2023年考研外語押題模擬卷8

考研外語押題模擬卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyofthe

UnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.(1),even

beforeindependencefromBritainwas(2),itbecameclear

that(3)thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmight

provenecessaryto(4)theUnionitself.

AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritain,Americansobtaineda

western(5)attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnation

securedforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichin

agriculturalandmineralresources.But(6)their

colonialcharters,sevenstatesclaimed(7)ofthewestern

wilderness.Virginia'sclaimwasthelargest,(8)north

andwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthe

charterswas(9)andtheirvalidityquestionable,but

duringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoring

ColonelGeorgiaRogersClark's1778(10)toVicennesand

Kaskaskia,which(11)America'strans-Appalachian

pretensionsatthepeacetable.

Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion

(12)whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywasso

unevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobe,

aunionofequals.AlreadyNewJersey,Delaware,RhodeIsaland,

andMarylandwere(13)thesmallestandleastpopulousof

thestates.(14)theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystate

wardebts,theirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutof

land-saleproceeds.(15)byfreshlandsandlowtaxes,

peoplewoulddesertthesmallstates(16)thelarge,

leavingtheformertofall(17)bankruptcyandeventually

intopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewar

effort,howthencouldhalfofthem“beleftnosinkunderan

(18)_____debt,whilstothersareenabled,inashortperiod,

to(19)alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsof

thewholeconfederacy?”AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor,

(20)oughtitsfruits,includingthewesternlandsbea

commonproperty.

A.Furthermore

B.Likewise

C.Indeed

D.Therefore

2、⑵

A.gained

B.reaped

C.earned

D.won

3、(3)

A.resolving

B.disposing

C.approving

D.retaining

4、(4)

A.ensure

B.maintain

C.preserve

D.remain

5、⑸

A.frontier

B.boundary

C.border

D.outline

6、(6)

A.by

B.above

C.under

43

D.against

7、(7)

A.portions

B.patches

C.fragments

D.shares

8、(8)

A.shifting

B.ranging

C.stretching

D.covering

9、(9)

A.obvious

B.dismal

C.gloomy

D.vague

10、(10)

A.opening

B.expedition

C.route

D.endeavor

IK(H)

4

A.protected

B.strengthened

C.lessened

D.encircled

12、(12)

A.imagined

B.asserted

C.admitted

D.doubted

13、(13)

A.about

B.outside

C.among

D.with

14、(14)

A.While

B.Because

C.Unless

D.When

15、(15)

A.Drawn

B.Pushed

目5

C.Pulled

D.Lured

16、(16)

A.toward

B.off

C.from

D.for

17、(17)

A.beyond

B.into

C.over

D.upon

18、(18)

A.sufficient

B.enormous

C.indefinite

D.excessive

19、(19)

A.purchase

B.supplement

C.replace

D.exchange

6

20、(20)

A.so

B.even

C.yet

D.still

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

“Itisanevi1influenceontheyouthofourcountry”.A

politiciancondemningvideogaming?Actually,aclergyman

denouncingrockandroll50yearsago.Butthesentimentcould

justaseasilyhavebeenvoicedbyHillaryClintoninthepast

fewweeks,assheblamedvideogamesfor"asilentepidemicof

mediadesensitisation"and"stealingtheinnocenceofour

children”.

ThegamingfurorcentersonGrandTheftAuto:SanAndreas”,

apopularandnotoriouslyviolentcopsandrobbersgamethat

turnedouttocontainhiddensexscenesthatcouldbeunlocked

usingapatchdownloadedfromtheinternet.Theresulting

outcry(mostlyfromDemocraticpoliticiansplayingtothe

centre)causedthegame'sratinginAmericatobechangedfrom

“mature”,whichmeansyouhavetobe17tobuyit,to"adults

only”,whichmeansyouhavetobe18,butalsomeansthatbig

retailerssuchasWal-Martwillnotstockit.Asaresultthe

gamehasbeenbannedinAustralia;and,thisautumn,America's

FederalTradeCommissionwillinvestigatethecomplaints.That

willgivegaming，sopponentsanopportunitytoventtheirwrath

ontheindustry.

