陜西省商洛市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題（ 含答案解析 ）

商洛市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Salesmanandcustomer.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Havearest.B.Dancewiththeman.C.Practicedancingforanotherhour.3Whattimedoesthewoman’swatchshow?A.7:50.B.7:30.C.7:20.4.Whowillgobackhomelatetonight?A.Thekids.B.Theman.C.Thewoman.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heisveryfull.B.Hedislikesthefood.C.Hewantstocontrolweight.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhatdoesMikemostlyplay?A.Centerback.B.Leftback.C.Rightwing.7.Whydoesthewomanaskaboutafootballplayer?A.Sheplanstolearnfootball.B.Shewillplayafootballgame.C.Sheispreparingforschoolwork.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatwaswrongwiththewoman’scar?A.Itsbatterywasflat.B.Itspetrolwasusedup.C.Itwastoooldtodrive.9.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Buyanewcar.B.Rechargethebatteryathome.C.Returnthebatterytotheshop.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Wherewillthemanbeat11:00thismorning?A.Attheoffice.B.Attheairport.C.Attherestaurant.11.Whatwillthemanprobablybedoingat2:00thisafternoon?A.Receivingaguest.B.Havingameeting.C.Readingareport.12.Whenwillthewomanseetheman?A.Tomorrowmorning.B.Thisafternoon.C.Thisnoon.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whoisthewomanprobably?A.Abankmanager.B.Arestaurantowner.C.Alandagent.14.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Tosave$40,000.B.Toanswerquestions.C.Toborrowsomemoney.15.Wheredoesthemanintendtosetuphisbusiness?A.InLincolnRoad.B.Nexttothebank.C.Inhisgrandmother’shouse.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisamustforthemantosetuphisbusiness?A.Thelocation.B.Hisfutureplans.C.Enoughcustomers.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatkindofpeopleare“earlybirds”?AThosewhogetupat10:30am.B.Thosewhogotobedaround9:30pm.C.Thosewhogotobedaround11:00pm.18.Whendomostteenagersgotobed?A.Around9:00pm.B.Around10:00pm.C.Aroundmidnightorlater.19.Howmanyteenagerscansleepenoughaccordingtothetext?A.One-fifth.B.Two-fifths.C.One-fourth.20Whatdoweknowaboutnightowlsfromthetext?A.Theygetgoodgradesatschool.B.Theygetworsejobsthanearlybirds.C.Theydobetteronsomeintelligencetests.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANorthernCaliforniaholdsaspecialplaceintheheartsofallhikerswhohaveexperiencedthisspecialportionofthecountry.Readontochooseyourbestpotentialhike.LassenPeakTrailDon’tletthedistancefoolyou.The5-mileround-tripLassenPeakTrailinLassenVolcanicNationalParkishotandrocky,notsuitableforpeopleinpoorhealth,especiallywithweakhearts.HikerswillgainaverygreatheightastheyreachthetopofLassenPeak.ThoughMountLassenlasteruptedinthe20thcentury,thevolcanohereisstilltechnicallyactive.YosemiteFallsTrailThehikealongYosemiteFallsTrailoffersamazingviewsofthefallsandthesurroundingvalley.Thefallsarenothingshortofbreathtakingastheyrisemorethan2,000feetabovethevalleyfloor,makingitthehighestfallsinNorthAmerica.Comehereinthespringmonthstorelaxandseethem.StoutMemorialGrove(小樹(shù)林)TrailThistrailisanabsolutefavoriteamongphotographersthankstoitssimpleaccessibilityandtheflatgroveofwell-litpreciousredwoods.Italsofeaturesbrightgreenplants,fallentrunksandplentyofspotstorelaxamongtalloldtrees.Althoughthishikeisshort,itusuallydoesn’tgettoobusy.Arriveearlytosecureaspaceasparkingislimited.Founders’GroveNatureTrailLocatedinHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkinSouthernHumboldtCounty,thetrailtakesvisitorstooneofthemostbelovedvaluablecoastalredwoodgrovesinCalifornia.ThefamedAvenueofGiantscutsthroughthegroveatthecenterofaneasyhalf-mile-longloopthat’swell-markedandwell-maintained,perfectforfamiliesandhikingbeginners.1.Whichtrailisthemostphysicallydemanding?A.LassenPeakTrail. B.YosemiteFallsTrail.C.StoutMemorialGroveTrail. D.Founders’GroveNatureTrail.2.WhyaretouristsrecommendedtocometoYosemiteinspring?A.Totakephotosofplants. B.Toseevolcanoes.C.Toenjoythehighwaterfall. D.Tocampinthevalley.3.Whatdothelasttwotrailsfeature?A.Famedavenues. B.Freeparkinglots.C.Theraretreespecies. D.Thehalf-mile-longhiking.【答案】1A2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了北加州在所有經(jīng)歷過(guò)這個(gè)國(guó)家特殊地區(qū)的徒步旅行者心中占有特殊的地位。文章重點(diǎn)介紹了幾個(gè)最適合你的徒步旅行的線路。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LassenPeakTrail中“The5-mileround-tripLassenPeakTrailinLassenVolcanicNationalParkishotandrocky,notsuitableforpeopleinpoorhealth,especiallywithweakhearts.”