牛津譯林版英語八年級寒假復習預習講義03

第三講Grammar簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句的五種基本句型英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)來分，可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句三種類型。筒單句是由一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)組成的句子，其中的各個句子成分都是詞或短語：(1)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十謂語（不及物動詞）(S+V)。Sandyissinging.桑迪正在唱歌。(2)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十謂語（及物動詞）十賓語（名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞等）(S+V+DO)。Theylikethebirds．他們喜歡那些鳥。(3)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十系動詞（be動詞、感官動詞等）+表語（名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等）(S+V+P)。Theswanisbeautiful.天鵝很漂亮。(4)主謂雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十謂語（及物動詞）+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（物）(S+V+IO+DO)。Annshowsherfriendsomephotos.安給她的朋友看一些照片。(5)主謂賓賓補結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十謂語（及物動詞）+賓語十賓語補足語（名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式等）(S+V+DO+OC)。正確。用法詳解1、S(主）+V（謂語）(系動詞）+P（表語）→主系表結(jié)構(gòu)例如：WeareChinese.【說明】(1).除了be系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，①表感官的動詞，feel,smell,taste,sound,look,seem等。②表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，bee,get,grow,turn,go,等。③表延續(xù)的動詞keep,seem等。④表瞬時的動詞e,fall等。(2).表語也就是主語的補足語。1）S+V+名詞/代詞例如：Heisaboy.2）S+V+形容詞例如：Sheisbeautiful.3）S+V+adv副詞例如：Classisover.4）S+V+介詞短語例如：Heisingoodhealth.5）S+V+分詞例如：Heisexcited.一言以蔽之，就是連系動詞后面的就/才是表語!記住了系動詞就相當于記住了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)！?。?！接下來我們先區(qū)分兩個概念：及物動詞和不及物動詞1）及物動詞是后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞:see/hear/drank/eat/…Isawhimlastweek.2）不及物動詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞:laugh/smile/look/listen/…如果要加賓語,就要靠一個介詞來幫助:Shelookattheblackboardcarefully.Helistenedtohisteacherinclass.2.由不及物動詞，我們就有了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。即S(主)+Vi（不及物動詞）（謂語）→主謂結(jié)構(gòu)例如：Timeflies.然后我們再在動詞后面加上修飾動作快慢的修飾詞、表示動作發(fā)生地點、時間、方式、原因、目的等等短語，就有了以下幾個結(jié)構(gòu)：1）S+V+副詞（狀語）修飾動詞例如：Birdssingbeautifully.2）S+Vi+介詞短語（狀語）表動作發(fā)生的時間例如：Hewentonholiday.3）S+Vi+不定式（狀語）表動作發(fā)生的目的例如：Westoppedtohavearest.4）S+Vi+分詞（狀語）例如：I'llgoswimming.3.由及物動詞，我們就有了主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。即S(主）+Vt（及物動詞）（謂語）+O（賓語）→主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)例如：WelikeEnglish.1）S+Vt+名詞/代詞例如：Ilikemusic.2）S+Vt+不定式例如：Iwanttohelphim.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：decide,hope,learn,need,promise,want,等。3）S+Vt+疑問詞+不定式例如：Idon'tknowwhattodo.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：ask,decide,findout,forget,know等。4）S+Vt+動名詞例如：Ienjoylivinghere.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：advise,enjoy,finish,mind,practise等。5）S+Vt+賓語從句例如：Idon'tthink(that)heisright.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：hope,know,notice,think,wonder等。有些動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞，要注意區(qū)分。。。Theyflythekites.他們放風箏。Thekitesflyinthesky.風箏在天上飛。4、再把主謂賓的賓分為人和物，我們就有了主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。即S(主）+Vt（謂語）+InO（間接賓語）+DO（直接賓語）→主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)例如：Igiveyouhelp.1）S+Vt+間接賓語+直接賓語例如：Isenthimabook.2）S+Vt+直接賓語+to/for+間接賓語例如：Hesentabooktome.【說明】①間接賓語前需要加to的常用動詞有：bring,give,lend,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。②間接賓語前需要加for的常用動詞有：buy,get,make等。5、再把主謂賓的賓加上點補充說明賓語的詞，我們就有了主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)。即S(主）+Vt（謂語）+O（賓語）+OC（賓語補足語）→主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)例如：Imakeyouclear.【強調(diào)】賓語和賓語補足語之間通常具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。1）S+Vt+賓語+名詞例如：WenamedourbabyTom.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：call,find,make,name等。2）S+Vt+賓語+形容詞例如：Hepaintedthewallwhite.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：cut,find,keep,leave,make,see,wash等。3）S+Vt+賓語+介詞短語例如：Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4）S+Vt+賓語+不定式例如：Iwishyoutostay.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：①不定式帶to的詞：ask,invite,tell,want,warn,wish等。②不定式不帶to的詞：have,know,let,make,notice,see,watch等。5）S+Vt+賓語+分詞例如：Iheardmynamecalled（表示被動）.Ifeelsomethingmoving（表示進行）.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：notice,observe,see,watch等。6）S+Vt+賓語+疑問詞+不定式例如：Heshowmehowtodoit.【說明】常用于這句型的動詞有：ask,show,teach,tell等?！倦y點】如何區(qū)分雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)和賓補結(jié)構(gòu)？在賓語的后面加上be動詞，若能構(gòu)成一個語義通順的句子，就是補足語。第三講ExercisesGrammar簡單句的五種基本句型=1\*ROMANI.詞匯(共10小題)01.Theytoldmetheyallenjoyedtheir______(逗留)inBeijinglastmonth.02.ImadeabirthdaycardformymotheroutsidebecauseIwantedtokeepit_________(秘密的).03.Lindaenjoyedthewonderfulsonganddanceshowsandlearnedalotaboutdifferent___________(文化).04.Shefeltunhappybecausehermotherlooked__________(生氣)ather.05.Mr.WugotaninvitationfromDavid,andhe________(接受)ithappily.06.Thecatcaughtthree____________(butterfly)anditwouldn’tletthemgo.07.You’dbetter_________(nothurt)thewildanimals.08.Mybookis__________(lose),Ican'tfindit.09.Wedideverythingwecould______________(protect)theanimalindanger.10.Hefeltmuch_____________(health)afterexercisingforalongtime.=2\*ROMANII.單選（共15小題）()01.Lookat_____snowman,Jack!Howdoyoulikeit? Thisis_____mostwonderfuloneIhaveeverseen. A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a()02.Chinaislargerthan_____inAsia(亞洲).A.anycountry B.anyothercountry C.theothercountry D.anothercountry()03.TheChineseTeamwon199goldenmedalsinGuangzhouAsianGames._____goodnews!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How()04.What’syourbestfriendlike? He_____.A.likesplayingfootball B.isliketallandthinC.isliketohelpmealot D.ishelpfulandkind()05.Thesentencestructureof“Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.”is_____.A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC()06.Dennisdoesn’tpaint_____others,buthisideasarethemostwonderfulofall.A.ascarefulas B.socarefullyasC.morecarefulthan D.lesscarefulthan()07.Allandidn’ttakethecoatwithhimonacoldnight._____,hegotacold.A.Firstofall B.Becauseof C.Asaresult D.Forexample()08.Hemadeafire_____himself_____warm.A.tomake;keep B.tomake;tokeepC.make;tokeep D.make;keep()09.Whichofthetwoshirtsdoyoulikebetter?I’lltake_____.Theyareveryfashionableandcheap.A.nothingB.none C.all D.both()10.If

