin1912wascausedbyahugeiceberg.

A.plunging

B.drowning

C.sinking

D.descending

【答案】C

【解析】句意：1912年的“泰坦尼克號”沉沒事件是由一座巨大的冰山造

成的。sink下沉。plunge投入。drown淹死。descend下降。因此，本題的

正確答案為C。

3.Tomorrowthenewpriestwillgivehisfirst_____tothecongregation.

A.speech

B.sermon

C.lecture

D.discourse

【答案】B

【解析】句意：明天新牧師將在集會上發(fā)表他的第一篇布道。sermon布

道。speech演講。lecture講座。discourse演說。因此，本題的正確答案

為B。

4.Shehas_____influencewiththemanager.

A.considering

B.considerable

C.considerate

D.consideration

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她對經(jīng)理影響巨大。considering考慮到……，為介詞。

considerable相當(dāng)大的。considerate體貼的。consideration考慮，為名詞。

因此，本題的正確答案為B。

5.Darkcloudsaregatheringinthesky,andastormis_____.

A.imminent

B.immediate

C.eminent

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意：空中烏云正在聚集，暴雨正在迫近。imminent迫近的。

immediate立即的。eminent杰出的。instantaneous瞬間的。因此，本題的

正確答案為A。

6.H1N1influenzausuallyhasa_____periodofabout2to7days.

A.tacit

B.covert

C.inert

D.latent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：H1N1流感通常有2到7天潛伏期。latent潛伏的，latent

period意為“潛伏期”，為固定搭配。tacit緘默的。covert隱蔽的。inert惰

性的。因此，本題的正確答案為D。

7.Theseflowersneedwatering;otherwise,theywill_____.

A.disappear

B.wither

C.flourish

D.blossom

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這些花需要澆水，否則就會枯萎。wither枯萎。disappear

消失。flourish茂盛。blossom開花。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

8.TheDeadSeais_____ofanyplantoranimallifebecauseoftheextremely

highcontentofsalts.

A.devoid

B.minus

C.absent

D.empty

【答案】A

【解析】句意：死海由于鹽分含量極高，其中沒有任何植物或動物生

存。devoid缺乏的，用法為bedevoidofsth意為“毫無某物”。minus負

的。absent缺席的。empty空的。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

9.ThearticlethatyouneedisintheMay2009_____ofReader’sDigest.

A.journal

B.periodical

C.publication

D.issue

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你需要的文章在2009年五月號的《讀者文摘》雜志上。

在英語中表示報紙雜志的期數(shù)時用issue。journal日報。periodical期刊。

publication出版物。因此，本題的正確答案為D。

10.Ithinkmyfriendsarespendingtheweekendwiththeir_____families.

A.respective

B.respectable

C.respected

D.respectful

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我認為我的朋友們都是和各自的家人一起過周末的。

respective分別的。respectable值得尊敬的。respected受尊敬的。

respectful恭敬的。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

11.Johnsonwishedthathe_____lastyear.

A.hadaccompaniedhisfathertoEurope

B.accompaniedhisfathertoEurope

C.wouldhaveaccompaniedhisfathertoEurope

D.shouldhaveaccompaniedhisfathertoEurope

【答案】C

【解析】句意：John希望去年陪父親一起去歐洲。由題意可知，wish后

的從句表示與過去事實相反的愿望，應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)為主語

+wish(that)+從句主語+would/couldhavedone…。因此，本題的正確答

案為C。

12.Thesereasonsmake_____forthechildrentoreceivehighereducation.

A.itisnecessary

B.necessary

C.thatnecessary

D.itnecessary

【答案】D

【解析】句意：這些理由使得孩子接受高等教育變得很有必要。make

it+adj.意為“使它變得……”，為固定搭配，此處形容詞為補語。因此，

本題的正確答案為D。

13.One’ssuccessisdetermined_____bywhathethinksasbywhathedoes.

