Unit+3+Careers+and+skills單元培優(yōu)練習(xí)題 高中英語牛津譯林版選擇性必修第四冊

Unit3Careersandskills單元培優(yōu)練習(xí)題Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIntheAugustsun,it'sunbearablyhotinmycar.I'minVancouver,approachingtheKnightStreetBridgeasItrytogethomeafterwork.It's5:15pm.Trafficisalreadyslowingdownandthenitcomestoafullstop.I'mstuckevenbeforegettingonthebridge.Thishasbecomemynormalworkcommuteroutine.Aheadofmeisaheavilyjammedon-ramp(匝道).Istareattheendlessrowsofvehicles,depressed.AtfirstIthinkthisisnothowitlooks.Thetrafficwillsoonstartmoving.Secondspass.Minutespass.Lookingattherowsofcarsandtrucksglittering(閃光)inthesun,Istartcounting—299,300,301—andIgiveup.SuddenlyIrememberI'moneofthe300helplessdrivers.ButIstayalert.Whenthecarsdomove,Imovecarefully,makingsurenottobumpintoothervehicles.Finally,Imakeitontothebridge.Thetrafficisstillcrawlingatasnail'space.Tiredandhungry,Ibecomeveryanxious.Justthen,Ihearaweaksoundinthedistance.Thesoundgraduallybecomeslouder,untilIcanidentifyitasanambulanceapproachingfrombehind.Whatdowedo?Thebridgeispacked.There'snoroomforustomove.ButI'mwrong.Everysinglecarquickly,yetcarefully,movestotheside.Withoutthinking,Ifollowsuit.Thelaneremainsopenforafewsecondsduringwhichtheambulanceflashesthrough.Afterward,everycarmovesback.Wecloseuptheemergencylane,readytocontinueourpatientwait.Backinmyspot,I'mawestruck.Iforgetmytirednessandhunger.Myanxietyisgone.Istartreflectinguponwhat300fellowdriversandIjustdid.Howdidwedothat?Despiteourexhaustion,wecollectivelydecidedtohelpthestrangerwhoneededthetimemoredesperatelythanwedid.Wedrewonoursympathyandintelligence,requiringnodirectives.AlthoughImayseemalonestuckonthebridge,I'mconnectedtoalltheotherdrivers.Togetherwecouldmaketheimpossiblepossible.1.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenseeingtheon-ramp?A.Annoyed.B.Discouraged.C.CalmD.Shocked.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkwhenknowinganambulanceisapproaching?A.Itwillbehardforittopassthrough.B.Someoneshoulddirectthetraffic.C.Alldriverswillbewillingtomove.D.Whoeverisinsideneedsimmediatehelp.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“awestruck”inParagraph7mostprobablymean?A.Anxious.B.Amazed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkmadethemiraclehappen?A.Thedrivers'gooddrivingskills.B.Instructionsfromastranger.C.People'skindness.D.Theambulance'srescue.BGeneticinformationisimportantbecauseitstores,processesandtransmitsbiologicaldatafromgenerationtogeneration.Somescientistsevenassumethatknowinggeneticinformationitselfmatters.Forexample,inquantummechanics(量子力學(xué)),thereisapopulartheoryknownasthe“observereffect”,whichstatesthattheactofobservingaphenomenon(usuallybymakingsomekindofmeasurement)necessarilychangesthatphenomenon.Inotherwords,justbybeingthereandhavinganinterestintheoutcome,weaffectthatoutcome.Whiletheexplanationsbehindtheobserver'sinfluenceinquantummechanicscomedowntothemeasuringinstrumentandnottheobserver'sconsciousmind,wealsoseestrongevidenceforthe“placeboeffect”inmedicine:Apatient'sconditioncanimproveiftheyjustbelievetheyarereceivinganeffectivetreatment.Andthosebeneficialeffectscanhappenevenifthepatientisnotactuallyreceivingthattreatmentorifthetreatmentdoesn'tactuallywork.Ifourmindstrulydohavepoweroveroursurroundingsandourbodies,whatdoeshavingthegeneticinformationdotous?Doessimplyknowingmoreaboutourownphysiology(生理機能)changeit?Arecentstudyonexerciseandobesitysuggeststhattheanswerisyes.Thosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesityproduced2.5timesmoreofthefullnesshormoneandclaimedtofeelfullerdespiteeatingthesamemealastheyhadoneweekprior.Thosewhoweretoldtheyhadlowerendurancebecauseoftheirgenesdidworseontheirphysicaltestthantheydidbeforereceivingthatinformation:Theyshowedlowerlungcapacityandquitsooner.Thus,havinginformationaboutourgeneticriskcanleadtoimprovementsinourphysiology(aswastruefortheeatersofthestudy),butitcanalsoputusatadisadvantage(aswiththepoorexerciseperformers).Sowecertainlyneedtobecautiousofincorrectgeneticinformation.ButastheStanfordstudyshows,evenifthegeneticinformationwereceiveiscorrect,howwereceiveitisalsoimportant.5.Howdoesthe“placeboeffect”inmedicinework?A.Thepatientrecoverswiththetimelytreatment.B.Thepatient'sconditionworsensduetoalackoftreatment.C.Thepatient'sconditionremainsunchangeddespitetheirbelief.D.Thepatient'sconditionimproveswiththebeliefinthetreatment.6.AccordingtoParagraph5,whathappenedtothosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesity?A.Theyshowedlowerlungcapacity.B.Theyquittheirphysicaltestsooner.C.Theyneededmorefoodtosatisfytheirappetite.D.Theyfeltfullerwithmorefullnesshormonereleased.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardshavinggeneticinformation?A.Positive.B.Objective.C.Ambiguous.D.Negative.8.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A.Thegreatpoweroftheobserver'smind.B.Theinfluenceofknowinggeneticinformation.C.Theamazingapplicationofgeneticinformation.D.TheconnectionbetweenQuantumMechanicsandMedicine.CDespitethebadreputationofsharks,theyarecrucialtothehealthofthemarineecosystemandcanevenhelpfightclimatechange.IntheshallowsofSharkBay,WesternAustralia,seagrassisfoodfortheseacows,whichcanweighasmuchas500kgandeatroughly40kgofseagrassaday.Seacowsarearichsourceoffoodfortigersharks.Bykeepingtheseacowpopulationcontrolled,tigersharksherehelptheseagrassgrowsustainably.AboomingseagrassmeadowstorestwiceasmuchCO2persquaremileasforeststypicallydoonland.Buttigersharknumbersaredeclining.OffAustralia'snortheastcoastofQueensland,tigersharksareestimatedtohavefallenbyatleast71percent,largelyduetooverfishing.Areductionintigersharksmeansmoreseagrassconsumedbyherbivores(食草動物)andlesscarbonstoredinseavegetation.Thisraisedthequestion:WhatiftheywereabsentfromtheSharkBay—wouldtheseagrass-dominatedecosystemsurvive?Tofindout,researchersledbyRobNowickiofFloridaInternationalUniversity,spenttimeinEasternAustralia,wheresharknumberswerelowerandseacowsateseagrasslargelyundisturbed.“Whenuncontrolled,seacowscanrapidlydestroywideareasofseagrass,”saidNowicki.ThosefindingsemphasizedthattigersharkswereplayinganimportantroleinpreventingthereductionofseagrassinSharkBay.Iftheirpopulationscontinuetodecline,theresilienceofcarbon-richoceanecosystemswilllikelydecrease.Whenitcomestostimulatingsharknumbers,therehavebeenmovementstowardmoresustainablefishing,butalargepercentageoftheindustryhavenotchangedtheirmethods,whichistheleadingcauseofmarinetoppredatorscontinuingtodecline.Asidefromsupportingsustainablefishing,Nowickisaidtheonlywaytotrulyprotectmarinelifeistoreduceourglobalgreenhousegasemissions.“Ultimately,ifwearegoingtoprotectourecosystemsinthecenturiestocome,wearegoingtoneedtosolveclimatechangewhileundertakingspeciesprotectionatthesametime.”9.Whyaretigersharksvitaltothemarineecosystem?A.Theyfeedonvariousseaanimals.B.TheycanstorelargeamountsofCO2.C.Theycanpreventthelossofseagrass.D.Theyinfluencemarinespeciesdistribution.10.WhatdidRobNowicki'steamwanttofindoutinEasternAustralia?A.Howseacowsdestroytheseagrasscommunity.B.Howsharkpopulationinfluencestheoceanecosystem.C.Whatwascontributingtothedecliningnumberoftigersharks.D.Whattodotorecovertheseagrass-dominatedecosystem.11.Whatisthemainreasonforthepopulationreductionoftoppredatorsinmarineecosystems?A.Climatechange.B.Waterpollution.C.Lossofseagrass.D.Unsustainablefishingapproaches.12.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Weshouldprotectourenvironment.B.Thenumberoftigersharksisdecreasing.C.Climatechangecausesthelossofseagrass.D.Tigersharksarevitaltothehealthofthemarineecosystem.Ⅱ.七選五EasywaystoimproveyourworkproductivityWeallwanttogetmoreoutofourdaybutwedon'talwaysknowhowtogoaboutit.1

