【自考復(fù)習(xí)資料】10100英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀（考前復(fù)習(xí)資料）

考點(diǎn)一：TheCanterburyTales參考A:1~3:springrain4:springflower5:springwind6~7:springgrass8~9:springsun10~~18:thecelebrationofspring(10~13:birds’singing;14~18:people’spilgrimages)參考B:Structurebeauty:The18linesformacoherentwholewhichisasentencethatcomposesoftwoadverbialclausesoftime(line1~11)andamainclause(12~18),expressingtheessentialideaofthewholework.考點(diǎn)二：Whyisspringcomparedtoaking?(4’)1.Asthefirstseasonofayear,springisaspowerfulasthekingbecauseitgiveslifetoeverything.2.Theuseofthe“king”canrimewith“spring”and“sing”.考點(diǎn)三：What’stheeffectofrepeating“comelivewithmeandbemylove”?1.Forthespeaker’spart,hecanstrengthenhispassiontohislove,hesoundsmoreconfidentthaneverandthepleabecomesmorepersuasivewitheachrepetition.2.Forthelistener’spart,wecanunderstandspeaker’intentionmuchmoreclearly.Thelistenerwillfeelthatshepherd’sloveisstrongandsincerely.3.Itmakestheendingmatchupwiththebeginningsoastomakethepoemacompletewhole.考點(diǎn)四：What’stheeffectofrepeatingthecallsofthebirdsineachstanza?1.Agoodpoemisusuallylikeabeautifulsong,thecallsofthebirdsarepleasingtotheear.Therepeatedsongscangivepeoplepleasureandmakethispoemhaveabeautifulrhyme.2.Therepetitionofthislinemakethreestanzasfromaunitedwhole.3.Thesweatsongsofthebirdsdescribetheirhappinessinspringandexpresstheirloveofspring.Theirsongscanalsocreateahappyandpeacefulatmosphereforpeopletoenjoyspring.4.Toemphasizethecomingofspring.考點(diǎn)五：Comparethesetwopoem:1.Ononehand,theysharethesamestructure,meter,rhymepatternandsubjectmatters.Theywerewritteniniambicpentameterwithsixquatrains,eachrhymingaabb.Bothpoemsareaboutloveandnature.2.Ontheotherhand,theyhaveobviousdifferences.Marlowewasyoung,heidealizednatureandlove.Sohispoemwasromanticandimaginative.ButRaleighwasold,andhisattitudewasjaded.HeshowstherealityoflifeandpresentsandoppositeandnegativeviewtowardsloveandnaturedescribedinMarlowe’spoem.

考點(diǎn)六：（可能會(huì)考選擇題）Script(劇本):thewrittenworkfromwhichadramaisproduced;containsstagedirectionsanddialogue.Stagedirections（舞臺(tái)說(shuō)明）:notesprovidedbytheplaywrighttodescribehowsomethingshouldbeperformedonstage.Stagedirectionsoftendescribeelementsofthespectacle:lighting,music,soundeffects,costumes,properties,andsetdesigns.Soliloquy（獨(dú)白）:alongspeechgivenbyacharacterwhilealoneonstagetorevealhisorherprivatethoughtsorintentions.Aside（旁白）:astatementintendedtobeheardbytheaudienceorbyasingleothercharacterbutnotbyalltheothercharactersonstage.Act(幕):amajordivisionofadrama.Scene(場(chǎng)景)：adivisionofanact;itbeginswiththeentranceofoneormorecharactersandendswiththeexitofoneormorecharacters.考點(diǎn)七：WhyJulietisasunnotabeautifulflower?1.ThereisonlyonesunintheworldandJulietistheonlywomanRomeoloves.2.Julietismorebeautifulandwarmthanthemoonandthestars,soJulietisthesun.考點(diǎn)八：WhatwecanlearnfromRomeoandJuliet?1.Weshouldbelievetruelove.2.bebravetopursuertrueloveandhappiness.3.befirmtoyourlove.4.themoreIgivetoyou,themoreIhave.