A.notsomuch

B.sonotmuch

C.somuchnot

D.muchnotso

【答案】A

【解析】句意：一個人的成功并不特別取決于他的想法，而取決于他的

行動。notsomuch…as…意為“與其說……不如說是……”，為固定搭

配。根據(jù)題目后半句的as可判斷應(yīng)使用此結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，本題的正確答案

為A。

14._____havemadelifeeasierandmoreconvenientiswidelyaccepted.

A.Whatcomputers

B.Wherecomputers

C.Thatcomputers

D.Computers

【答案】C

【解析】句意：電腦使生活更容易、更方便，這一點已經(jīng)被廣泛接受。

該句中包含主語從句，由于從句描述的是一事實，故用that引導(dǎo)。因

此，本題的正確答案為C。

15.Thegirlknowsnobodyinthecity_____him.

A.otherthan

B.anotherthan

C.differentfrom

D.similarwith

【答案】A

【解析】句意：除了他，這女孩不認識這個城市里的任何人。otherthan

除了。differentfrom與……不同。similarwith與……相似，不符合題

意。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

16.Imagism_____movementintheearly20thcenturyAnglo-American

poetry,wasareactiontoVictoriansentimentalism.

A.wasa

B.thata

C.a

D.thatwasa

【答案】D

【解析】句意：印象派是從20世紀早期英美詩歌起源的一場運動，是對

維多利亞時代的感情主義的復(fù)古運動。該句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故逗號前只能是

修飾“imagism”的定語從句，用that引導(dǎo)，且從句不能缺少謂語。因此，

本題的正確答案為D。

17.ThomasPainewroteduringtheAmericanRevolutionaseriesofarticles,

_____wastoinspiretheAmericantroopstocontinuetheirbattlefor

independencefromEngland.

A.whosepurpose

B.itspurpose

C.thepurpose

D.purpose

【答案】A

【解析】句意：托馬斯·潘恩在美國革命期間寫了一系列故事，目的是鼓

舞美國軍隊繼續(xù)從英國手中贏得獨立的戰(zhàn)爭。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知逗號后

應(yīng)為非限制性定語從句，根據(jù)句意可知這里表達的是“托馬斯·潘恩的目

的”，用whose引導(dǎo)。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

18.Livinginmodernsociety,peopleshouldbe_____stress.

A.ableofhandling

B.abletohandle

C.capabletohandle

D.enabletohandle

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在現(xiàn)代社會生活的人們能夠處理壓力。表示“能力”時可

使用結(jié)構(gòu)beabletodosth./becapableofdoingsth.。enable意為“使能夠”，

用法為enablesb.todosth.。只有B項符合語法。因此，本題的正確答案

為B。

19.Itisrequiredthattheproject_____before2012.

A.iscompleted

B.becompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.willbecompleted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：按要求，這項工程應(yīng)該在2012年前完成。itisrequired

that…句型后接that從句時，從句用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。

因此，本題的正確答案為B。

20.Susandidnothandinherassignmentthismorningbecauseshehad

forgotten_____.

A.bringingitwithher

B.tobringingitwithher

C.aboutbringingitwithher

D.tobringitwithher

【答案】D

【解析】句意：Susan今天早晨沒有交作業(yè)，因為她忘了帶。forgettodo

sth.意為“忘記去做某事”，表示沒有做應(yīng)該做的事。因此，本題的正確

答案為D。

Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(40’)

SectionIMultipleChoice(20’)

Directions:Inthissectionthereare2readingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-

choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyour

answersheet.

PassageA

Ourloveaffairwithsugarandalsowithsalt,anothercrucialbutnotalways

availablepartofthedietgoesbackmillionsofyears.Buthumanity’sappetite

foranimalfatandproteinisprobablymorerecent.Itwassome2.5million

yearsagothatourhominidancestorsdevelopedatasteformeat.Thefossil

recordshowsthatthehumanbrainbecamemarkedlybiggerandmore

complexaboutthesametime.Andindeed,accordingtoKatherineMilton,an

anthropologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,“theincorporationof

animalmatterintothedietplayedanabsolutelyessentialroleinhuman

evolution.”

