用高考詞義猜測題

猜測詞義Guessingmeanings詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…〞r(shí)efersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…〞ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…〞standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…〞means______.......

Lead-in(導(dǎo)入)1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast比照法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語〔從句〕或同位語〔從句〕來確定詞義。常見提示詞有：thatis(tosay),i.e.,inotherwords…或是后面括號(hào)內(nèi)進(jìn)行解釋。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)2.Contrast比照法：利用文中的反義詞以及表比照關(guān)系的詞〔組〕猜測詞義。表示比照的詞有but、while、however、otherwise等。3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

大的)5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有:forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭〔前綴〕和詞尾〔后綴〕所組成。詞根是單詞最根本的局部，表達(dá)單詞的根本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的根本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-〔極微小的〕re-〔再，反復(fù)〕mis-〔誤，惡〕im-〔不〕un-〔不，非〕in-〔不，非〕non-〔不，非〕-able〔能…的〕-less〔不，無〕-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)

reconstructioneastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波〔爐〕)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯(cuò)音)(向東)

Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.

micro+bus微型公共汽車1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

貓頭鷹)3〕Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apewhichisclimbingasmallhillatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)8.Commonsense普通常識(shí)：根據(jù)普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測詞義。在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將其推測出來。比方了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜測詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)Practice：

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

CB3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱C4.Mrs.Smithisloquacious

whileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.愛笑的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的C5.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,〞“MyMomissmarterthanyours.〞and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.〞Theword“boasting〞means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚BPassage1Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace〞means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious〞probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage3Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize〞means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage4Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.Theunderlinedword“astounded〞means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD同學(xué)們在做詞義猜測題時(shí)注意不要脫離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時(shí)，必須仔細(xì)地研讀劃線局部的上下文，有時(shí)閱讀的視線還要擴(kuò)大一些。如果離開特定的語言環(huán)境來理解生詞意義，必然會(huì)理解錯(cuò)誤。注意：1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast比照法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7.Context上下文SummaryPractice

2023全國卷EIhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.73.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish〞inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryon【語篇解讀】:本文是夾敘夾議的文章。作者乘坐火車做長途跋涉。看到窗外陌生鄉(xiāng)村的村民對列車上的乘客投以微笑，這微笑給她帶來了快樂，并由此改變了作者多生活的態(tài)度。2023山東卷BAsksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.2023山東卷BHowever,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption〞r(shí)eferto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.【語篇解讀】:人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到廢物回收利用的重要性，但家庭對過量購物、物品過多包裝等都對環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞，因此，真正的回收利用任重道遠(yuǎn)。2023天津卷AAsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport-stylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.40.Inthelastpart,a“workingroyalpalace〞r(shí)eferstoone___.A.stillbeingconstructedB.stillusedbytheroyalfamilyC.wheretheQueenusuallyworksD.whereworksofartareonshow【語篇解讀】:本文是英國溫莎城堡的旅游指南---涉及溫莎城堡的簡介，為盲人準(zhǔn)備的悠揚(yáng)聲音之旅，導(dǎo)游效勞，為帶孩子的游客提供的便捷效勞，購物，餐飲和城堡內(nèi)攝像，平安等本卷須知。2023天津卷BThinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).42.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan________.A.describelifeinanexcitingwayB.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplayC.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinterestingD.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents【語篇解讀】:本文從世界各國的小孩子的孩提游戲講到運(yùn)動(dòng)及奧運(yùn)的民族精神。孩提游戲不僅使孩子娛樂，而且使他們學(xué)會(huì)終生受用的等候和團(tuán)隊(duì)配合。奧運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以增加民族自豪感和愛國情懷，增強(qiáng)民族凝聚力。2023北京卷DTheCostofHigherEducationIndividuals(個(gè)人)shouldpayfortheirhighereducation.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.Meanwhile,socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree.However,onlysomepeoplehaveit.Sotheindividual,notthetaxpayers,shouldpayforit.

2023北京卷DTherearepressingcallsontheresources(資源)ofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayers'moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.68.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto?A.taxpayersB.pressingcallsC.collegegraduatesD.governmentresources

【語篇解讀】:本文為議論文。作者圍繞著個(gè)人應(yīng)給為取得高學(xué)歷付學(xué)費(fèi)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)展開辯論?！揪湟狻?有關(guān)政府資源方面有很多緊迫的呼聲，而使用納稅人的錢來幫組一小局部人在將來獲得高收入并不在這些呼聲中。2023廣東Bwhensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,"Well,it'sso-and-so'sfault."or"IknowI'mlate,butit'snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown."Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.2023廣東BYouhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner'skeytosuccess.47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider【句意】:成功者的秘訣在于不是把注意力集中在誰該受到責(zé)備而是集中在怎樣改善糟糕的境況。2023江蘇卷ASomefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.59.Theunderlinedword“descendants〞inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s_____A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors【語篇解讀】:本文為說明文，主要介紹了人的姓名的起源以及所包含的意義。2023浙江AThoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.3.Theunderlinedword“rainbow〞inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.therainbowintheskyB.thestripesonthepavementC.somethingimaginativeandfunD.importantlessonslearnedinchildhood【語篇解讀】:本文為一篇生活故事。作者小時(shí)候在好朋友家的地下室發(fā)現(xiàn)一些油漆，淘氣的他與朋友在人行道上刷出一道道彩虹，母親回家時(shí)看見我們的杰作，發(fā)脾氣了，并和我一起將門前公路上的這些彩虹沖洗掉了。從此我有一個(gè)心愿，希望我能找到屬于自己的彩虹，讓它照亮我們的生活，給我們五彩的希望與夢想。2023安徽B….ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightline.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.Mostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospace.61.Theword“shoot〞underlinedinthe2ndpassageprobablymeans“__________〞.A.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.growquickly【語篇解讀】:本文為科普文，作者向我們解釋了兩種自然現(xiàn)象：1.飛機(jī)向西飛行比向東飛行時(shí)間長的原因。2.如果地球引力突然消失將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2023遼寧BIhateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal【語篇解讀】:本文是介紹海外風(fēng)情的文章。作者比較英國倫敦與美國紐約