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中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)基于PLC的中央空調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)1引言在PLC被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的三十年里,它經(jīng)過(guò)不斷地發(fā)展,已經(jīng)能結(jié)合模擬I/O,網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信以及采用新的編程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如IEC61131-3。然而,工程師們只需利用數(shù)字I/O和少量的模擬I/O數(shù)以及簡(jiǎn)單的編程技巧就可開(kāi)發(fā)出80%的工業(yè)應(yīng)用。PLC已經(jīng)廣泛的應(yīng)用在所有的工業(yè)部門。據(jù)“美國(guó)市場(chǎng)信息”的世界PLC以及軟件市場(chǎng)報(bào)告稱,1995年全球PLC及其軟件的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模約50億美元[5]。隨著電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,PLC的功能得到大大的增強(qiáng)。由于采用傳統(tǒng)的工具可以解決80%的工業(yè)應(yīng)用,這樣就強(qiáng)烈地需要有低成本簡(jiǎn)單的PLC;從而促進(jìn)了低成本微型PLC的增長(zhǎng),它帶有用梯形邏輯編程的數(shù)字I/O。然而,這也在控制技術(shù)上造成了不連續(xù)性,一方面80%的應(yīng)用需要使用簡(jiǎn)單的低成本控制器,而另一方面其它的20%應(yīng)用則超出了傳統(tǒng)控制系統(tǒng)所能提供的功能。工程師在開(kāi)發(fā)這些20%的應(yīng)用需要有更高的循環(huán)速率,高級(jí)控制算法,更多模擬功能以及能更好地和企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成。在八十和九十年代,那些要開(kāi)發(fā)“20%應(yīng)用”的工程師們已考慮在工業(yè)控制中使用PC。PC所提供的軟件功能可以執(zhí)行高級(jí)任務(wù),提供豐富的圖形化編程和用戶環(huán)境,并且PC的COTS部件使控制工程師能把不斷發(fā)展的技術(shù)用于其它應(yīng)用。這些技術(shù)包括浮點(diǎn)處理器;高速I/O總線,如PCI和以太網(wǎng);固定數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器;圖形化軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具。而且PC還能提供無(wú)比的靈活性,高效的軟件以及高級(jí)的低成本硬件。冰蓄冷中央空調(diào)是將電網(wǎng)夜間谷荷多余電力以冰的冷量形式儲(chǔ)存起來(lái),在白天用電高峰時(shí)將冰融化提供空調(diào)服務(wù)。由于我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)夜間電價(jià)比白天低得多,所以采用冰儲(chǔ)冷中央空調(diào)能大大減少用戶的運(yùn)行費(fèi)用。冰蓄冷中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)配置的設(shè)備比常規(guī)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)要增加一些,自動(dòng)化程度要求較高,但它能自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)在滿足建筑物全天空調(diào)要求的條件下將每天所蓄的能量全部用完,最大限度地節(jié)省運(yùn)行費(fèi)用。具有以下特點(diǎn):(1)可靠性高。PLC的高可靠性得益于軟、硬件上一系列的抗干擾措施和它特殊的周期循環(huán)掃描工作方式。(2)具有豐富的I/O接口模塊。PLC針對(duì)不同的工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信號(hào),有相應(yīng)的I/O模塊與工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的器件或設(shè)備直接連接。另外為了提高操作性能,它還有多種人機(jī)對(duì)話的接口模塊;為了組成工業(yè)局部網(wǎng)絡(luò),它還有多種通訊聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接口模塊。(3)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。為了適應(yīng)各種工業(yè)控制需要,除了單元式的小型PLC以外,絕大多數(shù)PLC均采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。PLC的各個(gè)部件,包括CPU、電源、I/O等均采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì),由機(jī)架及電纜將各模塊連接起來(lái),系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模和功能可根據(jù)用戶的需要自行組合。(4)編程簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)。PLC的編程大多采用類似于繼電器控制線路的梯形圖形式,對(duì)使用者來(lái)說(shuō),不需要具備計(jì)算機(jī)的專門知識(shí),因此很容易被一般工程技術(shù)人員所理解和掌握。(5)安裝簡(jiǎn)單,維修方便。PLC不需要專門的機(jī)房,可以在各種工業(yè)環(huán)境下直接運(yùn)行。各種模塊上均有運(yùn)行和故障指示裝置,便于用戶了解運(yùn)行情況和查找故障。由于采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu),因此一旦某模塊發(fā)生故障,用戶可以通過(guò)更換模塊的方法,使系統(tǒng)迅速恢復(fù)運(yùn)行。