考點(diǎn)九：ProblemstroublingHamlet:Hamlet’sendurancehasreachedthebreakingpoint.1.Hisfatherhasbeenmurderedbyhisuncle.2.Hismother,whohelovesdearly,ismarriedtohisunclerightafterhisfather’sdeath.3.ThenhisformerfriendsRosencrantzandGuildensternaredispatchedbyclaudiustospyonhim.4.Moreover,hissweetheart,Ophelia,issentasatooltofindoutwhetherornotheisreallymad.Thisissomethinghecannolongerendure.5.Oneincidentafteranotherseemstorevealtohimthatthetimeis“outofjoint”,andmanisnotsogoodashehadimagined.6.Now,he’sallalone.Theworldthatheknewisshattered.Hisblackmoodofdespairisdeepenedbyhisinabilitytoact---todosomethingtochangethesituation.Nowheponderswhethertocontinuelivingortotakehisownlife.考點(diǎn)十：對(duì)tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion的理解。Tolive,ortodie,thatisaquestion.或者Totakeactionortodonothingbutsuffering.考點(diǎn)十一：與哈姆雷特有關(guān)的Importance:ItrevealsHamlet’sinnercontradictionaboutlifeanddeathaswellasthepoet’scommentsonthesocialrealityofhistime.考點(diǎn)十二：WhyisitagreatplayofShakespeare?(威尼斯商人)1.Theplotisingeniouslydeveloped.Shakespearebuilthisplayonadoubleplot.2.Theplaywaswritteninbeautifulpoeticlanguage.3.Shakespearecreatedmanyvividcharactersinthisplay.考點(diǎn)十三：ThewinningofaBridebychoosingtherightcasket.(選寶箱)Thegoldone:whochoosemeshouldgainwhatmanymendesire.Thesilverone:whochoosemeshouldgetasmuchashedeservers.Theleadone:whochoosememustgiveandhazardallhehas.考點(diǎn)十四：“asstifftwincompassesaretwo”中的“compasses”:husbandandwifeareasfirmasthelegsofcompasses.考點(diǎn)十五：劃押韻的韻腳。（有可能考韻法，如：abbaabbaacdecde/cdccdc（TheItaliansonnet）,ababcdcdefefgg(TheItaliansonnet),abba,aaabcccddddba等）考點(diǎn)十六：分析詩(shī)歌的三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（一首好詩(shī)）讀之可以愉目whenyoulookatit,itispleasingtotheeye形美吟之可以愉耳whenyoureadit,itispleasingtotheear音美味之可以愉心whenyoureadit,itispleasingtotheheart意美PartITheMiddleAgeChapter1theAnglo-Saxonperiod(449-1066)1.Beowulf（貝奧武甫）:England’snationalepic.（第一部民族史詩(shī)）2.artisticfeature:①u(mài)singalliteration②usingmetaphorandunderstatementChapter3GeoffreyChaucer(ca1343-1400)1.GeoffreyChauceristhefatherofEnglishpoetryandoneofthemostgreatestnarrative（敘事）poetsofEngland.2.首創(chuàng)雙韻體.tonico-syllabicverse.運(yùn)用Londondialect.3.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.4.代表作：TheCanterburyTales-----Inthisbook,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.InthispoemChaucer’srealism,trenchantironyandfreedomofviewsreachedsuchahighlevelofpowerthatithadnoequalinalltheEnglishliteratureuptothe16thcentury.ButChaucerwasnotentirelydevoidofmedievalprejudices.[喬叟為他那個(gè)時(shí)代和國(guó)家勾勒出一幅生機(jī)勃勃而又充滿(mǎn)詩(shī)情畫(huà)意的社會(huì)百態(tài)圖。在他的這部現(xiàn)實(shí)主義詩(shī)歌中，他將自己的諷刺藝術(shù)和寬廣視野展現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致，使該作品在16世紀(jì)前的英國(guó)獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。但是沒(méi)能脫離中世紀(jì)的偏見(jiàn)。PartIITheRenaissance（文藝復(fù)興）1.時(shí)期：duringthe16thcentury（1550---1642）2.國(guó)家：GreekandRoman.AlsoEnglandindrama.3.定義：ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicalartsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.4.類(lèi)型：dramaandcanto（詩(shī)章）.5.keywork:①humanism---admirehumanbeautyandhumanachievement.②ThomasMore---Utopiain1516.