thereare

_____peopledrivingcars,therewillbe

_____airpollution.Yes,theairwillbefresher.A.less;less

B.less;fewer

C.fewer;fewer D.fewer;less()11.Look!Therearemany_____inthesky.Ithinkitwillbe______tomorrow.A.cloud,cloudyB.cloudy,cloud C.clouds,cloudy D.cloudy,cloudy()12.The

police

told

the

boys

_____

on

the

road.A.

don’t

play

football B.

not

to

play

football

C.

not

playing

football

D.

don’t

to

play

football

()13.Look!Thegirl_____longhairismakingasnowman.IssheSandy?It_____beher.I’mnotsure.A.with,mustn’tB.has,mustC.has,can’tD.with,may()14.Parents_____foodandclothes.A.providechildrento B.providechildrenforC.providechildrenagainst D.providechildrenwith()15.Moreandmorewildanimalsareindanger._____.A.Congratulation!B.Goodidea!C.Whatapity!D.Idon’tthinkso.=3\*ROMANIII.選詞填空（共10小題）protect,important,world,beableto,feelsorry,makeuslaugh,protect,important,world,beableto,feelsorry,makeuslaugh,indanger,lookafter,makebreakfast,insteadof01.ZhalongNatureReserveis____________________wetlandinChina.It’smoreimportantthananyother.02.DoesSamlikedolphinsandsquirrels?No.Helikesgiantpandasandzebras____________________dolphinsandsquirrels.03.Theshopkeeper____________________andactedtoprotectwildanimalsbynotsellingfurcoats.04.Sallyishumorous.Sheoftentellsfunnyjokesand____________________.05._____________yourparents____________________whenyouwokeupthismorning?06.Shouldwetakeactionrightawaytomakelaws____________________rareanimals?07.ThemembersoftheBirdwatchingSocietyarewritingtotellyouaboutsomerarebirds____________________.08.Whatdoyouknowabouttigers?They____________________runveryfast,butonlyforashortwhile.09.Who____________________thebabyifIamnotabletoebacktomorrow?10.TheRiverSeineisoneofthe____________________mostfamousrivers.=4\*ROMANIV.完成句子(共5小題)01.云南一年到頭都溫暖如春。Yunnaniswarmlikespring.02.如果農(nóng)民繼續(xù)砍伐樹木和森林，大熊貓會沒有地方可住。Iffarmerskeepcuttingdowntreesandforests,giantpandaswill.