Forstarters,meatprovidedaconcentratedsourceofprotein,vitamins,

mineralsandfattyacidsthathelpedourhumanancestorsgrowtaller.The

firsthumanswerethesizeofsmallchimps,butthebonesofaHomoergaster

boydatingbackabout1.5millionyearssuggestthathecouldhavestood

morethan6ft.asanadult.Besidesbuildingourbodies,saysEmory

University’sDr.S.BoydEaton,thefattyacidsfoundinanimal-basedfoods

wouldhaveservedasapowerfulrawmaterialforthegrowthofhuman

brains.

Becauseit’ssopackedwithnutrients,meatgaveearlyhumansarespitefrom

constantfeeding.Likelionsandtigers,theydidn’thavetocataroundthe

clockjusttokeepgoing.Butmoreimportant,unlikethebigcats,whichrely

mostlyonstrengthandspeedtobringdowndinner,ourancestorsdepended

onguile,organizationandthesocialandtechnologicalskillsmadepossible

bytheirincreasinglycomplexbrains.Thosewhoweresmartestabouthunting

andaboutgatheringtheplantfoodstheyateaspartoftheiromnivorousdiets

tendedtobebetterfedandhealthierthanthecompetition.Theywerethus

morelikelytopassalongtheirgenes.

Thenewappetiteformeatdidn’tmeanwelostourpassionforsweets,

though.AsBerkeley’sMiltonpointsout,thebrain’sgrowthmayhavebeen

facilitatedbyabundantanimalprotein,butthebrainoperatesonglucose,the

sugarthatservesasthemajorfuelforcellularfunction.“Thebraindrinks

glucose24hoursaday,”shesays.Thesugarsinfruitandthecarbohydrates

inediblegrainsandtubersareparticularlygoodsourcesofglucose.

Theappetiteformeatandsweetswereessentialtohumansurvival,butthey

didn’tleadtoobesityforseveralreasons.Foronething,thewildgameour

ancestorsatewashighinproteinbutverylow’infatonlyabout4%,

comparedwithupto36%ingrain-fedsupermarketbeef.Foranother,our

ancestorscouldn’tcountonasteadysupplyofanyparticularfood.Hunters

mightbringdownadeerorarabbitornothingatall.Fruitmightbein

season,oritmightnot.Achunkofhoneycombmighthaveasmanycalories

ashalfadozenKrispyKremedoughnuts,butyoumightbeabletogetitonce

ayearatbest—anditwouldn’thavethefat.

Beyondthat,huntingandgatheringtookenormousphysicalwork.Chasing

wildanimalswithspearsandclubswasamarathonundertakingandthenyou

hadtohackupthecatchandlugitmilesbacktocamp.Climbingtreestofind

nutsandfruitwashardworktoo.Inessence,earlyhumansalewhat

amountedtothebestofthehigh-proteinAtkinsdietandthelow-fatOrnish

diet,andworkedoutalmostnonstop.Togetasenseoftheirendurance,

cardiovascularfitness,musculatureandbodyfat,sayevolutionary

anthropologists,lookatamodernmarathonrunner.

1.Whichofthefollowingfirstappearedasastaplepartofhumandiet?

A.meat

B.sugar

C.protein

D.fat

2.Theword“hominid”inLine3,Paragraph1means_____.

A.intelligent

B.primitive

C.able

D.flexible

3.Aftermeatbecamepartofourancestors’diet,_____.

A.theirbodiesandbrainswerebothimproved

B.theynolongerneededsweets

C.theybegantocataroundtheclockjusttokeepgoing

D.theycoulddependmostlyonstrengthandspeedtoobtainfood

4.Themajorphysicalcharacteristicsofearlyhumanscanbefoundina

modern_____.