Skepticismofnewmediaisatraditionwithdeeproots,going

backatleastasfarasSocrates'objectionstowrittentexts,

outlinedinPlato,sPhaedrus.Socratesworriedthatrelyingon

writtentexts,ratherthantheoraltradition,would"create

forgetfulnessinthelearners，souls,becausetheywillnotuse

theirmemories;theywilltrusttotheexternalwritten

charactersandnotrememberofthemselves”.(Healsoobjected

thatawrittenversionofaspeechwasnosubstituteforthe

abilitytointerrogatethespeaker,since,whenquestioned,the

text"alwaysgivesoneunvaryinganswer”.Hisobjection,in

short,wasthatbookswerenotinteractive.PerhapsSocrates

wou1dhavethoughtmorehighlyofvideogames.)

Novelswereonceconsideredtoolow-browforuniversity

literaturecourses,buteventuallythedisapprovingprofessors

retired.Waltzmusicanddancingwerecondemnedinthe19th

century;al1thattwirlingwasthoughttobe"intoxicating”and

“depraved”,andthemusicwasoutlawedinsomeplaces.Today

itishardtoimaginewhatthefusswasabout.Androckandroll

wasthoughttoencourageviolence,promiscuityandSatanism;

buttodayevengranniesbuyColdplayalbums.

Wecanlearnfromthetextthathumanbeingshaveahistory

of.

A.fascinationfortheacademicestablishment

B.enthusiasmforjuvenilepsychology

C.disbeliefinthenovelmedium

D.hatredofpoliticalcorruption

2、

TheattitudesofSocratesandHillaryClintontowardthenovel

mediumare.

A.identical

B.optimistic

C.panicked

D.confused

3、

VideogameswouldhavebeenrecommendedbySocratesdueto

its.

A.textmessages

B.oraltradition

C.unvaryinganswers

D.two-waycommunication

4、

Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormost

likelyagree?

A.Theemergenceofvideogamesisboundtobreedevil.

B.There'snolegalrulingthatvideogamesarebadforpeople,

andtheymaybepositivelygood.

C.Universityliteraturecoursesaresubjecttothe

harassmentofvideogames.

D.There'snosoundproofthatadultsarepronetothemoral

declinewhenengagedinvideogames.

5、

Whenmentioningnovels,waltzmusicandrockandroll,the

authorissuggesting.

A.themishapsofvogues

B.themisfortuneofartmasterpieces

C.theprospectofvideogames

D.theeffectsofvariousartforms

6、“Youarenotheretotellmewhattodo.Youarehereto

tellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedtodo”,

MontaguNorman,theBankofEngland;slongest-servinggovernor

(1920—1944),isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.

Today,thankfully,centralbanksaimtobemoretransparentin

theirdecisionmaking,aswellasmorerational.Butachieving

eitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy.Withthemost

laudableofintentions,theFederalReserve,America'scentral

bank,maybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire.

UniiketheFed,manyothercentralbankshavelongdeclared

explicitinflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotry

tomeetthese.SomeeconomistshavearguedthattheFedshould

dothesame.WithAlanGreenspan,theFed,smuch-respected

chairman,duetoretirenextyear一afteramere18yearsinthe

job—someFedofficialswanttoadoptatarget,presumablyto

maintainthecentralbank'scredibilityinthescarynew

post-Greenspanera.TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatits

Februarymeeting,accordingtominutespublishedthisweek.

Thissoundsencouraging.However,theFedisconsideringthe

ideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningto

questionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks.

Atpresentcentralbanksfocusalmostexclusivelyon

consumer-priceindices.OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboast

thatinflationremainsundercontrol.Butsomecentralbankers

nowarguethatthepricesofassets,suchashousesandshares,

shouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.Abroadpriceindex

forAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunning

at5.5%,itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytaken

adifferentform.

Shouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuchasset

prices?Mr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicy

shouldnotbeusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifying

bubblesisdifficult,exceptinretrospect,hesays,and

interestratesareabluntweapon:anincreasebigenoughto

haltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itisbetter,he

says,towaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstand

thentocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates—ashe

didin2022-2022.

Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftly

intoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflation,surgingasset

pricesalsodistortpricesignalsandsocancausea

misallocationofresources一encouragingtoolittlesaving,for

example,ortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghouse

pricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthan

conventionalinflationwoulddemand.Inotherwords,strict

inflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s一istoocrude.

Theword"minutes”(Line6,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

A.record

B.new-letter

C.announcement

D.motive

7、

Accordingtothetext,itisupsettingthattheFederalReserve

doesnottakeintoaccountinflationtargets.

