人教課標高二選修8Unit5

Unit5Meetingyourancestors單詞名詞指物：mat,sharpener,seashell,album,onion,skateboard,spear,quilt,yogurt,melon,hammer其它：alternative,starvation,accuracy,beast,centimetre,analysis,category,significance,academy,kindergarten,receptionist,botany,division,scratch,radioactivity,wrinkle,punctuation

動詞interrupt,assume,sharpen,ripen,spit,delete,pulse,applaud,howl,accelerate,arrest形容詞tentative,dizzy,acute,ample,messy,primitive,gay,botanical,systematic,radioactive,skilful

副詞regardless,somehow,gaily知識歸納短語詞匯表regardlessof,atmost,cutup,fedupwith,lookahead,dateback課文中showsb.around,scareaway,keepoutthecold,careabout,makefire,lieinwaitforsb.句式ifonly用在虛擬語氣中,用以表達強烈的愿望或非真實條件e.g.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!語法復習動詞時態(tài)1.____________n.可能的選擇

adj.供選擇的;其他的2.____________n.挨餓;餓死3.____________adj.有觀察力的;敏銳的;

嚴重的;深刻的4.____________vt.假定;設想5.____________adv.不管;不顧6.____________adj.足夠的;充足的;富裕的starvationassumeregardlessamplealternativeacute(一)基本單詞知識清單7.____________adj.凌亂的;臟的8.____________n.

植物學10.___________vt.刪;刪除11.___________n.痕跡;搔;撓

vt.抓;擦傷;刮壞12.___________n.幼兒園13.___________vt.逮捕;吸引

n.逮捕;拘留botanymessydeletekindergartenscratcharrest14.primitiveadj._______________________15.analysisn.__________________16.significancen.__________________17.academyn._____________________18.yogurtn.__________________19.wrinklen.___________________20.applaudvi.__________________21.acceleratevi.vt.__________________原始的;遠古的;簡陋的分析意義;意思;重要性學院;學會;學術(shù)團體酸奶;酸乳酪皺紋鼓掌歡迎;贊賞加速;促進1.

accuracy

n.精確;準確

___________adj.精確的;準確的

___________adv.精確地;準確地

___________n.錯誤inaccuracyaccurateaccurately(二)派生單詞2.

interrupt

v.

打斷……(講話);打岔;

暫時中止或中斷

_____________n.

中止,中斷;阻攔物,

障礙物

_____________n.打斷者,阻礙者

__________________[搭配]不中斷地withoutinterruptioninterruptioninterrupter3.sharpadj.鋒利的;尖銳的;急劇的

__________adv.銳利地;急劇地

__________n.銳利

__________v.削尖;(使)尖銳

__________n.削具;磨具sharpenersharplysharpnesssharpen4.skill

n.技巧;熟練

__________adj.有技巧的;熟練的

__________adv.巧妙地,技術(shù)好的

__________adj.有能力的,熟練的skilledskillfulskillfully1.不顧;不管________________2.遭受;患……病;受……苦

________________3.把……和……對比________________4.帶某人到處參觀_________________5.對……感興趣__________________regardlessofsufferfromcompare...with...showsb.roundbeinterestedin(三)短語6.御寒;擋住寒氣_________________7.最多;至多_________________8.切碎_________________9.向前看;為將來打算____________10.追溯到________________11.在乎;擔心_________________keepoutthecoldatmostcutupdatebackcareaboutlookahead12.lookverymuchlike______________13.usedtodo______________14.gatherforreunions______________15.lieinwait(forsb.)_____________________16.becomedizzywithhunger______________看起來很像過去常做團聚隱蔽靜候以出人不意餓得頭昏眼花17.scoopup_____________18.pullout_____________19.withrelief_____________20.nowandthen_____________21.one’sspiritsrise__________________某人的情緒高漲起來摟起來拖出來寬慰地不時地1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!

她今年要是早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了。

ifonly用在虛擬語氣中,用以表達強烈的愿望或非真實條件。(四)句式2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.

突然間她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來。

onlytodo/be(結(jié)果)卻……3.