A.scientist

B.marathonrunner

C.child

D.man

5.Accordingtothepassage,theappetiteforsweetsandmeatdidnotleadto

obesityofourancestorsbecauseallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

A.themeattheyatewashighinproteinbutlowinfat

B.theytriedtoloseweight

C.theydidnothaveasteadysupplyofanyparticularfood

D.theyneededtodoenormousphysicalwork

【答案與解析】

1.B文章第一段第一句提到“Ourloveaffairwithsugarandalsowithsalt,

anothercrucialbutnotalwaysavailablepartofthedietgoesbackmillionsof

years.”，后文提到人類食用動物肉類和蛋白質(zhì)比起對糖與鹽的熱愛則更

晚一些。由此可知，人類最早大量食用的是糖類。故選B。

2.B文章主要圍繞著“原始人的食譜”展開討論，而原始人是人類的祖

先。由此可推測hominidancestor指的是人類“原始的祖先”，hominid即

指“原始的”。故選B。

3.A文章第二段第一句提到“meatprovidedaconcentratedsourceof

protein…thathelpedourhumanancestorsgrowtaller.”，人類食譜中的肉提

供了大量營養(yǎng)，使得人類能長得更高。結(jié)尾提到“Besidesbuildingour

bodies…thefattyacidsfoundinanimal-basedfoodswouldhaveservedasa

powerfulrawmaterialforthegrowthofhumanbrains.”，肉類中的脂肪酸

可以給人類大腦提供生長原料。由此可知，人類食譜中的肉類可以讓人

類的身體和大腦能力都得到增強。故選A。

4.B文章最后一段最后一句提到“Togetasenseoftheirendurance,

cardiovascularfitness,musculatureandbodyfat,sayevolutionary

anthropologists,lookatamodernmarathonrunner.”。由此可知，據(jù)研究，

原始人的耐力、強健的心血管、肌肉組織和體脂含量都和現(xiàn)代的馬拉松

運動員差不多。故選B。

5.B根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“obesity”定位至文章倒數(shù)第二段。該段提到了一些

原始人攝入肉類和糖，但不會導(dǎo)致肥胖的原因：原始人的食物是高蛋

白、低脂肪的；特定食物供應(yīng)來源不穩(wěn)定。文章最后一段又提到原始人

為了生存而進行的打獵和采集活動需要大量體力。原始人不會刻意去減

肥。故B項錯誤。

PassageB

TherewasatimewhenAmericansthoughttheyunderstoodclass.Theupper

crustvacationedinEuropeandworshipedanEpiscopalGod.Themiddle

classdroveFordFairlanes,settledtheSanFernandoValleyandenlistedas

companymen.TheworkingclassbelongedtotheA.F.L.-C.I.O.,voted

DemocraticanddidnottakecruisestotheCaribbean.

Today,thecountryhasgonealongwaytowardanappearanceof

classlessness.Americansofallsortsareawashinluxuriesthatwouldhave

dazzledtheirgrandparents.Socialdiversityhaserasedmanyoftheold

markers.Ithasbecomehardertoreadpeople’sstatusintheclothesthey

wear,thecarstheydrive,thevotestheycast,thegodtheyworship,thecolor

oftheirskin.Thecontoursofclasshaveblurred;somesaytheyhave

disappeared.

ButclassisstillapowerfulforceinAmericanlife.Overthepastthree

decades,ithascometoplayagreater,notlesser,roleinimportantways.Ata

timewheneducationmattersmorethanever,successinschoolremains

linkedtightlytoclass.Atatimewhenthecountryisincreasinglyintegrated

racially,therichareisolatingthemselvesmoreandmore.Atatimeof

extraordinary-advancesinmedicine,classdifferencesinhealthandlifespan

arewideandappeartobewidening.

Andnewresearchonmobility,themovementoffamiliesupanddownthe

economicladder,showsthereisfarlessofitthaneconomistsoncethought

andlessthanmostpeoplebelieve.Infact,mobility,whichoncebuoyedthe

workinglivesofAmericansasitroseinthedecadesafterWorldWarIIhas

latelyflattenedoutorpossiblyevendeclined,manyresearcherssay.