2控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)控制系統(tǒng)由下位機(jī)(現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制工作站)與上位機(jī)(中央管理工作站)組成,下位機(jī)采用可編程序控制器(PLC)與觸摸屏,上位機(jī)采用工業(yè)級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)與打印機(jī),系統(tǒng)配置必要的附件如通信設(shè)備接口、網(wǎng)卡、調(diào)制解調(diào)器等,實(shí)現(xiàn)蓄冷系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)化與全自動(dòng)智能化運(yùn)行。下位機(jī)和觸摸屏在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可以進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)控制、參數(shù)設(shè)置和數(shù)據(jù)顯示。上位機(jī)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程管理和打印,它包含下位機(jī)和觸摸屏的所有功能。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)以下位機(jī)的工業(yè)級(jí)可編程序控制器為核心,實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化控制??刂圃O(shè)備與器件包括:傳感檢測(cè)元件、電動(dòng)閥、變頻器等。2.1下位機(jī)系統(tǒng)(區(qū)域工作站)2.1.1TP21觸摸屏采用TP27彩色觸摸屏作為操作面板,完全取代常規(guī)的開(kāi)關(guān)按鈕、指示燈等器件,使控制柜面談得更整潔。并且,TP27觸摸屏在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)狀態(tài)顯示、系統(tǒng)設(shè)置、模式選擇、參數(shù)設(shè)置、故障記錄、負(fù)荷記錄、時(shí)間日期、實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)顯示、負(fù)荷曲線與報(bào)表統(tǒng)計(jì)等功能,中文操作界面直觀友好。2.1.2SIEMENS可編程序控制器SIMATICS7-200系列PLC適用于各行各業(yè)、各種場(chǎng)合中的檢測(cè)、監(jiān)測(cè)及控制的自動(dòng)化,其強(qiáng)大功能使其無(wú)論在獨(dú)立運(yùn)行中,或相連成網(wǎng)絡(luò)皆能實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜控制功能。該產(chǎn)品具有光電隔離,高電磁兼容;具有很高的工業(yè)適用性,允許的環(huán)境溫度達(dá)60℃;具有很強(qiáng)的抗干擾、抗振動(dòng)與抗沖擊性能,因此在嚴(yán)酷的工作環(huán)境中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。自由通訊口方式也是S7-200型PLC的一個(gè)很有特色的功能,它使S7-200型PLC可以與任何通訊協(xié)議公開(kāi)的其它設(shè)備、控制器進(jìn)行通訊,即S7-200型PLC可以由用戶自己定義通訊協(xié)議(例ASCII協(xié)議),波特率為1.5Mbit/s(可調(diào)整)。因此使可通訊的范圍大大增加,使控制系統(tǒng)配置更加靈活、方便。任何具有串行接口的外設(shè),例如:打印機(jī)或條形碼閱讀器、變頻器、調(diào)制解調(diào)器(Modem)、上位PC機(jī)等都可連接使用。用戶可通過(guò)編程來(lái)編制通訊協(xié)議、交換數(shù)據(jù)(例如:ASCII碼字符),具有RS232接口的設(shè)備也可用PC/PPI電纜連接起來(lái)進(jìn)行自由通訊方式通訊。芯片和芯片插座集成電路是把復(fù)雜電路刻蝕到微小的半導(dǎo)體硅芯片上,故常稱做芯片,雙列直插式芯片是用塑料封裝且兩側(cè)帶有間隔為0.1英寸的引腳,這些引腳可以插在焊接電路板上或面包板上,封裝內(nèi)部有很細(xì)的線把這些引腳與芯片連接。1引腳的數(shù)目引腳是用數(shù)字從一個(gè)缺口或一個(gè)圓孔開(kāi)始逆時(shí)針編號(hào)的,如一個(gè)8腳和一個(gè)14腳的芯片的引腳編號(hào),對(duì)所有的尺寸芯片都是這樣編號(hào)的。2芯片插座芯片焊接時(shí)受熱容易壞掉,它們短短的引腳也不能用散熱片保護(hù),我們用新片插座來(lái)保護(hù),嚴(yán)格上應(yīng)該稱為雙列直插插座,可以先把插座焊接到電路板上,再把芯片插入插座。只有當(dāng)需要焊接時(shí)才用芯片插座,用面包板搭電路時(shí)不用插座。實(shí)際產(chǎn)品的電路中通常不用插座而是把芯片直接焊接在電路板上的,因?yàn)閷?shí)際產(chǎn)品是用機(jī)器焊接的,焊接速度很快(不會(huì)損壞芯片)。你不要這樣做,因?yàn)榭赡軙?huì)損壞芯片,而且在調(diào)試時(shí)要移去芯片,而焊住的芯片要取下且不損壞芯片是很難的。3從插座上拔出芯片如果你要取下一個(gè)芯片,你可以用一個(gè)小平口螺絲刀輕輕地把芯片從插座中拔出。仔細(xì)地在兩端把平口螺絲刀插入芯片與插座之間,輕輕地翹起芯片,注意要分別在兩端口起翹,否則會(huì)把引腳弄彎甚至折斷。2.2上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)(中央管理工作站)2.2.1上位機(jī)上位機(jī)即圖文控制中心,主要由PC機(jī)和激光打印機(jī)組成,采用SIMATICWINCC軟件平臺(tái),采用全中文操作界面,人機(jī)對(duì)話友好。管理人員和操作者,可以通過(guò)觀察PC機(jī)所顯示的各種信息來(lái)了解當(dāng)前和以往整個(gè)冰蓄冷自控系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行情況和所有參數(shù),并且通過(guò)鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)行設(shè)備管理和執(zhí)行打印任務(wù)。2.2.2WINCC軟件平臺(tái)WINCC軟件在自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域中可用于所有的操作員控制和監(jiān)控任務(wù)??蓪⑦^(guò)程控制中發(fā)生的事件清楚地顯示出來(lái),可顯示當(dāng)前狀態(tài)并按順序記錄,所記錄的數(shù)據(jù)可以全部顯示或選擇簡(jiǎn)要形式顯示,可連續(xù)或按要求編輯,并可輸出打印報(bào)表和趨勢(shì)圖。WINCC能夠在控制過(guò)程中危急情況的初發(fā)階段進(jìn)行報(bào)告,發(fā)出的信號(hào)既可以在屏幕上顯示出來(lái),也可以用聲音表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。