高二英語課時分層作業(yè)Unit4SectionⅠ含解析

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精課時分層作業(yè)（十）SectionⅠ（建議用時：30分鐘)[高考題型練習提能力]Ⅰ．閱讀理解AMotherNatureisacruelmistress．Why?Readontofindtheanswer．VeniceThisiconiccityissinkingrapidly．ThecanalsthatmakeupthestreetsofVenicerise2mmeveryyear,makingrelicsofhistorygounderthesurfaceofwateranddestroyingarchitecture．Expertswarnthatwithoutintervention（干預),thiscitywilldisappearbackintothewateratanevenfasterrate，consumedbyrisingsealevelfrommeltingpolaricecaps．MachuPicchuTheseIncanruinshavedrawnadventuroustouristsintothemountainsofSouthAmerica．Theforcesofnaturalerosionhavebeenacceleratedbytourismandthislandmarkfacessevereinfluencefromincreasingfoottraffic．ThePeruviangovernmentrecentlysuggestedacablecarthatwouldcutouttheintensehikeuptotheruins，makingthesiteinstantlyaccessibletomillions，butthefutureofMachuPicchuremainsuncertain．GlacierPerhapsyou’veheardthattheicecapsaremelting．ButnowhereismoreapparentintheUnitedStatesthaninGlacierNationalPark．Estimatesindicatethattheglaciersthatarepartofthebeautyofthisnationallandmarkwilldisappearentirelyinthenexttwodecades．TheGreatBarrierReefHiddenfromviewbeneaththewaves,theGreatBarrierReefhasbeenrapidlydyingoff．Nearlyfiftypercentofcoralwhichonceoccupiedalargeareaisgone，destroyedbypollutionanddisease．【語篇解讀】本文是應用文，文章主要介紹了世界上瀕臨消失的幾個旅游勝地。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutMachuPicchu?A．Ithasnoconvenienttraffic．B．It'sfamousforcablecars．C．It’swellpreservedbythelocals．D．Itbearsaheavyburdenoftourism．D［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MachuPicchu部分中的“Theforcesofnaturalerosionhavebeenacceleratedbytourismandthislandmarkfacessevereinfluencefromincreasingfoottraffic．”可知,旅游業(yè)給該地帶來了破壞，即帶來了沉重的生存負擔。故選D。］2．Whichplaceprobablyneedsvisitorstodiveintothewatertoenjoyitsbeauty?A．Venice．B．MachuPicchu．C．GlacierNationalPark．D．TheGreatBarrierReef．D［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGreatBarrierReef部分中的“Hiddenfromviewbeneaththewaves"可知,該地可能需要游客潛入水中才能享受其美景。故選D。］3．Whatdotheaboveattractionshaveincommon？A．Theyallhavealonghistory．B．They'reallthreatenedbyclimatechange．C．They’reallindangerofdisappearing．D．They’reallwell。knownfornaturalscenery．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)Venice部分中的“thiscitywilldisappearbackintothewateratanevenfasterrate"，MachuPicchu部分中的“thefutureofMachuPicchuremainsuncertain"，GlacierNationalPark部分中的“theglaciersthatarepartofthebeautyofthisnationallandmarkwilldisappearentirelyinthenexttwodecades”及TheGreatBarrierReef部分中的“theGreatBarrierReefhasbeenrapidlydyingoff”可推知，這幾處旅游勝地的共同點是它們都瀕臨消失。文章第一段的內(nèi)容也是暗示，故選C。]BPollution’sseriouseffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears．Mostscientistsagreethateffortsarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm．Asweknow，theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution．Sogreenbuildingsareingreatneed．Theenvironmentalbenefitsofgreenbuildingsincludetheprotectionofecosystemsandbiodiversity(生物多樣性)，improvedairandwaterquality，lesswasteflowingintostreamsandtheprotectionofnaturalresources．Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality,improvingthehealthofpeoplewholivethere．Theprocessofbuildinggreenhousesincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind．Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw．Inaddition,recycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings，reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialslongdistances．Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize（使減少到最低限度)humaneffectsonthesurroundingenvironment．Forexample，placingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes（微風）andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses．Moreenergyandexpensesareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell，soitisimportanttobuildthesmallones．Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts．Theseroofsarepartiallyorcompletelycoveredwithplants，whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcostslow，preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants．Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterprotection，recyclingandwastereduction．Inaddition，renewableenergysourcessuchassolarpower，waterpowerandwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity，whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheinfluenceontheenvironment．【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了綠色建筑的優(yōu)勢和特色。4．Whatcanweknowaboutgreenbuildings?A．Producingnowaste．B．Onlyusingcleanenergy．C．Beingmadeofnewmaterials．D．Beingenvironment.friendly．D[推理判斷題.根據(jù)對全文的整體理解特別是第三段的內(nèi)容可推知，綠色建筑整體上是環(huán)保的，故選D.］5．Whatisagreenbuildingprobablylikeaccordingtothefifthparagraph?A．Large． B．Small．C．Green． D．Low．B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Moreenergyandexpensesareneededforlargerbuildingaswell，soitisimportanttobuildthesmallones”可推知，綠色建筑應該傾向于小型建筑，而非高樓大廈,故選B。］6．Whatisthepurposeofusinggreenroofs?A．Tofittheenvironment．B．Tokeepwarm．C．Tocollectnaturewater．D．Toreducecosts．D［細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts"可知,綠色屋頂可以降低能源使用和成本，故選D。]7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Promotingenergyefficiency．B．Environmentalbenefits．C．Greenbuildings．D．Ecosystemsandbiodiversity．C［主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的關鍵詞“greenbuildings”和對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講的是綠色建筑,故選C。]Ⅱ．閱讀七選五Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？1Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts．CleanthetoiletwithCoke．It'samazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner．2You'llsaveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsavemoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners．Poursomecolaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours．Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!Removewaterstainswithorangepeels．You’vejusteatenanorange．3Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels．Youcanusetheskinstocleanstainlesssteel．Yourapplianceswillshineagainafteryourub（擦)themwiththeskins．Thepeelscaneasilymakethosestubbornstainsdisappearinasecond．Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture．Expertsclaimthatbananapeelsaregreatforpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs．Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask．4Afterwards，removetheleftoverwithacloth．Thistrickissimpleandcheap．Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnewagain．5Whywouldyouwanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon。toxic（無毒的)?Justpour2litersofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl．Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalfateaspoonofdishwashingliquid．Shakethebowlandthenfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture．Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors．Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny．A．Waitaminute!B．Makeyourownglasscleaner．C．Followthestepsgivenbelow．D．Ofcourseyouransweris“yes”．E．Theyleavenomarksorscratches．F．Insteadofdrinkingit，useittocleanthetoiletbowl．G．Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。想生活在一個干凈的生活環(huán)境中、讓一切光潔發(fā)亮嗎？那就按照以下步驟來做吧。無須購買昂貴的清潔用品,只需要一些小妙招。1．C[根據(jù)空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？”和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts．”以及接下來列舉的幾條小妙招可知,C項“跟著以下步驟做"能起到承上啟下的作用.］2．F［本段講的是用可樂清潔廁所,故F項“不是喝掉可樂，而是用之清潔馬桶”符合語境.]3．A[根據(jù)下文中的“Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels．”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮,你可以用之清理不銹鋼。所以選A.]4．E［根據(jù)上文中的“Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask．”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材質(zhì)也非常適合擦拭皮質(zhì),不會留下污痕或劃痕.所以選E.]5．B[根據(jù)下文中的“youcanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(無毒的)．．．"“Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors．Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny．”可知，本段講的是如何自制玻璃清潔劑,故B項符合語境。]Ⅲ．語法填空GlobalwarmingreferstothefactthattheEarth'satmosphereiswarmingnear1．(it)surface—inotherwords,it'sgettinghotter．Somescientistssayitishumanactivity2．hascausedglobalwarming．However，thereareothertheoriesaswell．Onepopulartheoryrelatestothe“greenhouseeffect"．Gasesthatmakeuptheatmospherearesimilarto3．greenhousebecausetheyallowsunlight4．(pass)through，andthentrapmuchoftheheatfrom5．（escape)．Thisnaturallyoccurringphenomenon，which6．（call）greenhousewarming,keepstheearth’ssurface7．（warm）thanitwouldbe．Whilescientistsagreethathumanproducedcompounds（化合物）likecarbondioxideandothersar