MobilityisthepromisethatliesattheheartoftheAmericandream.Itis

supposedtotakethestingoutofthewideninggulfbetweenthehave-mores

andthehave-nots.TherearepoorandrichintheUnitedStates,ofcourse,the

argumentgoes;butaslongasonecanbecometheother,aslongasthereis

somethingclosetoequalityofopportunity,thedifferencesbetweenthemdo

notadduptoclassbarriers.

However,thetrendsarebroadandseeminglycontradictory:theblurringof

thelandscapeofclassandthesimultaneoushardeningofcertainclasslines;

theriseinstandardsoflivingwhilemostpeopleremainmooredintheir

relativeplaces.

Evenasmobilityseemstohavestagnated,theranksoftheeliteareopening.

Today,anyonemayhaveashotatbecomingaUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

justiceoraC.E.O.andtherearemoreandmoreself-madebillionaires.Only

37membersoflastyear’sForbes400.alistoftherichestAmericans,

inheritedtheirwealth,downfromalmost200inthemid-1980’s.

Soitappearsthatwhileitiseasierforafewhighachieverstoscalethe

summitsofwealth,formanyothersithasbecomehardertomoveupfrom

oneeconomicclasstoanother.Americansarearguablymorelikelythanthey

were30yearsagotoendupintheclassintowhichtheywereborn.

AparadoxliesattheheartofthisnewAmericanmeritocracy.Merithas

replacedtheoldsystemofinheritedprivilege,inwhichparentstothemanner

bornhandeddownthemanortotheirchildren.Butmerit,itturnsout,isat

leastpartlyclass-based.Parentswithmoney,educationandconnections

cultivateintheirchildrenthehabitsthatthemeritocracyrewards.Whentheir

childrenthensucceed,theirsuccessisseenasearned.

Thescrambletoscoopupahouseinthebestschooldistrict,channelachild

intotherightpreschoolprogramorlandthebestmedicalspecialistareall

partofaquietcontestamongsocialgroupsthattheaffluentandeducatedare

winninginarout.

“Theoldsystemofhereditarybarriersandclubbybarriershasprettymuch

vanished.”saidEricWanner,presidentoftheRussellSageFoundation,a

socialscienceresearchgroupinNewYorkCitythatrecentlypublisheda

seriesofstudiesonthesocialeffectsofeconomicinequality.

Inplaceoftheoldsystem,Dr.Wannersaid,havearisen“newwaysof

transmittingadvantagethatarebeginningtoassertthemselves.”

6.Whichofthefollowingleavesanimpressiononpeoplethatclass

distinctionsaredisappearinginAmerica?

A.Americansofallsortsareenjoyingluxuries.

B.Childrenofthewealthyfamiliestendtobemoresuccessfulinschools.

C.Therichreceivebettermedicaltreatment.

D.Therichhavealongerlifespan.

7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?

A.Americansoncethoughtthattheyunderstoodwhatclassmeant.

B.Americahasbecomeaclasslesscountry.

C.Classdifferencesinsomefieldsarewidening.

D.ClassisnowplayingagreaterroleinAmericansocietythanbefore.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe

Americandream?

A.MobilityisacoretenetoftheAmericandream.

B.Americansaremorelikelythanbeforetoendupintheclassintowhich

theywereborn.

C.IthasbecomemoredifficultformostpeopletorealizetheAmerican

dream.

D.AmericanshavegivenuptheirAmericandream.

9.Whatdoestheword‘‘contradictory”inLine1,Paragraph6mean?

A.conflicting

B.complementary

C.cooperative

D.harmonious

10.WhatisthecorrectexpressionabouttheAmericanmeritocracy?

A.Advancementisnotbasedonindividualabilityorachievement.

B.Meritisclass-basedtosomeextentinAmerica.

C.Itfailstomakethoseexcellentpeoplesucceed.

D.Onlytherichcanbenefitfromthestem.