它支持用在線幫助和操作指南來(lái)消除故障。某一WINCC工作站可專門用于過(guò)程控制以使那些重要的過(guò)程信息不被屏蔽。軟件輔助操作策略保證過(guò)程不被非法訪問(wèn),并提供用于工業(yè)環(huán)境中的無(wú)錯(cuò)操作。WINCC是MICRSOFTWINDOWS98或WINDOWSNT4.0操作系統(tǒng)下,在PC機(jī)上運(yùn)行的面向?qū)ο蟮囊涣?2位應(yīng)用軟件,通過(guò)OLE和ODBC視窗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)制,作為理想的通訊伙伴進(jìn)入WINDOWS世界,因此WINCC可容易地結(jié)合到全公司的數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)中。3冰蓄冷系統(tǒng)的控制3.1控制目的、范圍及主要受控設(shè)備蓄冷控制系統(tǒng)控制目的:通過(guò)對(duì)制冷主機(jī)、儲(chǔ)冰裝置、板式熱交換器、系統(tǒng)水泵、冷卻塔、系統(tǒng)管路調(diào)節(jié)閥進(jìn)行控制,調(diào)整儲(chǔ)冰系統(tǒng)各應(yīng)用工況的運(yùn)行模式,在最經(jīng)濟(jì)的情況下給末端提供一穩(wěn)定的供水溫度。同時(shí),提高系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化水平,提高系統(tǒng)的管理效率和降低管理勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度??刂品秶ㄕ麄€(gè)冰蓄冷系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)狀態(tài)顯示、設(shè)備狀態(tài)及控制,主要控制設(shè)備有:雙工況主機(jī)、電動(dòng)閥、冷卻塔、冷卻水泵、蓄冰裝置、初級(jí)乙二醇泵、板式換熱器、次級(jí)乙二醇泵等。3.2控制功能控制功能包括整個(gè)冰蓄冷系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行所需的功能。3.2.1工況轉(zhuǎn)換功能根據(jù)季節(jié)和機(jī)器運(yùn)行情況,自控系統(tǒng)具備以下工況轉(zhuǎn)換功能:a)雙工況主機(jī)制冰同時(shí)供冷模式;b)雙工況主機(jī)單獨(dú)制冰模式;c)主機(jī)與蓄冰裝置聯(lián)合供冷模式;d)融冰單獨(dú)供冷模式;e)主機(jī)單獨(dú)供冷模式。3.2.2工況的啟停、顯示和故障報(bào)警功能控制系統(tǒng)按編排的時(shí)間順序,結(jié)合負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)軟件,控制制冷主機(jī)及外圍設(shè)備的啟停數(shù)量及監(jiān)視各設(shè)備之工作狀況與運(yùn)行參數(shù),如:制冷主機(jī)啟停、狀態(tài)及故障報(bào)警;-制冷主機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù);-制冷主機(jī)缺水保護(hù);-制冷主機(jī)供/回水溫度、壓力遙測(cè)和顯示;-冷凍水泵啟停、狀態(tài)及故障報(bào)警;-乙二醇泵啟停、狀態(tài)及故障報(bào)警;-冷卻水泵啟停、狀態(tài)及故障報(bào)警;-壓差旁通管的壓差測(cè)量與顯示;-冷卻塔風(fēng)機(jī)啟停、狀態(tài)及故障報(bào)警;冷卻塔供/回水溫度控制與顯示;-供/回水溫度、壓差遙測(cè)控制與顯示;-板式換熱器側(cè)進(jìn)出口溫度控制與顯示;-蓄冰裝置進(jìn)、出口溫度遙測(cè)控制與顯示;-冷凍水回水流量控制與顯示;-電動(dòng)閥開(kāi)關(guān)、調(diào)節(jié)與閥位控制與顯示;-室外溫濕度遙測(cè)控制與顯示;-蓄冰量測(cè)量與顯示;-末端冷負(fù)荷控制。3.2.3數(shù)據(jù)的記錄和打印功能控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)一些需要的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整年趨勢(shì)記錄,控制系統(tǒng)可將整年的負(fù)荷情況(包括每天的最大負(fù)荷和全日總負(fù)荷)和設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間以表格和圖表記錄下來(lái),供使用者使用。所有監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)和計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)均能自動(dòng)定時(shí)打印。3.2.4手動(dòng)/自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換功能控制系統(tǒng)配置靈活的手動(dòng)/自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換功能。3.2.5優(yōu)化控制功能根據(jù)室外溫度、天氣預(yù)報(bào)、天氣走勢(shì)、歷史記錄等數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)選擇主機(jī)優(yōu)先或融冰優(yōu)先。在滿足末端負(fù)荷的前提下,每天使用完儲(chǔ)存的冷量,盡量少地運(yùn)行主機(jī)。充分發(fā)揮冰儲(chǔ)冷系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì),節(jié)約運(yùn)行費(fèi)用。3.2.6全自動(dòng)運(yùn)行功能系統(tǒng)可脫離上位機(jī)工作,根據(jù)時(shí)間表自動(dòng)進(jìn)行制冰和控制系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行、工況轉(zhuǎn)換、對(duì)系統(tǒng)故障進(jìn)行自動(dòng)診斷,并向遠(yuǎn)方報(bào)警。觸摸屏顯示系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)、流程、各節(jié)點(diǎn)參數(shù)、運(yùn)行記錄、報(bào)警記錄等。3.2.7節(jié)假日設(shè)定功能系統(tǒng)可根據(jù)時(shí)間表自動(dòng)運(yùn)行,同時(shí)也可預(yù)先設(shè)置節(jié)假日,控制儲(chǔ)冰量和儲(chǔ)冰時(shí)間,使系統(tǒng)在節(jié)假日時(shí)對(duì)不需要供應(yīng)空調(diào)的場(chǎng)所停止供冷。