A.untilwhattodoisclarified

B.untilexplicitinflationtargetsaredeclared

C.untilincreasesinassetpricesareCurbed

D.untilitsefficiencyiscastdoubton

8、

Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A.increasesinassetpricesareinterferedbytheFederal

Reserves

B.moreemphasisshouldbeplacedonconsumer-priceindices

C.changeshavetakenplaceinthepatternofinflation

D.inflationhavebeenbroughtunderfederalcontrol

9、

ItisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthatMr.Greenspanis

skepticalof.

A.thestipulationofanti-monopolyrulesandregulations

B.theinterventionbycentralbanksinassetprices

C.thepreventionofeconomicrecession

D.thecountdownbytheFederalReserveofneweconomic

upheavals

10、

Whichofthefollowingswouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AmericanMonetaryConundrumsAreReadilyDeciphered.

B.AmericanCentralBanksAreontheVergeofExtinction.

C.ConventionalInflationTargetIsBestEmployedin

TransparentEnvironment.

D.America(sMonetaryPolicyIsoffTarget.

11、ItmaybejustaswellforOxfordUniversity，sreputation

thatthisweek'smeetingofCongregation,its3,552-strong

governingbody,washeldinsecret,fortheairofcivilized

rationalitythatisgenerallysupposedtopervadedonnish

conversationhaslatelyturnedfractious.That'sbecausethe

vice-chancellor,thenearestthingtheplacehastoachief

executive,hasproposedthemostfundamentalreformstothe

universitysincetheestablishmentofthecollegesystemin

1249;andalotofthedonsandcollegesdon'tlikeit.

ThetroublewithOxfordisthatitisunmanageable.Its

problems一thedifficultyofrecruitinggooddonsandofgetting

ridofbadones,concernsaboutacademicstandards,severe

moneyworriesatsomecolleges一allspringfromthat.JohnHood,

whowasrecruitedasvice-chancellorfromtheUniversityof

Aucklandandisnowprobablythemosthatedantipodeanin

Britishacademiclife,reckonsheknowshowtosolvethis,and

hasproposedtoreducethepowerofdonsandcollegesand

increasethatofuniversityadministrators.

Mr.Hoodisrightthattheuniversity'smanagementstructure

needsanoverhaul.Butradicalthoughhisproposalsseemto

thoseinvolvedinthecurrentrow,theydonotgofarenough.

ThedifficultyofmanagingOxfordstemsonlypartlyfromthe

nuttinessofitssystemofgovernance;themorefundamental

problemliesinitsrelationshipwiththegovernment.That,s

whyMr.Hoodshouldadoptanideathatwasonceregardedas

teeteringonthelunaticfringeofradicalism,butthesedays

isdiscussedeveninpolitecircles.Theideaisindependence.

Oxfordgetsaround￡5,000($9,500)perundergraduateper,year

fromthegovernment.Inreturn,itacceptsthatitcancharge

studentsonly￡1,150(risingto￡3,000nextyear)ontopof

that.Sinceitprobablycostsatleast￡10,000ayeartoteach

anundergraduate,thatleavesOxfordwithadeficitof￡4,000

orsoperstudenttocoverfromitsownfunds.

IfOxforddeclaredindependence,itwouldlosethe￡52m

undergraduatesubsidyatleast.Coulditfillthehole?

Certainly.America，stopuniversitieschargearound￡20,000

perstudentperyear.Thedifficultissuewouldnotbemoney

alone:itwouldbebalancingnumbersofnot-so-brilliantrich

peoplepayingtopwhackwiththeclevererpooreronestheywere

crosssubsidizing.America，stopuniversitiesmanageit:high

feesmeanbetterteaching,whichkeepscompetitionhotand

academicstandardshigh,whileluringenoughdonationsto

providebursariesforthepoor.Itshouldbeeasiertoextract

moneyfromalumniifOxfordwerenolongerstate-funded.

Accordingtothetext,theauthor，sattitudetowardJohnHood

isoneof.

A.enthusiasticsupport

B.slightcontempt

C.strongdisapproval

D.reservedconsent

12、

Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat.

A.relianceuponofficialsubsidyhasbredthecurrent

predicamentofOxford

B.anoverhaulofOxfordmanagementstructureisurgently

needed

C.thenuttinessofOxfordsystemofgovernancemaybeeasily

removed

D.thecurrentrowisessentialtomanyinpolitecircle

13、

Theterm“bursaries”(Line7,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

A.preferentialpolicies

B.scholarshiporgrant

C.freestationeryandaccommodation

D.shelteringandmeals

14、

Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthatthe.