【答案與解析】

6.A文章第二段提到了美國階級消失的一些表現(xiàn)：所有階層的美國人都

接受了奢侈品的洗禮；社會多元化抹除了一些舊的標志。由此可知，美

國階級消失的表現(xiàn)之一就是所有階層的美國人都能享用奢侈品。故選

A。

7.B文章開頭提到“TherewasatimewhenAmericansthoughtthey

understoodclass.”；第三段第二句提到“Overthepastthreedecades,ithas

cometoplayagreater,notlesser,roleinimportantways.”，結(jié)尾提到“Ata

timeofextraordinary-advancesinmedicine,classdifferencesinhealthand

lifespanarewideandappeartobewidening.”。因此A、C、D三項正確。

文章第三段第一句提到“ButclassisstillapowerfulforceinAmerican

life.”，由此可知美國還沒有實現(xiàn)“無階級”，因此B項錯誤。

8.D文章第五段第一句提到“Mobilityisthepromisethatliesattheheartof

theAmericandream.”，流動性是美國夢的中心；第八段提到“Americans

arearguablymorelikelythantheywere30yearsagotoendupintheclass

intowhichtheywereborn.”；文中提到“流動性似乎已經(jīng)停滯”，矛盾逐漸

加大，由此可推斷美國夢的實現(xiàn)變得更困難。故A、B、C三項正確。文

中沒有說到“美國人放棄了美國夢”，故D項錯誤。

9.A文章第六段對潮流進行了解釋：階級景象的模糊化與同時出現(xiàn)的特

定階級分割線的加強；生活水平的提高與大多數(shù)人依舊停留在與他們相

關(guān)的地方的情況。這些情況形成了對比，由此可知“contradictory”即表

示這個意思。conflicting意為“矛盾的”，最符合題意。故選A。

10.D文章倒數(shù)第四段提到在美國精英教育中，“Merithasreplacedthe

oldsystemofinheritedprivilege,inwhichparentstothemannerbornhanded

downthemanortotheirchildren.”；倒數(shù)第三段提到父母的這些做法都屬

于“aquietcontestamongsocialgroupsthattheaffluentandeducatedare

winninginarout.”。由此可推斷，只有富裕的、受過教育的社會群體才

能成功。故選D。

Section2Answeringquestions(20’)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETE

SENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonly

informationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouransweron

youranswersheet.

Questions1~3

Hesleepsthedayaway,andisirritablewhenhe’sawake.She’smoodyand

mopesaround.Hecatseverythingoralmostnothing.Shehidesinherroom,

shunningeventhesimplestchores.Doesthissoundlikeateenageryou

know?

Neuroscientistssuspecttheadolescentbrainiswiredforemotionalturbulence

andretreatfromthefamily.Thesetendenciesmayhelpteenagersseparate

fromtheirparentsandreachouttopeers.Butthosesametendenciescan

makeithardtotellwhentheworkofgrowingupisturningintoadepression

thatdeservestreatment.Roughlyoneoutof12teenssufferssignificant

depressionbeforetheageof18.Girls,oncetheyreachpuberty,aretwiceas

likelyasboystobecomedepressed.Approximatelyhalfoftheteenagerswith

untreateddepressionmayattemptsuicide,whichremainsthethirdleading

causeofdeathinthisagegroup.

Importantdifferencesseparatethegrowingpainsofadolescencefrom

depression.Apainfulbreakup,arejectionbypeers,abadgradeora

humiliatingdisagreementwithanadultmaycauseunhappinessorfrustration

forafewdays.Depressiondominateslifeforweeksormonths,andmay

appearfornoknownreason.Depressedkidswhomaybebiologicallymore

vulnerablethanotherstoenvironmentalstressfeelalmostconstantly

miserableandenjoyverylittle.Butdepressionisn’talwaysexpressedas

sadness.Theteenmaybeirritable,orcomplainofheadachesorstomach

painsinsteadofdescribingabadmood.Energy,sleepandappetitemay

suffer.Somedepressedkidsfunctionpoorlyatschoolorwithdrawfrom

friendsandfamily.Andwhileitisnormalforadolescentstothinkabout

mortalityandthemeaningoflife,it’snotnormaltobepreoccupiedwith

deathortoseriouslycontemplatesuicide.

Antidepressantsareneitherpanaceanorpoison,buttheydohelpmanykids.