?Takebreaksoutside.Gettingoutsidetostretchyourlegscanboostyourmoodandhelpyoutodisconnectfromyourworkforabit.2Sotakingawalkwillmeanthatyoureturntoyourdeskfeelingmorepositiveandfocused,readytotacklewhatevertaskitisnext.

?Setagoodmorningroutine.Agoodmorningroutinecanmakeadifferencetoyourday.Setyouralarmalittleearlierandusethetimeyouhavetocreateamorningroutinethatrefreshesandenergizesyou.3Taketimetoreadajournal,pickoutanoutfitthatmakesyoufeelconfident,anddowhateveryouneedtodotoputyourselfintherightheadspacetohaveagoodday.

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Justasimportantassettingboundarieswhenitcomestoyourwork,setboundarieswhenitcomestoyourpersonalandsociallife.Makequalitytimeforyourselfandthepeopleyoulovebysettingboundariesregardingyourworkandgivingtimeandspacetotheotherareasofyourlife.?Getenoughsleep.5Afteragoodnight'ssleepourbrainwillfeelenergizedandsharp,whereasaroughnight'ssleepcanleaveusfeelingslowandunmotivated.Makesureyou'resettingyourselfupforsuccessbyregularlygettingagoodnight'ssleep.

A.Sticktoyourboundaries.B.Haveapleasantandfulfilledlife.C.Goforarunordosomeyogatostartyourmorning.D.Don'tignoretheimportanceofgettingupearlyforwork.E.Herearesomeeasywaysinwhichyoucanimproveyourworkproductivity.F.Wecannotunderestimatetheeffectthatsleephasonourproductivity.G.ThevitaminDyougetfromthesunhasalsobeenproventoboostyourmood.參考答案Ⅰ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】作者下班回家的途中遇上嚴(yán)重的交通堵塞,心情沮喪。此時一輛救護車從后方駛來,車輛自覺有序地讓出一條通道讓救護車通過,作者由此感受到大家的善意,感受到人與人之間的聯(lián)系。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句可知,作者看到入口匝道的時候心情是沮喪的。discouraged“心灰意冷的”。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知,當(dāng)救護車駛近的時候,因為橋上擁堵,作者認(rèn)為車輛無法移動讓出空間。由此推知,作者認(rèn)為救護車很難通過。3.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第七段中畫線詞后的兩句可推知,作者原本以為擁堵的車輛無法為救護車騰出空間,但是大家井然有序地、快速地讓出了路,讓作者忘記了堵車的種種不愉快。由此推知,作者應(yīng)該是驚奇不已的。amazed與awestruck意思相近。4.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句可知,作者認(rèn)為救護車得以通過是因為大家富有同情和智慧,愿意幫助救護車上的陌生人,是人們的善意令奇跡發(fā)生,C項符合題意。【語篇導(dǎo)讀】文章主要說明了解遺傳信息對我們很重要。5.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知,醫(yī)學(xué)上的“安慰劑效應(yīng)”指的是病人如果相信他們正在接受有效的治療,他們的病情就會好轉(zhuǎn),故病人的病情隨著治療的信念而改善。6.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句