牛津譯林版（新）八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit A good read

八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件系列Grammar

Unit4AgoodreadGrammarFocus疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)

狀語(yǔ)

賓補(bǔ)作主語(yǔ)Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1．當(dāng)今掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)真的很重要。2．棄吸煙是對(duì)的。作語(yǔ)Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1．Fred沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以他決定找一份工作。2．他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。作表語(yǔ)MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。2．眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。作定語(yǔ)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1．你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?2．Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth作狀語(yǔ)Hespokeloudly（soas/inorder）tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)Sheaskedmetostaythere.1．她叫我呆在這兒。2．請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.適用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,remember，think,wonder,understand”等。有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如：（1）Icouldnotdecidewhichdictionarytobuy./IcouldnotdecidewhichdictionaryIshouldbuy.

（2）Jackdidnotknowwheretofindsuchagoodteacher./Jackdidnotknowwherehecouldfindsuchagoodteacher.

有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach”等，可以先有個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，然后才接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Haveyoutoldhimwheretogetthe

applicationform?注意A.有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二聽(tīng)）make,have,let（三讓?zhuān)?/p>

see,watch,notice,observe（四看）I

heard

themsingapopsong.Theteacher

mademeanswer

thequestion.Wewatched

themplay

football.注意

B.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecided

nottotakeup

thejob.Theteachertoldus

nottobelate

again.注意C.帶疑問(wèn)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to前加疑問(wèn)詞。Mr.Linwillteachus

howtouse

thecomputer.Canyoutellme

wheretoget

thebook?注意D.作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to

。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernot

to（usemybike）.B:Yes,I’dlove

to（cometoyourparty）.Mary想用我的自行車(chē)，但我叫她別用。AUsingquestionwords+to-infinitivesWecanuseaquestionwordwithato-infinitiveafteraverb.Milliehasdecidedwhattoread.Danieldidnotsaywhototalktoaboutthisbook.Simonforgotwhentomeethisfriends.Kittycannotdecidewhichtochoosefirst.Sandyiswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.Amydoesnotknowhowtowritethereport.Suzywillexplainwhytorecommendthisbook.Suzywillexplainwhysherecommendsthisbook.Allquestionwordscanbeusedinthisway,exceptwhy.×√Wecanuseaverbandanobjectbeforeaquestionwordwithato-infinitive.adviseaskdecidediscussforgetknowlearnremembershowteachthinkunderstandMrWuadviseduswhichtochooseasafter-schoolactivities.Thestudentsaskedtheirteacherwhentohandintheirwork.Millieshoweduswhattodonext.Danieltaughthimselfhowtouseacomputertodraw.Don'tforgettotellyourmumwheretomeetyou.Wecanalsouseanadjectivelikesureorclearbeforeaquestionword.Suzywasnotsurewhotoaskforhelp.Areyouclearwhentomeetatthegatetomorrow?Theyarediscussingwhichcolourtopaintthewalls.Youcanaskyourparentshowmuchmoneyto

takewithyou.Wecanuseanounafterwhat,which,whose,howmanyandhowmuch.askforfind handin read travelwriteabout AboutReadingWeekAmyandDanielaretalkingabouttheirReadingWeek.Completetheirconversation.Usethecorrectquestionwordsandto-infinitives.how what whenwherewhich whoAmy:MrWuhasrecommendedsomanyinterestingbooks.Haveyoudecided

（1）_____________first,Daniel?whichtoreadDaniel:Yes.IwanttoreadBlackBeautyfirst.ButIdon'tknow（2）_______________thebook.Amy:YoucantryourschoollibraryorSunshineLibrary.Oh,didyouknowPeterisreadingAroundtheWorldinEightyDays?Hewantstofindout⑶______________aroundtheworldinsuchashorttime.Daniel:Wow,that'samazing!Bytheway,canyoutellme（4）________________ourbookreport?wheretofindhowtotravelwhentohandinAmy:BeforenextFriday.I'mstillnotsure（5）___________________inthereport.Daniel:Youcanwriteanythingaboutyourbook—whatthebookisabout,whatyouthinkofitandsoon.Youshouldreadsomereviewsaboutthebookbeforewriting.Amy:Thankyou.Anyway,Iknow（6）______________helpwithwriting.MrWuisalwaystheretohelpuswhattowriteaboutwhotoaskforModelverbsmusthavetodon’tneedtodon’thavetoMustsb…?Do/Doessb.haveto…?（必須）（不得不）1．表示義務(wù)、命令或必要，后面接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。

Soldiersmustobeyorders.Wemustkeepourword.2．must用在否定句結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“不允許、禁止”

Hemustnotleavehisroom.Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.must的用法3．must用在一般疑問(wèn)句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto

——MustIhanditinbeforefive?

——No,you_________________________.——Yes,you______________.youneedn’t./don’thavetoyoumusthaveto的用法haveto由have+to組成。因此具有have的各種時(shí)態(tài)。

Heisaninvalidandhastohaveanurse.Sheknewwhatshehadtodo.Ishallhavetoreconsidermyposition.Heisalwayshavingtoexercisejudgment.must和haveto的區(qū)別含義不同：

must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀思想，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人意志和主觀的決心。

haveto側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀條件作用的結(jié)果。

Youmustdoitnow.Ihavetogonow.3．否定含義不同在否定句中,haveto表示不需要，must則表示不允許。Youdon’thavetogothere.Youmustn’tgothere.2．適用時(shí)態(tài)不同must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)（在間接引語(yǔ)中）haveto可用于更多的場(chǎng)合。ShesaidshemustdowellinherEnglish.BUsingmustandhavetoWeusemustandhavetotosaythatitisnecessarytodosomethingHavetohasdifferentforms,hastohadtowillhavetohave/hasgottoTip1mustnot=mustn'tdonothaveto=don’thavetoTip2Weusehavetowhenthesituationmakessomethingnecessary.Ihavetousethemtoreachtheboxonthefridge.Shehastotakeherdaughterfromschoolintheafternoon.Weusemustwhenthespeaker

feelsthatsomethingisnecessary.Imustrunawayfromthem,Gulliverthought.Weusemustnottosaythatsomethingisnotallowed.Youmustnotsmokeinthelibrary.Weusedonothavetotosaythatitisnotnecessarytodosomething.

Wedonothavetogotoschoolatweekends.You（1）______keepquietinthelibrary.You（2）______keepthebookscleanandtidy.You（3）_________draworwriteinthebooks.You（4）________eatordrinkinthelibrar LibraryrulesAmyistellinghercousinShirleysomelibraryrules.Completewhatshesayswithmust,mustnot,havetoordonothaveto.mustmustmustn’tmustn’tYou（5）_______returnthebooksontime.Ifyouwanttokeepthemlonger,you（6）________renewthem.You（7）_____________bringyourstudentcardeverytimeyougotothelibrary,butremembertobringyourlibrarycard.musthavetodon’thaveto同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。Exercise1．Gulliverdidnotknowwherehecouldfindotherpeople.Gulliverdidnotknow_______________otherpeople.2．Gulliverwonderedwhohecouldaskforhelp.Gulliverwondered________________help.wheretofindwhotoaskfor3．Gu