A.thecurrentfinancialstatusofOxfordresultsfromits

beingstate-funded

B.radicalreformsconcentrateonOxfordmanagementstructure

C.Oxfordindependencemightbecomeabarriertoits

recruitinggooddons

D.notoriousreputationresultsinOxfordmeetingof

Congregationheldthisweek

15、

Towhichofthefollowingstatementswou1dtheauthormost

probablyagree?

A.Thecontributionfromalumniwon'tlureampledonationby

thewealthy.

B.Thecivilizedrationalityisgraduallyspoiledby

fractiousnature.

C.TherowgoingoninOxfordispassionatebutbesidethe

point.

□.American'stopuniversitiesaresomewhatapprehensiveof

theircurrentstatusbutover-confidentoftheirprospect.

16>Electionsoftentellyoumoreaboutwhatpeopleare

againstthanwhattheyarefor.SoitiswiththeEuropeanones

thattookplacelastweekinall25EuropeanUnionmember

countries.Theseelections,widelytrumpetedastheworld's

biggest-evermultinationaldemocraticvote,werefoughtfor

themostpartas25separatenationalcontests,whichmakesit

trickytopickoutmanycommonthemes.Butthestrongestare

undoubtedlynegative.Europe，svotersareangryand

disillusioned一andtheyhavedemonstratedtheirangerand

disillusioninthreemainways.

Themostobviouswasbyabstaining.Theaverageoverallturnout

wasjustover45%,bysomemarginthelowesteverrecordedfor

electionstotheEuropeanParliament.Andthataverage

disguisessomebigvariations:Italy,forexample,notchedup

over70%,butSwedenmanagedonly37%.Mostdepressingofall,

atleasttobelieversintheEuropeanproject,wastheextremely

lowvoteinmanyofthenewmembercountriesfromcentralEurope,

whichaccountedforthewholeofthefallinturnoutsince1999.

Inthebiggest,Poland,onlyjustoverafifthoftheelectorate

turnedouttovote.Onlyayearago,centralEuropeansvoted

inlargenumberstojointheEU,whichtheydidonMay1st.That

theyabstainedinsuchlargenumbersintheEuropeanelections

pointstoearlydisillusionwiththeEuropeanUnion一aswell

astoawidespreadfeeling,sharedintheoldmembercountries

aswell,thattheEuropeanParliamentdoesnotmatter.

DisillusionwithEuropewasalsoabigfactorinthesecondway

inwhichvotersprotested,whichwasbysupportingaragbagof

populist,nationalistandexplicitlyanti-EUparties.These

rangedfromthe16%whobackedtheUKIndependenceParty,whose

declaredpolicyistowithdrawfromtheEUandwhoseleaders

seetheirmissionas"wrecking''theEuropeanParliament,to

the14%whovotedforSweden'sJunelist,andthe27%ofPoles

whobackedoneoftwoanti-EUparties,theLeagueofCatholic

FamiliesandSelfdefence.Theseresultshavereturnedmanymore

Euroscepticsandtrouble-makerstotheparliament:onsome

measures,overaquarterofthenewMEPSwillbelongtothe

“awkwardsquad”.Thatisnotabadthing,however,foritwill

maketheparliamentmorerepresentativeofEuropeanpublic

opinion.

ButitisthethirdtargetofEuropeanvoters,irethatis

perhapsthemostimmediatelysignificant:thefactthat,in

manyEUcountries,oldandnew,theychosetovoteheavily

againsttheirowngovernments.Thisanti-incumbentvotewas

strongalmosteverywhere,butitwasmostpronouncedinBritain,

theCzechRepublic,Germany,PolandandSweden.Theleadersof

allthefourbiggestEuropeanUnioncountries,TonyBlairin

Britain,JacquesChiracinFrance,GerhardSchroderinGermany

andSilvioBerlusconiinItaly,wereeachgivenabloodynose

bytheirvoters.

ThebigquestionnowishowEurope'sleadersshouldrespondto

this.Byasublime(orterrible)coincidence,soonafterthe

elections,andjustasTheEconomistwasgoingtopress,they

weregatheringinBrusselsforacrucialsummit,atwhichthey

areduetoagreeanewconstitutionaltreatyfortheEUandto

selectanewpresidentfortheEuropeanCommission.Goinginto

themeeting,mostEUheadsofgovernmentseemeddeterminedto

pressaheadwiththisagendaregardlessoftheEuropean

elections一eventhoughtheatmosphereaftertheresultsmay

makeitharderforthemtostrikedeals.