We

have

been

excavating

layers

of

ash

almost

six

metres

thick,

which

suggests

that

they

might

have

kept

the

fire

burning

all

winter.

我們一直在挖一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。

have

been

excavating現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.alternative

n.可能的選擇

adj.供選擇的;其他的課文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？你能想到我們今天使用的替代品嗎？

【歸納】

havenoalternativebuttodosth.

別無選擇只好做某事核心要點(一)單詞

there’snoalternative...別無選擇

analternativeto...……的替代品【點撥】

表示“別無選擇,只得……”的表達方式還有：

havenochoicebuttodo;can’tchoosebutdo;can’t(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】

alternativelyadv.可供選擇地用所給動詞的適當形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hehadnochoicebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hecoulddonothingbut______thathewaswrong.

他除了承認他錯了別無選擇。toadmittoadmitadmit2.interrupt

vt.&vi.

打斷……講話;打岔;

暫時中斷或中止課文原句：I’msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere？對不起,打斷了你的講話。請問他們怎么能夠住在這個地方呢？

【歸納】

interrupt

(sb./sth.)

(with

sth.)

打斷(某人)講話;打岔;打擾

【拓展】

interruption

n.

打擾;插嘴;阻隔物

withoutinterruption連續(xù)地,不斷地interrupt打斷,中斷他人的語言或行為,使其不能繼續(xù)。disturb擾亂,使人不能平衡或者擾亂別人工作、思維或正常秩序,是程度較深的煩惱。

bother

擾亂某人心緒而使人不能專心或?qū)Ｒ弧nterrupt/disturb/bother選擇interrupt,disturb,bother的正確形式填空。

1)

She

was

_________

to

hear

of

your

illness.

2)

I’m

sorry

to

_________

the

meeting,

but

there

is

an

urgent

long-distance

call

forMr.

Zhou.

disturbed

interrupt

3)Don’t

_______

yourself

too

muchabout

me.

4)

We

_______________

in

the

middle

of

our

conversation.

bother

were

interrupted3.assume

vt.假定;設想課文原句:

Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.

因此,我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒,就住在這些洞穴里。

【歸納】

assumesb./sth.tobe

假定/假設某人/某事為

assumethat...設想……,假定……Itisassumedthat...……被認為【拓展】

assumptionn.假定,假設,設想

makeanassumption認為,假定

ontheassumptionthat假定【運用】1)__________(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?

假如下雨的話,我們該怎么辦？2)____________thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.

人們認為網(wǎng)上購物是不完美的。AssumingItisassumed4.significance

n.意義;意思;重要性;重要意義課文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.

他所在的大學知道他的工作的重要性。

【歸納】

thesignificanceof...……的重要性/含義

beof(great)significance

有(重大)意義/(非常)重要

beofnosignificance無意義/不重要

beoflittlesignificance不太重要【拓展】

significantadj.有(重大)意義/(非常)重要【運用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkit’s______nosignificance.

他們改變了計劃十分奇怪,但我覺得沒什么意義。

2)Iattach_________________tothismatter.

我很重視這件事。ofmuchsignificance5.somehow

adv.以……方式,不知怎么地,

不知為什么課文原句:

SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.

不管怎么說,他騎車三十英里去向布萊克博士報告。因為在當時沒有其他的交通工具。必會anyhow無論如何anyway無論如何;不管怎樣somewhat有點兒;有幾分;頗為somehoworother不知是什么原因;由于某種原因;以某種方式6.applaud

vt.

鼓掌,稱贊,贊成

課文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.

當族人為大胡的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時候,她覺得非常自豪。

【歸納】

applaud

sb.

for

sth.

因某事而贊揚某人

applaud

the

decision贊成某個決定

【拓展】

applause

n.

鼓掌歡迎,歡呼7.arrest

vt.逮捕;吸引

n.逮捕;拘留

課文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.

快到目的地的時候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來。

【歸納】

arrestsb.for因……逮捕某人

getarrested遭逮捕

arrestone’sattention引起注意

underarrest被捕makeanarrest進行拘捕【運用】1)Hewasthefirst_______________drunkdriving.

他是第一個因醉駕而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_________theworld’sattention.