Theworriesaboutthesedrugsarefamous.Rightafterstartingan

antidepressant,somekidsdobecomemoreanxiousorrestless,andafewmay

haveanincreaseinsuicidalthoughts.Butdepressionitselfcarriesgreater

risks,itismuchmorelikelytocausesuicide,anditcanthwarthealthy

development.Anyteenstartinganti-depressanttherapyshouldbeseen

regularlybytheprescribingdoctor,andthefamilyshouldcallimmediatelyif

thechildgetsworseinsteadofbetter.

Medicationsareonlypartofgoodtreatment,though.Themeasuresthat

promotehealthyadolescentgrowthalsoarehelpfulfordepression.Moderate

aerobicexerciserelieveddepressivesymptomsinalmosthalfofyoungadults

inonerecentstudy.Goodsleepingandeatinghabits,whilesometimesa

toughselltoadolescents,canalsoimprovemood.Psychotherapycanhelp

teensfigureoutwhatmakesthemfeelhelplessorself-criticalanddevelop

strategiestoputthingsright.Andwhenadolescentslatchontoanactivity

theyvaluethatalsohelpsothers,theirmoodimproves,andsodoestheir

senseofself.Imagingstudiesconfirmthataltruisticbehaviorlightsupthe

brain’srewardareas.

Thefuturemaybringbetterantidepressants,alongwithbettertoolsfor

identifyingwhichmedicationsarebestsuitedtowhichchild.Butit’salready

possibleforteenstolearntosustainrelationships,toturnbackthoughtsthat

spurdepressionandtocontributetocauseslargerthanthemselves.By

supportingtheminthesequests,wecaneasethetransitionoutofchildhood,

andhelpthembuildmorefulfillinglivesasadults.

1.Whatcommonsymptomsdoesdepressionhaveandwhatserious

consequencescanitleadto?

2.Whatmeasuresarehelpfulfordepression?

3.Whatcanbeexpectedofthefutureinthetreatmentofdepression?

【答案與解析】

1.Thecommonsymptomsincludesadness,irritation,headachesandstomach

painsandsoon.Depressionmayleadtothesufferingofenergy,sleepand

appetite,thepoorfunctionatschool,withdrawfromfriendsandfamilyand

evensuicide.

（文章第三段提到了抑郁癥的癥狀以及可能帶來的嚴重后果：癥狀不一

定只是悲傷，還包括易怒、頭疼、胃痛等。抑郁癥可能會導(dǎo)致無精打

采、睡眠質(zhì)量差、沒有胃口，在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，拒絕和朋友家人交流，

甚至自殺。）

2.Antidepressants,moderateaerobicexercise,goodsleepingandeating

habits,psychotherapyandaltruisticbehaviors.

（文章倒數(shù)第三段主要說明抗抑郁藥的作用；倒數(shù)第二段提到抗抑郁藥

不是唯一的方法，還有其他的方式：適度有氧運動、良好的吃飯睡眠習(xí)

慣、心理療法及利他性行為都可以幫助治療抑郁癥。）

3.Thefuturemaybringbetterantidepressantsalongwithbettertoolsfor

identifyingwhichmedicationsarebestsuitedtowhichchild.

（文章最后一段第一句提到，未來可能會有更好的抗抑郁劑，以及更好

的工具，用來針對特定的孩子確定最適合的藥物。）

Questions4~5

QUNU,SouthAfrica(AP)-NelsonMandelasatbeaminginayellow

armchair,hislegsproppeduponalargestoolandcoveredwithapaleyellow

blanket.Tengrandchildrencrowdedaroundtoserenadehimwith“Happy

Birthday”andthensmotheredhimwithhugsandkisses.

Theanti-apartheidiconcelebratedhis90thbirthdayFridaywithhisfamilyat

hishomeinruralsoutheasternSouthAfricaandthewholevillageturnedout.

Eldersintraditionaldresscametopaytheirrespects,sheepweretruckedinto

theproperlyandatroupeofbare-breastedyoungwomensanganddancedin

preparationforMandela’slunchwith500dignitariesSaturday.