Therelationshipbetweentheopeningparagraphandtherest

oftextisthat.

A.aproposalisadvancedinthefirstparagraphandthen

negatedinthefollowingparagraphs

B.anprophecyisrevealedandthenprovedwithconcrete

examples

C.ageneralizationismadeinthefirstparagraphandthen

elaboratedinthefollowingparagraphs

D.apropositionisintroducedinthefirstparagraphandthen

explainedindetailsinthefollowingparagraphs

17、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthetext?

A.EUmembercountriesholdthattheEuropeanParliamentis

ofimportance.

B.TheEuropeanProjectistheworstvisionofall.

C.EUmembercountriesmaintainthatcentralEuropeare

gainingmorecommonthemes.

D.Anti-EUpartiesareneverdetrimentaltothebuilding-up

oftheEuropeancollaboration.

18、

ItisimpliedinthetextthatthedepartureofEurosceptics

andtrouble-makersfromtheEuropeanParliament.

A.benefitstheoldmembercountriesforthetimebeing

B.fortifiesthesupportofpopulistandnationalists

C.mightobligeanti-EUpartiestoadoptacompromiseresisted

bythepublic

D.wouldhinderthefullexpressionofEuropeanpublicfeeling

19、

Theword"ire”(Line1Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans.

A.entertainment

B.wrath

C.syndrome

D.premise

20、

Itisimpliedintheconcludingparagraphthat.

A.Europeanoldmembercountriesarepoorandhomogenous

B.Europe'sleadersarebewilderedbythecrucialsummit

C.Europe，spoliticiansshouldheedtheirvoters'

dissatisfaction

D.Europeancoincidencesmightemergeduetotheeconomic

stagnation

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticle

bychoosingfromthelistA一G.Thefirstandthelast

paragraphshavebeenplacedforyou.

A.Dr.DanielStanley,anoceanographer,hasfoundvolcanic

shardsinEgyptthathebelievesarelinkedtotheexplosion.

ComputersimulationsbyMikeRampino,aclimatemodelerfrom

NewYorkUniversity,showthattheresultingashcloudcould

haveplungedtheareaintodarkness,aswellasgenerating

lightningandhail,twoofthe10plagues.

B.Thecloudcouldhavealsoreducedtherainfall,causinga

drought.IftheNilehadthenbeenpoisonedbytheeffectsof

theeruption,pollutioncouldhaveturneditred,ashappened

inarecentenvironmentaldisasterinAmerica.Thesame

pollution,couldhavedrivenmillionsoffrogsontotheland,

thesecondplague.Onlandthefrogswoulddie,removingthe

onlyobstacletoanexplosionoffliesandlice-thethirdand

fourthplagues.Thefliescouldhavetransmittedfataldiseases

tocattle(thefifthplague)andboilsandblisterstohumans

(thesixthplague).

C.Moses,whichwillbebroadcastinDecember2022,willsuggest

thatmuchoftheBiblestorycanbeexplainedbyasinglenatural

disaster,ahugevolcaniceruptionontheGreekislandof

Santoriniinthe16thcenturyBC.

D.Thehour-longdocumentaryarguesthateventhestoryofthe

partingoftheRedSea,whichallowedMosestoleadtheHebrews

tosafetywhilethepursuingEgyptianarmywasdrowned,mayhave

itsoriginsintheeruption.Itrepeatsthetheorythat”Red

Sea“isamistranslationoftheSeaofReeds,amuchshallower

swamp.

E.TheprogrammetellsthestoryofhowMosesledtheHebrews

outofEgyptafteraseriesofplagueshaddevastatedthe

country.Butitalsousesnewscientificresearchtoarguethat

manyoftheeventssurroundingtheexoduscouldhavebeen

triggeredbytheeruption,whichwouldhavebeenathousand

timesmorepowerfulthananuclearbomb.

F.ComputersimulationsshowthattheSantorinieruptioncould

havetriggereda600-ft-hightidalwave,travelingatabout400

milesanhour,whichwouldhavebeen6-ft-highandahundred

mileslongwhenitreachedtheEgyptiandelta.Suchanevent

wouldhavebeenrememberedforgenerations,andmayhave

providedtheinspirationforthestory.

G.FreshevidencethattheBiblicalplaguesandthepartingof

theRedSeawerenaturaleventsratherthanmythsormiracles

istobepresentedinanewBBCdocumentary.

Order:GisthefirstparagraphandFisthelast.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Inthespanof18months,IsaacNewtoninve