3.2.8下位機(jī)操作功能下位機(jī)彩色觸摸屏操作界面見(jiàn)圖1.下位機(jī)操作功能如下:a)人機(jī)對(duì)話。操作人員可通過(guò)觸摸面板進(jìn)行人機(jī)對(duì)話,操作界面完全中文化,具有提示、幫助、參數(shù)設(shè)置、密匙設(shè)置、故障查詢、歷史記錄等功能。b)系統(tǒng)設(shè)置。包括操作口令設(shè)置、運(yùn)行設(shè)置、運(yùn)行時(shí)間表設(shè)置、記錄溢出處理、自動(dòng)/手動(dòng)/測(cè)試選擇、節(jié)假日設(shè)置、系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)置(包括各節(jié)點(diǎn)溫度、壓力,各介質(zhì)的流量,儲(chǔ)冰量,制冰速率,融冰速率,閥門開(kāi)度,末端負(fù)荷等)c)故障記錄、運(yùn)行記錄、歷史記錄等。3.3遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控控制系統(tǒng)通過(guò)電話線或?qū)拵ЬW(wǎng),與專家系統(tǒng)連接,對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行運(yùn)行監(jiān)控、參數(shù)修改、數(shù)據(jù)采集等,使系統(tǒng)不斷完善和軟件版本升級(jí),讓用戶得到更好的服務(wù)。遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的目的是用戶可以通過(guò)PSTN(公共交換傳輸網(wǎng))對(duì)冷凍站進(jìn)行異地遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。同時(shí)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)試、遠(yuǎn)程適時(shí)監(jiān)控和在線維護(hù)等,從而大大減輕工程人員的工作強(qiáng)度,降低工程成本。3.4系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展控制控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)界面友好,PLC和觸摸屏均可擴(kuò)展,內(nèi)容可擴(kuò)展、參數(shù)也可修改,通過(guò)485通訊接口或通信協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)BAS與冰儲(chǔ)冷自控系統(tǒng)一體化,節(jié)約投資、方便管理。系統(tǒng)集中控制,減少了動(dòng)力柜占地面積,又使動(dòng)力柜型號(hào)統(tǒng)一、式樣相同、大小一致。系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展控制如下:a)污水泵自動(dòng)控制;b)風(fēng)、排風(fēng)控制;c)活水泵穩(wěn)壓控制;d)防水泵定時(shí)運(yùn)行、檢測(cè)、報(bào)警;e)淋水泵穩(wěn)壓控制;f)筑物夜間輪廓照明自動(dòng)控制;g)低配計(jì)量、開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)檢測(cè)、報(bào)警。4結(jié)語(yǔ)通過(guò)PLC在冰蓄冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的推廣運(yùn)用,驗(yàn)證了PLC系統(tǒng)的可靠性特點(diǎn),保證了系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行和有效節(jié)能,同時(shí)也為樓宇設(shè)備控制系統(tǒng)的控制器選型提供了新的思路。相信在不久的將來(lái),越來(lái)越多的PLC系統(tǒng)在冰蓄冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)用中日趨成熟,在樓宇設(shè)備控制系統(tǒng)中也將會(huì)大顯身手。PLCinthecentralair-conditioningsystemofcontrol1IntroductionInPLCin30yearswhichdeveloped,itpassesthroughdevelopsunceasingly,alreadycouldunifysimulatesI/O,thenetworkcorrespondsaswellasusesnewprogrammingstandardlikeIEC61131-3.However,engineersonlymustusedigitalI/OandfewsimulationsI/Onumberaswellassimpleprogrammingskillonpotential80%industrialapplication.PLChasbeenwidelyusedinallindustrialsectors.Accordingto"TheUnitedStatesmarketinformation"WorldPLCandsoftwaremarketreport,in1995theglobalsoftwarePLCanditseconomiesofscaleofabout5billionUSdollars[5].Aselectronictechnologyandthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology.Becauseusestraditionalthetooltobepossibletosolve80%industrialapplication,likethisintenselyneedstohavelowcostsimplePLC;ThuspromotedthelowcostminiaturePLCgrowth,ithastheusefultrapezoidallogicalprogrammingdigitalI/O.However,thishasalsocreatedthediscontinuityinthecontroltechnology,ontheonehand80%applicationneedtousethesimplelowcostcontroller,butontheotherhandother20%applicationthenhavesurpassedthefunctionwhichthetraditioncontrolsystemcanprovide.Engineerisdevelopingthese20%applicationtoneedtohavethehighercirculationspeed,theseniorcontrolalgorithm,themoresimulationsfunctionaswellascanwellandtheenterprisenetworkintegration.In80andthe90's,thesemustdevelop"20%application"engineershadconsideredusesPCintheindustrycontrol.PCprovidesthesoftwarefunctionmaycarryouttheseniortask,providestherichprogrammingandtheuserenvironment,andthePCCOTSpartenablescontrolengineerthetechnologywhichdevelopsunceasinglytouseinotherapplications.Thesetechnologiesincludingfloatingpointprocessor;HighspeedI/Omainline,likePCIandinternet;Fixeddatamemory;softwaredevelopmentkit.MoreoverPCalsocanprovidetheincomparableflexibility,highlyeffectivesoftwareaswellasseniorlowcosthardware.Icethermalstorageairconditioningisthecentralpowergridcouldberedundant-nighticeelectricityintheformofcoldstorage,inthedaytimepeakhoursofelectricitytoprovideair-conditioningservicesmeltingice.Asmostpartsofourcountryatnightthanduringthedaymuchlowerprice,usingicecoldstoragecentralair-conditioningcangreatlyreduceuseroperatingcosts.Icestoragecentralair-conditioningsystemconfigurationofequipmentthanconventionalairconditioningsystemtoincreasesome,requireahigherdegreeofautomation,butitautomaticallytomeettherequirementsoftheair-conditionedbuildingsalldayeverydayundertheconditionsoftheenergyhehasexhaustedall,thebiggestlimitstosaveoperatingcosts.ThePLCfunctionsaregreatlyenhanced,withthefollowingcharacteristics:(1)highreliability.PLCbenefitedfromthehigh-reliabilityhardwareandsoftwareonaseriesofanti-jammingmeasuresandthecycleofitsspecialscanningmethodsofwork.(2)withrichI/Ointerfacemodule.PLCfordifferentindustrialfieldsignalandthecorrespondingI/Omodulesandindustrialdevicesorequipmentatthesceneofadirectconnection.Inadditiontoimprovingperformance,italsohasavarietyofman-machinedialogueinterfacemodulestotheindustrialcompositionoflocalareanetworks,italsomultiplecommunicationsnetworkinterfacemodule.(3)modularstructure.Tomeettheneedsofvariousindustrialcontrol,inadditiontoasmallPLCunit,thevastmajorityofPLCaremodularstructure.PLCvariouscomponents,includingtheCPU,powersupply,I/O,etc.ismodularindesignfromtherackandcableswillconnecteachmodule,thesystem'ssizeandfunctioninaccordancewiththeneedsofusersofitsownportfolio.(4)easytolearnprogramming.MostofthePLCprogrammingrelaycontrolcircuitsimilartotheladderdiagramform,theuser,donothavecomputerexpertise,itiseasytogeneralengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelunderstandandmaster.(5)Installationissimpleandeasymaintenance.PLCdoesnotrequirespecializedequipmentroominavarietyofindustrialenvironmentscanbedirectlyrun.Variousmodulesarerunandfaultindicationdevices,user-friendlyunderstandingoftheoperationandfindfault.Themodularstructure,soanyfailureofamodule,userscanreplacethemodule,allowingthesystemtorapidlyresumeoperation.Second,thecharacteristicsandApplicationofindustrialPC2controlsystemThecontrolsystemconsistsofthecrew(FloorControlWorkstation)andPC(centralmanagementworkstation),withthecrewusingprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC)withthetouchscreen,PCusingindustrial-gradecomputersandprinters,systemconfigurationnecessaryiftheannexcommunicationsequipmentinterfaces,networkinterfacecards,modemsandsoon,toachievetheparametersofthestoragesystemandintelligentautomaticoperation.Underthecrewatthesceneandtouch-screensystemscancontrol,parametersettingsanddata.PCremotemanagementandprint,itcontainsthecrewandallofthefeaturestouchscreen.Followingthesystemasawholecrewofindustrialprogrammablelogiccontrollerasthecore,toachieveautomaticcontrol.Controlequipmentanddevicesincluding:detectionsensorcomponents,electricvalves,converter,etc..Underthe2.1-Systems(Regionalworkstations)2.1.1TP21touchscreenTP27usedasacolortouch-screenoperatorpanel,completelyreplaceconventionalbutton,lightsdevice,thecontrolcabinetinterviewedmoretidy.Moreover,TP27touchscreenatthesceneshowedthatthestatecanberealized,systemsettings,modeselection,parametersetting,faultrecording,recordload,time-of-day,real-timedata,loadcurveandreportingstatistics,andotherfunctions,Chineseintuitiveandfriendlyuserinterface.2.1.2SIEMENSPLCSIMATICS7-200SeriesPLCappliedtoallwalksoflife,allkindsofoccasionsinthedetection,monitoringandcontrolautomation,itspowerfulfeaturestobothoperateindependently,orlinkedtoanetworkabletoachievecomplexcontrolfunctions.Theproductfeaturesphotoelectricisolation,andhighelectromagneticcompatibility;highindustrialapplicability,allowingtheambienttemperatureof60℃;hasastronganti-jammingandanti-vibrationandimpactresistance,intheharshenvironmentoftheworkhasbeenwidelyapplications.IalsomeansfreedomofcommunicationsS7-200PLC,averyuniquefeatures,itmakesS7-200PLCwithanycommunicationprotocolcanopenotherequipment,communicationscontroller,orPLCS7-200canbedefinedbytheusersthemselvescommunicationsprotocols(forexampleASCIIprotocol),baudrateof1.5Mbit/s(adjustable).Thusthescopeofthecommunicationscanbegreatlyincreased,thecontrolsystemconfigurationmoreflexibleandconvenient.Anyserialinterfacewithperipherals,suchas:printerorbarcodereaders,thedrive,amodem(Modem),theupperPCcanbeconnectedtothemachine.Userscanprogramtodevelopcommunicationprotocoltoexchangedata(suchas:ASCIIcharactercode),RS232interfacewiththeequipmentavailablePC/PPIfreecablelinkingcommunicationscommunication.ChipandChipHoldersIntegratedCircuitsareusuallycalledICSorchips.Theyarecomplexcircuits,whichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofmicroconductor(silicon).Thechipispackagedinaplasticholderwithpinsspacedona0.1(2.54mm)grid,whichwillfittheholesontripboard.Veryfinewiresinsidethepackagelinkthechiptothepins.PinnumbersThepinsarenumberedanti-clockwisearoundtheIC(chip)startingnearthenotchordot.Itshowsthenumberingfor8-pinand14-pinICS,buttheprincipleisthesameforallsizes.Chipholders(DILsockets)ICS(chip)areeasilydamagededbyheatwhensolderingandtheirshortpinscannotbeprotectedwithaheatsink.Insteadweuseachipholder,strictlycalledaDILsocket(DIL=DualIn-Line),whichcanbesafelysolderedontothecircuitboard.Thechipispushedintotheholderwhenallsoldingiscomplete.Chipholdersareonlyneddedwhensoldingsotheyarenotusedonbreadboards.Commerciallyproducedcircuitboardsoftenhavechipssoldereddirectlytotheboardwithoutachipholder,usuallythisisdonebyamachinewhichisabletoworkveryquickly.Pleasedonotattempttodothisyourselfbecauseyouarelikelytodestroythechipanditwillbedifferenttoremovewithoutdamagebyde-soldering.RemovingachipfromitsholderIfyouneedtoremoveachipitcanbegentlyprizedoutoftheholderwithasmallflat-bladescrewdriver.Carefullyleverupeachendbyinsertingthescrewdriverbladebetweenthechipanditsholderandgentlytwistingthescrewdrive.Takecaretostartliftingatbothendsbeforeyouattempttoremovethechip,otherwiseyouwillbendandpossiblybreakthepins.5)BipolarIntegratedCircuitsMOSIntegratedCircuitsHistorically,bipolarIntegratedCircuitsusedtobemuchmorepopularthanMOSIntegratedCircuits,particularlyforsmall-sacelogicCircuits.Thereweretwomajorreasonsforthis:first,bipolar-junctiontransistorsoriginallycouldbemanufacturedmorereliablythanMOStransistors,andsecond,theywerefaster,AsthereliabilityofMOStransistorsimproved,andasintegratedCircuitsbecamemorecomplex,whichmadethelowerpowerandsmallsizeofMOSlogicmoreimportant,thepopularityofBJTlogicdecreased,however,BJTtechnologyisstillpopularforthehighestfrequencylogiccircuits.WhenthePCoffline,underthecontrolofthenextcrew,theentiresystemcanoperatenormally.PCSystem2.2(centralmanagementworkstation)PC2.2.1PCthatisbycontrolcentre,mainlybythePCandlaserprintercomponents,SIMATICWINCCsoftwareplatformusedbytheentireChineseuserinterface,friendlyman-machinedialogue.Managementandoperation,canbeobservedbyPC-displayallkindsofinformationtounderstandthecurrentandpreviouscontrolledtheentireicestoragesystemandtheoperationofallparameters,andequipmentthroughthemouseprintmanagementandtheimplementationoftasks.2.2.2WINCCsoftwareplatformWINCCsoftwareinthefieldofautomationcanbeusedforalloperatorcontrolandmonitoringtasks.Processcontrolcanbeintheeventsclearlyshow,canshowthatthecurrentstaterecordsinaccordancewiththeorder,alltherecordeddatacanbedisplayedorselectsummaryform,ormayberequiredforediting,andoutputprintstatementsandtrends.WINCCabletocontroltheprocessofthecriticalearlystagesofthereport,andthesignalcanbedisplayedonthescreen,andcanalsousevoicedemonstrated.Itsupporttheuseofon-linehelpandoperationalguidelinestoeliminatefault.WINCCaspecializedworkstationscanbeusedtocontroltheprocesssothattheimportantprocessinformationisnotshielded.-Aidedsoftwarestrategyassuranceprocessisnotillegalaccess,andprovidefortheindustrialenvironmentnowrongintheoperation.WINCCisMICRSOFTWINDOWS98orWINDOWSNT4.0operatingsystem,runningonaPCobject-orientedclass32applications,throughWindowsOLEandODBCstandardmechanism,asanidealcommunicationspartnerstoenterWINDOWSworld,andthereforecanbeeasilyWINCCtointegrateacompany-widedataprocessingsystem.3icestoragesystemcontrol3.1controlobjectives,scopeandmainlycontrolledequipmentStorageControlSystemcontrolpurposes:Throughtherefrigerationhost,icestoragedevices,plateheatexchanger,thesystempumps,coolingtowers,pipingsystemregulatingvalvecontrol,icestoragesystemadjustmentofthestatusoftheoperationmode,inthemosteconomicalcircumstancestotheterminaltoprovideastablewatersupplytemperature.Atthesametime,improvethelevelofautomation,improvethemanagementefficiencyandreducelaborintensitymanagement.Controloftheicestoragesystem,includingtheentirestateoftheparameters,equipmentstatusandcontrol,themaincontrolequipment:duplexstatusconsole,electricvalves,coolingtowers,coolingwaterpumps,icestoragedevices,theprimaryglycolpump,plateheatexchanger,sub-glycolpumps.3.2controlControlfunctionsincludetheicestoragesystemstability,andeconomicoperationoftherequiredfunctions.3.2.1statusoftheconversionfunctionDependingontheseasonandmachineryoperation,automaticcontrolsystemwiththefollowingconditionsconversionfunctions:A)duplexhosticeconditionsatthesametimecoolingmode;b)duplexstatusofaseparateice-makingmainframemodel;c)ice-storagedevicesandhostjointcoolingmode;d)ofice-meltingseparatecoolingmode;e)fortheconsolealoneColdmodel.3.2.2Thestatusofthestart-upandshutdown,displayandalarmfunctionsFaultControlsystemaccordingtothechronologicallayoutwithloadforecastingsoftware,mainframeandexternalcontrolrefrigerationequipmentstart-upandshutdownofthesurveillanceequipmentandthenumberofworkingconditionsandoperatingparameters,suchas:--Commitmentrefrigerationconsole,statusandfaultalarm-refrigerationmainframeoperatingparameters-theprotectionofwatercoolinghost-hostforrefrigeration/returnwatertemperature,pressuretelemetryanddisplay;-Commitmentchilledwaterpumps,statusandfaultalarm--glycolpumpstart-upandshutdown,statusandfaultalarm-start-upandshutdowncoolingpumps,statusandfaultalarm-bypasspipepressuremeasurementanddisplayofpressure-thecoolingtowerfanCommitment,statusandfaultalarm;--Forthecoolingtower/backwatertemperaturecontrolanddisplay;-for/returnwatertemperature,pressuretelemetrycontrolanddisplay-theimportandexportsideofplateheatexchangertemperaturecontrolanddisplay;-icestoragedevicesimportandexportcontrolandtelemetrytemperaturedisplay;-chilledwaterbackwaterflowcontrolanddisplay;-electricvalveswitchvalvepositionadjustmentandcontrolanddisplay;-outdoortemperatureandhumiditycontrolandtelemetryshowed-icestorageanddisplayofmeasurement-theendofcoldloadcontrol.3.2.3DatarecordingandprintingfunctionsControlsystemforthemonitoringoftheneedsofthetrendspointtotheentirerecord,thecontrolsystemcanbetheloadthroughouttheyear(includingthemaximumdailyloadandtheloadthroughouttheday)andequipmentuptimeastablesandchartsrecordforusers.Allmonitoringpointsandthecalculateddatacanbeautomaticallyprintregularly.3.2.4manual/automaticconversionfunctionFlexiblecontrolsystemconfigurationmanual/automaticconversionfunction.3.2.5optimizedcontrolfunctionAccordingtooutdoortemperature,weather,weathertrends,thehistoricalrecord,suchasmainframedataautomaticallyselectthepriorityorice-meltingpriority.IntheendloadtomeetunderthepremiseofthedailyuseofthecoldstorageEnd,asfaraspossibletorunmainframe.Givefullplaytoicecoldstoragesystemadvantages,savingoperatingcosts.3.2.6automaticfunctionalityFromthePCsystemcanwork,inaccordancewithtimetablefortheautomaticice-makingandcontrolsystemoperation,theconversionstatusofthesystemforautomaticfaultdiagnosis,andremotealarm.Touchscreendisplaysystemsoperations,processes,eachnodeparametersandoperatingrecords,thepolicerecords.3.2.7holidaysfunctionsetAccordingtothetimetablesystemcanberunautomatically,butalsotopre-setholidays,andicecontrolcertificatesandcertificatesoficetime,thesystemdoesnotrequiretheholidayswhenthesupplyofcoolingair-conditionedplacestostop.3.2.8operatingunderthecrewfunctionLower-colortouch-screenoperatorinterfaceFigure1.Underthecrewoperatingfunctionsareasfollows:A)human-computerdialogue.Operationcanbecarriedoutthroughthetouchpanelinteractive,userinterfacecompletelyintheculture,withtips,help,parametersettings,keysettings,fault
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