③FrancisBacon---thegreatEnglishscientistandphilosopher.④ChristopherMarlowe---thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama⑤EdmundSpenser(埃德蒙·斯賓塞)----TheFaerieQueene（仙后）Chapter5WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)1.HeisthegreatestofEnglishauthors,theworld’spre-eminentdramatist.2.Oneofthefirstfoundersofrealism.3.Amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations.4.四大悲劇:①Hamlet②Othello③KingLear④TheTragedyofMacbeth.5.創(chuàng)作階段:①comedy:1590-1600②tragedy:1601-1608③tragicomedies:1609-161222年寫(xiě)了37plays,2narrativepoems,154sonnets.6.Hamlet:ItistheprofoundestexpressionofShakespeare’shumanismandcriticismofcontemporaryworld.ThecharacterofHamlet.1.Ahumanist,freefromprejudicesandsuperstitions.Lovingtheworldinsteadoftheheaven.2.Treatpeoplewithlove.Disgustedwithuncle’sdrunkenness.Shockedbymother’sshallowness.3.Intellectualgenius.Closeobserver.“Denmarkisaprison”.4.ThemelancholyofHamlet—thekeynoteofHamlet’scharacter.Heistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger.ContrastisanimportantstructuralprincipleinHamlet.Shakespeare’splaysaregenerallywell-organized,withharmonyandorderdisbalancedatthebeginning,socialconflictssharpenedinthemiddleandharmonyandorderrestoredattheend.Themes:Hypocrisy,treacheryoftheroyalcourtandofthesocietyasawhole.Revengetheme(Justicebyviolence)Lackoffaithv.loveThedoomofambitionThetragedyofHamlet:Anindividualv.mightyevilforceofthewholesociety7.ThemerchantofVeniceisnottragedy.8.sonnet18ShallIcomparethee(你)toasummer’sday?①1-4起，5-8承，9-12轉(zhuǎn)，13-14合.②simile,rhetoricquestion,alliteration,personification,couplet(對(duì)偶).③Themessageisthatinthisworldnobeauty(inNature)canstayexceptpoetryorart;andyourbeautycanonlylastifIwriteitdowninmypoetry.Alsonoticetheloveplay.Apparentlythepoetisaddressingamanofhisheart,thewooingsoundsmorelikeagameplaythananythingrealandsincere.Thelovehereistooconditionaltobegenuine.④Structure:Proposal(line1-2)Argument(line3-12)Conclusion(line13-14)Chapter6FrancisBacon---essayist1.Bacon’sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses.ThemostimportantaretheEssays.①thephilosophical---theadvancementoflearning②theliterary---essays③theprofessionalworks---maximsofthelawandreadingonthestatuteofuses.2.TheessaysofBaconaresohighlyesteemed.3.”GreatPlace”istheBacon’sworldly—wisephilosophy.4.OfStudies’mainidea:①thetextisthatof1;.652editions.②usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.5.writingstyle:brevity,compactness,powerfulness,well-arranged.PartIIITheperiodofRevolutionandRestoration（資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命與王政復(fù)辟）1.The17thcenturywasoneofthemosttempestuous(動(dòng)蕩)periodsinEngland.2.文學(xué)特點(diǎn)：①ThePuritanAgewasoneofconfusion,duetobreakingupofoldideas.②Intheabsenceofanyfixedstandardofliterarycriticismtherewasnothingtopreventtheexaggerationofthe“metaphysical”poets(玄學(xué)派)。Poetrytooknewandstartlingform.Afterthatprosebecamesomber(憂(yōu)郁).JohnMilton---theindomitablePuritanspiritfounditsnoblestexpression.