美國的新大選吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter___________________andweallstaredather.

她的笑聲吸引了我們的注意,我們都盯著她看。tobearrestedforarrestedarrestedourattention1.regardless

of

不管;不顧(側(cè)重指不計后果和代價)

regardless

of/despite/in

spite

of

regardless

of...強調(diào)不認為……重要,從而不加以重視或考慮;而despite和in

spite

of有“盡管……但是”之意。(二)短語regardless

of

后可接whether,what引導的從句,而in

spite

of和despite后不可接從句,接名詞、代詞或動名詞。【運用】______________heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.無論他是對還是錯,我們必須遵守他的決定。Regardlessof2.befedupwith

受夠了;飽受;厭煩

課文原句:Well,I’m

fedupwithalltheattentionand…

噢,我對這些關(guān)注感到厭煩，……必會feed...on/with用……來喂feed...to...把……喂給……feedon＝liveon(牛、馬等)吃東西;

以……為食【運用】

1)Well,I’m________________(厭煩)alltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_________(以……為食)plantsorotheranimals.3)You’dbetter_________________________________(把這些新鮮的蔬菜喂給)thelittleboy.fedupwithfeedonfeedthesefreshvegetablesto3.lookahead向前看;為將來打算

課文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!

她今年要是早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了！

【歸納】

lookat查看;思考,考慮;研究

lookafter照看,照顧

lookawayfrom把目光從……移開

lookaround參觀,四處看看,環(huán)顧

lookback回顧過去

lookbackoverone’sshoulder回頭看lookdownupon/on蔑視,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,欽佩lookforwardto期望,期待,盼望lookinto調(diào)查looklike看起來像……lookon...as把……看作lookout小心,當心lookout小心,當心looksb.intheeye注視某人,直視某人lookthrough瀏覽,翻閱,審閱lookup查閱(詞或資料)looksb.upanddown上下打量某人4.datebackto=datefrom(+時間點)

追溯到,從……就有

課文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.

所有物品都來自三星堆遺址,它們能追溯到

3000至5000年前。

這個短語一般不用于被動語態(tài),也不用于進行時態(tài)。但做后置定語時,常用現(xiàn)在分詞?！具\用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_____________the16thcentury.

這是一棟可追溯至16世紀的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,which__________asearlyas800yearsago.

每天都有許多游客在這座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。datingbacktodatesfrom1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!

她今年要是早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了。

if

only…表示“要是……就好了/但愿……。(三)句式謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,表示與過去、現(xiàn)在和將來事實相反的愿望。if

only...could/would/might＋do...表示對將來事情的愿望(不用should)。

if

only...did...表示對與目前或現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望。if

only...had

done...表示對與過去事實相反的愿望。【運用】1)IfonlyI_____________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice!

要是我聽從了醫(yī)生的建議該多好啊！2)Ifonlywe__________(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.

我們明年要是有機會去西藏工作就好了。hadfollowedcouldhaveif

only用來表達愿望,“但愿……,要是……就好了”,句中謂語動詞要用虛擬,表達強烈的愿望或遺憾。

only

if由副詞only和從屬連詞if組合而成,only僅起強調(diào)作用,“只有”,引導條件狀語從句,不用虛擬語氣。若其引導的從句置于句首,且與主語間沒有逗號隔開,則主句用倒裝語序。

if

only/only

if

e.g.If

only

we

could

afford

to

buy

a

place

of

our

own.

OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywill

I

come.2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.

突然間她坐了下去,結(jié)果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了過來。

onlytodo/be(結(jié)果)卻……

不定式短語用作結(jié)果狀語,表示意料之外或不符合說話人期望的結(jié)果。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也常常在不定式前加上only來強調(diào)驚訝與失望。3.

We

have

been

excavating

layers

of

ash

almost

six

metres

thick,which

suggests

that

they

might

have

kept

the

fire

burning

all

winter.

我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。

have

been

excavating現(xiàn)在完成進行時

表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。

現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示已經(jīng)完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示還沒完成還要延續(xù)下去或者剛剛完成。如：

They

have

built

a

house.

(完成)

They

have

been

building

a

house.

(尚未完成)4.

Our

evidence

suggests

they

did

indeed

wear

clothes

made

form

animal

skins.

我們的證據(jù)表明他們確實穿了用動物皮做成的衣服。

suggest最常用有兩個意思：

1)提議;提出;建議,后接動詞要用動詞的ing形式,后接賓語從句時,從句用虛擬語氣(“should+動詞原形”,should常省略)。后接賓語從句要用虛擬語氣的詞可記為：一個堅持：insist

二個命令：command,

order

四個建議:advise,

suggest,

recommend,

propose四個要求：ask,

demand,

request,

require

2)表明,顯示,暗示;顯出,后接賓語從句(不用虛擬語氣)。現(xiàn)在完成進行時語法總結(jié)例句構(gòu)成have/has+been+動詞-ing形式TomhasbeenwatchingTVprogrammessinceseveno'clockthisevening.Ihavebeenworkinghereforfiveyears.總結(jié)例句用法表示一個由過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(可能剛結(jié)束，也可能還要進行下去)。I'vebeendoingmyhouseworkallmorningandI'vejustfinishedit.Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?有時表示動作的重復。I'vebeenusingthistypewriterforsixyears.有時帶有感情色彩。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday!總結(jié)例句常搭配的時間狀語

表示一個由過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(可能剛結(jié)束，也可能還要進行下去)。I'vebeendoingmyhouseworkallmorningandI'vejustfinishedit.Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?【拓展】現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,主要有三個特點：1.未完結(jié)性?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則常常具有未完成含義。2.短暫性?，F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但是現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常表示短暫性。如：

TheyhavelivedinNewYork.

（長期性）

TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暫性）3.連續(xù)性或重復性。現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復性動作。如：

I’vebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybody’sin.【即學即練】選出可填入空白處的最佳選項。1.We_________________(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.

2.Joseph_____________(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.3.I’mtiredout.I_________________(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.

havebeenworkinghasbeengoinghavebeenshopping4.—Jack,youlooksotired!

—Well,I__________________(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.

5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_________________(havebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_______________(arecoming/havebeencoming)aroundallthetime.havebeenpaintinghavebeencoughinghavebeencoming如何介紹文物古跡寫作【寫作任務】某英文報的“CulturalRelics”欄目正面向中學生征文。請根據(jù)提示信息，用英語寫一篇短文介紹莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中國西部甘肅省敦煌市東南；2.始建于公元366年,后不斷增補直至元代;3.現(xiàn)存洞窟492個,壁畫(mural)約45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415尊,展示了四到十四世紀偉大的佛教(Buddhist)藝術(shù)成就；4.1987年被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫?！緦懽髦笇А恳?、審題定調(diào)

本寫作任務要求介紹莫高窟，體裁屬于說明文，故語言要簡潔、準確、條理清楚又要突出特色。時態(tài)多用一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱以第三人稱為主。二、謀篇布局本寫作可分為三部分：第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時間；第二部分：描寫其規(guī)模；第三部分：說明其地位及影響。三、就本寫作而言,可圍繞以下內(nèi)容組織語言。1.第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時間。普通表達高級表達TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistoryDatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyaccomplishedintheYuanDynasty.2.第二部分：描寫其規(guī)模。普通表達高級表達Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.Theyshowthegreat/fineachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Theyrepresenttheremarkable/outstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.3.第三部分：說明其地位及影響。普通表達高級表達Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethisoldmysteriousplace.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.【參考范文】

?普通范文?

TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethisoldmysteriousplace.?高級范文?

LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyaccomplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.鞏固練習I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents________(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The________(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto________(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit________(mess)you'llneedtowearoldclothes.ripensharpenaccuracy

messy5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider__________(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)________(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew________(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof___________(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)___________(system)way.systematicsignificanceanalysis

botanical

starvationII.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1.—Howdidyoubreakyourarm?—IslippedontheicewhileI___________(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe________(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun________________(shine).willbewascrossing

wakeshining3.—Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!—I_________________(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.

BythetimeBill_______(go)tobedtomorrow,he____________(