Hestillfoundtimetosettledowntoreadapileofnewspapers,tokeepup

withlocalandinternationalaffairs.

Soundingandlookingvigorous,Mandelatoldasmallgroupofreportershe

wasfortunatetohavereached90,creditinghis“behavior”forhislongevity.

Butthemanwhohasbecomeasymbolofpeaceremainstroubledbythe

demoralizingpovertystillfacedbysomanyofhiscountrymen.

“Ifyouarepoor,youarenotlikelytolivelong,”hesaid,

Hismessagewassimplethewealthymustdomore.

“TherearemanypeopleinSouthAfricawhoarerichandwhocansharethose

richeswiththosenotsofortunate,whohavenotbeenabletoconquer

poverty,”Mandelasaidduringthe10-minuteinterview,hisfirstsuch

exchangewithjournalistsinyears.

Hewasaskedifhewishedhecouldhavehadmoretimewithhisfamily

duringalifespentfightingapartheidandthenleadingSouthAfricaasitsfirst

blackpresident.

“Iamsureformanypeoplethatistheirwish,”Mandelasaid.“Ialsohavethat

wishthatIspentmoretime(withmyfamily).ButIdon’tregretit.”

Histhirdwife,GracaMachel,whomhemarried10yearsagoonhisbirthday,

saidinaTVinterviewthathewasalonelymandespitehisbusyscheduleas

aleaderwhenshemethimafewyearsafterhedivorcedWinnieMadikizela-

Mandelain1996.ShetoldAl-Jazeeratelevisionshehelpedhimreconnect

withhisfamily.

“IfIcouldsayinaverymodestway,that’swhatIwasabletogivehimback,”

Machel,anotedcampaignerforchildren’srights,saidintheinterview

broadcastFriday.“I’mhappythatinhissunsetyearsIwasabletobethere

forhim.Andheisthereforme.”

Mandelawasimprisonedfornearlythreedecadesforhisfightagainst

apartheid.Hewasreleasedin1990toleadnegotiationsthatendeddecadesof

racistwhiterule,thenwaselectedpresidentinSouthAfrica’sfirstdemocratic

electionsin1994.

Hecompletedhistermin1999anddidnotrunagain,buthascontinuedto

takealeadingroleinthefightagainstpoverty,illiteracyandAIDSinAfrica.

TukwiniMandela,33,oneofMandela’sgranddaughters,saidFridaywas“a

specialdaybecauseweareplanningahugepartyonSaturdayandweare

hopingheisgoingtoenjoyit.”

“Wehaveinvitedhisoldestfriendswhohavemeantsomethingtohimand

havemadeadifferenceinhislife.”shesaid.

WhilenotallMandela’s18grandchildrenandsixgreat-grandchildrenwere

attendingthecelebrations,manywerepresentFriday,creatingawarm

atmosphereinthehouse,decoratedwithanimalskinmatsandAfricanprints

onthewalls.

Wearingoneofhissignaturepatternedshirtsinshadesofgreen,goldand

black,Mandelaglancedpensivelyoutawindowatthestartofhisinterview

withTheAssociatedPressandafewothernewsorganizations.

“Thisismyproperty.WhenIamhere,IfeelIownsomething,”hesaidofthe

homesteadintheruralarea600milessouthofJohannesburgwhereasaboy

heherdedcattleinthehills.Hisgrandchildrenspokeoftheirpridein

Mandela,theresponsibilityofbearinghisnameandthedesiretoprotectthe

oldmanwhocouldnotbetherewhentheyweregrowingup.

“Weareextremelyproudofhisachievementsandthesacrificeshemade,”said

NandiMandela,40.“Hishumanityandhisloveforthepeople,especially

childrenhavemadehimintothisworldicon.Welovehimdearly.”

Shesaidbirthdayshavealwaysbeenspecialoccasionsforhergrandfather.

Sherecalledhow,withoutfail,shewouldreceiveagreetingcardfrom