(約翰·彌爾頓充分體現(xiàn)了清教徒不屈不撓的精神)③Restoration(王政復(fù)辟)createdaliteratureofitsown,whichwasoftenwitty(機(jī)敏)andclever,butonthewholeimmoral(頹廢)andcynical(憤世嫉俗).Themostpopularworkwascomedywhosechiefaimwastoentertainthelicentiousaristocrats(貴族).JohnDryden,critic,poetandplaywrightwasthemostdistinguishedliteraryfigureofthattime.Chapter8JohnMilton1.ParadiseLostpresentstheauthor’sviewinanallegoricreligiousform(宗教諷喻的形式)，andreaderswilleasilydiscernitsbasicidea---theexposure(揭露)ofreactionary(反革命)forcesofhistimeandthepassionateappealforfreedom.2.Itconsiststwelvebooks.Itismarkedforitsintricate(結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜)andcontradictorycomposition.PartIVTheAgeofEnlightenment(啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng))---prose（散文時(shí)代）背景：1.TheRevolutionof1688,markedtheendofthelongstruggleforpoliticalfreedominEngland.Theyhavetwoparties:theliberalWigs(自由派輝格黨)andtheconservativeTories(保守派托利黨).2.TheEnlightenmentwasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisie(資產(chǎn)階級(jí))againstfeudalism(封建主義).Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality(階級(jí)不平等)，stagnation(停滯)，prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.3.Theenlightenersrepudiate(顛覆)thefalsereligiousdoctrinesabouttheviciousness(邪惡)ofhumannature,andprovethatmanisbornkindandhonest,andifhebecomesdepraved(腐敗),itisonlyduetotheinfluenceofcorruptedsocialenvironment.流派：thereignofso–calledClassicism(古典主義)、therevivalofromanticpoetry(新興的浪漫主義詩(shī)歌)、thebeginningsofthemodernnovel(剛啟萌的現(xiàn)代派小說(shuō)).主要人物：①AlexanderPope,hiscontributiontothetheoryandpracticeofprosody:elaboratedcertainregulationsforthestyleofpoeticalworks(精心設(shè)計(jì)詩(shī)歌格式)andmadepopulartheheroiccouplets(英雄雙韻體詩(shī)歌)---fivefootiambicsrhymedincouplets(五步抑揚(yáng)格對(duì)偶句)②DanielDefoe----RobinsonCrusoe(1719),itwasoneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealisticnovel.③HenryFieldingandTobiasGeorgeSmollet-----therealfoundersofthegenreofthebourgeoisrealisticnovel.④SamuelRichardson--Pamela--Themethodofpsychologicalanalysis(心理分析的方法)⑤JonathanSwift-----themostoutstandingpersonalityoftheepochofEnlightenmentinEngland.Heruthlesslyexposedthedirtymercenaryessenceofbourgeoisrelationships.⑥Themiddleofthe18thcenturyinEnglandcameanewliterarycurrent--sentimentalism⑦Thelatterhalfofthe18thcenturywastheso-calledpre-romanticism(前浪漫主義).IthadareactionagainsttheEnlightenment,mostlyin“Gothicnovel”(哥特式小說(shuō))⑧ThemysteriouselementplaysanenormousroleintheGothicnovel,itissorepletewithbloodcurdlingscenesandunnaturalfeelingsthatitisjustlycalled“anovelofhorrors”.Chapter10DanielDefoe1.Heisoftengiventhecreditforthediscoveryofthemodernnovel.(開(kāi)創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代派小說(shuō)的先河)2.RobinsonCrusoe---headthelistofmodernfiction---anadventurestory.3.60歲因魯濱遜漂流記走紅。4.works:①CaptainSingleton,DuncanCampbell,MemoirsofaCavalier---1720②ColonelJack,MollFlanders,AJournalofthePlagueYear(amazingrealistic)---1722③ThePoliticalHistoryoftheDevil---1726Chapter11JonathanSwift1.thetaleofatub(木桶的故事)andGulliver’sTravels(格列弗游記)----thegreatestsatiresintheEnglishlanguage.2.thetaleofatub---asatireonthevariouschurchesoftheday.1704publishedwithTheBattleoftheBooks(書(shū)戰(zhàn))。3.Gulliver’sTravels---comprisetheextraordinaryadventuresofDoctorGulliver.Alsohasfantasticlandsvisitedbyhim,theirsocialsystems,waysandcustomsoftheirinhabitants.4.Thefeaturesofthisbook:novisiblesignofanger,norraisingthevoice;thetoneiscold,restrained,ironic,variedonlybysomeflashesoffoolingwhenSwift’ssenseoftheridiculourgetsthebetterofhim.(怒不動(dòng)顏,罵不揚(yáng)聲,語(yǔ)調(diào)冷酷,鋒芒暗藏,諷刺辛辣,僅在諷喻之情難以抑制時(shí)才偶露揶揄之態(tài).)5.AModestProposal---ismadetoEnglishgovernmenttorelievethepovertyofIrishpeople.Thebitterironyofthepamphletexpressesswift’sgreatsympathyfortheoppressedandhungrypeasantsofIrelandandhisangeratEnglishlandlord(地主)(強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)了英國(guó)對(duì)愛(ài)爾蘭人民的剝削和壓迫.)書(shū)p189Chapter13HenryFielding1.Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩(shī)),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.2.JonathanWild(1743)---thestoryofaroguewhichsuggestedDefoe’snarrativeTheHistoryofTomJonesaFounding(1749)---hisbestworkAmelia(1751)---astoryofagoodwifeincontrastwithanunworthyhusband.PartVTheRomanticPeriodWiththepublicationofWilliamWordsworth’sLyricalBallads（《抒情歌謠集》）(1798)incollaborationwithSamuelTaylorColeridge（S·T·柯勒律治）.RomanticismbegantobloomandfoundafirmplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.ItwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheIndustrialRevolution（工業(yè)革命）andtheFrenchRevolution（法國(guó)大革命）ItwasamidthesesocialconflictsthatRomanticismaroseasamainliterarytrend,whichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1832.ItbeganwiththepublicationofLyricalBalladsandendedwithWalterScott’sdeath(1832).（浪漫主義作為一股新的主流文學(xué)潮流興起，并在1798-1832年間進(jìn)入興盛時(shí)期。1798年華茲華斯的《抒情歌謠集》的出版標(biāo)志著浪漫主義文學(xué)的開(kāi)始，1832年沃爾特·司各特的去世則標(biāo)志著浪漫主義文學(xué)的中介）Chapter19WilliamWordsworthWilliamWordsworth(1770—1850)威廉·華茲華斯1.hislife：Hislovefornatureisboundless.Tohimnaturemeansmorethanrivers,trees,rocks,mountainsandlakes.Naturehasamoralvalueandhasitsphilosophicalsignificance.Natureisforhimtheembodiment（體現(xiàn)）oftheDivine（神圣的）Spirit.HebelievestheGodanduniverseareidentical.2,hiswork:Mostworksareaboutnatureandcountrylife.LinesComposedaFewMilesaboveTinternAbbey《延騰寺》Itisameditation思考o(jì)nhismentalgrownup.SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWay《她住在人際罕見(jiàn)的路邊》：悼亡露西ITravelledamongUnknownMen《我在陌生人中孤獨(dú)旅行》IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我好似一朵孤獨(dú)的流云》：it’saboutthebeautyofnature.Thereisvividpictureofthedaffodilshere,mixedwiththepoet’sphilosophicalandsomewhatmysticalthoughts.Sonnet:ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802《在西敏寺橋上》Sonnet:London1802《倫敦，一八〇二年》TheSolitaryReaper《孤獨(dú)的割麥女》：在抒情中表達(dá)了華茲華斯的自然觀，具有林秀之氣和音韻之美。Chapter20GeorgeGordon,LordByronGeorgeGordonByron喬治·戈登·拜倫爵士（1788-1824）Hisworks：WhenWeTwoParted《想從前我們倆分手》SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光彩中》SonnetonChillon《詠錫雍》ChildeHarold’spilgrimage《恰爾德·哈羅德游記》DonJuan《唐·璜》Chapter21PercyByssheShelleyPercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)珀西·比?！ぱ┤RHewasrebellious（反抗的）fromaveryyoungage.Hewasapersonofextremepersonality.Hewroteabouttheuniverse,lark（宇宙）sky.Hisworks:Ozymandias《奧西曼迪亞斯》ASong