（拉森火山國(guó)家公園的拉森峰步道往返5英里，天氣炎熱，巖石多，不適合身體不好的人，尤其是心臟虛弱的人。）可知，拉森峰步道是需要體力的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YosemiteFallsTrail中“Thefallsarenothingshortofbreathtakingastheyrisemorethan2,000feetabovethevalleyfloor,makingitthehighestfallsinNorthAmerica.Comehereinthespringmonthstorelaxandseethem.”（瀑布高出谷底2000多英尺，令人嘆為觀止，是北美最高的瀑布。春天來(lái)這里放松一下，看看它們。）可知，建議游客在春天來(lái)約塞米蒂是因?yàn)榭梢孕蕾p到高高的瀑布。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章StoutMemorialGrove(小樹(shù)林)Trail中“Thistrailisanabsolutefavoriteamongphotographersthankstoitssimpleaccessibilityandtheflatgroveofwell-litpreciousredwoods.”（這條小路絕對(duì)是攝影師們的最?lèi)?ài)，因?yàn)樗苋菀椎竭_(dá)，而且平坦的樹(shù)林里有明亮的珍貴紅杉。）以及LocatedinHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkinSouthernHumboldtCounty,thetrailtakesvisitorstooneofthemostbelovedvaluablecoastalredwoodgrovesinCalifornia.”（這條小徑位于洪堡縣南部的洪堡紅杉州立公園，將游客帶到加州最受歡迎的珍貴海岸紅杉林之一。）可知，最后兩條路線的特點(diǎn)是以稀有樹(shù)種為特色。故選C項(xiàng)。BIanHappisaprofessionalbaseballplayerforabaseballteamintheUnitedStates.Whenhefirststartedplayingwiththeteamin2017,hewaslookingforpicturestohanginhishome.AnideaandanunlikelypartnershipwithaBritishartistcamefromthatsimpledesire.HappwantedtoshowWrigleyField,theteam’sballpark,fromadifferentartisticvision.HesaidthatmanybaseballfanshadbeentoWrigleyFieldbuthadneverseenwhattheballparklookedlike,fromthefield.Hethoughtlookingupfromthefieldwassuchacoolexperiencethatheintendedtobringthattomorefans.So,fromhispointofview,helettheBritishartistPatrickValecreatethreelargedrawingsofWrigleyField.Insteadofhavingpictureshunginhishome,thepartnershipledtosomethingquitedifferent.Happ’sviewsofWrigleyFieldbecametheproject,ThroughMyEyes,inwhichfanscouldpurchaseprints.Themoneymadeinthiswaywenttowardthosepeopleinneed.ThedrawingsbyValebecameSeeWhatISee,anexhibitionataChicago’sgallery.Theshowlastedaperiodoftime.HappeverbroughtValetoChicagoinSeptemberof2018andshowedhimaroundWrigleyField.Valeknewlittleaboutthesportofbaseball.ButheunderstoodtheconnectionfanshadwithWrigleyField.HapphadtoexplaintoValetheimportanceofthe400-footsigninthecenterfieldandthefamousmanualscoreboard.Hehadtoteachhimthecorrectpositioningoftheplayers.Healsoexplainedwhatitfeltlikestandinginthefieldunderthebrightlightswithaloudcrowd.Valetookpicturesandusedthemtohelphimcreatedrawingsingreatdetail.HewasverymodestandwouldsendroughdrawingstoHapp,whowouldmarkthemupinredink,likeateacher,withsuggestions.Itwasinthiswaythattheircooperationwassosuccessful.4.WhatdidHappaskValetodo?A.Jointhebaseballteam.B.Findadifferentbaseballfield.C.Createthreepicturesofhishome.D.Drawaccordingtohisownperspectives.5.WhatisthemainpurposeofThroughMyEyes?A.Toholdanexhibition. B.Todocharity.C.Toattractbaseballfans. D.Topromotetheprintingtrade.6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.WhatValeexplainedtoHapp.B.HowValecorrectedHapp’smistakes.C.WhatHappandValefeltaboutthefield.D.HowHappintroducedValeaboutWrigleyfield.7.WhichwordcanbestdescribeVale?A.Humble. B.Humorous. C.Casual. D.Conventional.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述美國(guó)棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員IanHapp和英國(guó)藝術(shù)家PatrickVale合作，畫(huà)出棒球手眼里的球場(chǎng)，并促成了ThroughMyEyes項(xiàng)目來(lái)做慈善?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“So,fromhispointofview,helettheBritishartistPatrickValecreatethreelargedrawingsofWrigleyField.(因此，他讓英國(guó)藝術(shù)家PatrickVale從他的角度來(lái)看，創(chuàng)作了三幅瑞格利球場(chǎng)的大型素描)”可知，Happ讓Vale畫(huà)出從球場(chǎng)上看棒球場(chǎng)的樣子，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Happ’sviewsofWrigleyFieldbecametheproject,ThroughMyEyes,inwhichfanscouldpurchaseprints.Themoneymadeinthiswaywenttowardthosepeopleinneed.(Happ看瑞格利球場(chǎng)的視野成為了ThroughMyEyes這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，球迷可以在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中購(gòu)買(mǎi)印刷品。通過(guò)這種方式賺到的錢(qián)都捐給了那些需要幫助的人)”可知，ThroughMyEyes項(xiàng)目的目的是做慈善，故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，尤其是“HapphadtoexplaintoValetheimportanceofthe400-footsigninthecenterfieldandthefamousmanualscoreboard.Hehadtoteachhimthecorrectpositioningoftheplayers.Healsoexplainedwhatitfeltlikestandinginthefieldunderthebrightlightswithaloudcrowd.(Happ不得不向Vale解釋中場(chǎng)400英尺的標(biāo)志和著名的手動(dòng)計(jì)分板的重要性。他必須教他正確的球員位置。他還解釋了站在明亮的燈光下和喧鬧的人群在一起的感覺(jué))”可知，本段主要講述Happ如何向Vale介紹瑞格利球場(chǎng)，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“HewasverymodestandwouldsendroughdrawingstoHapp,whowouldmarkthemupinredink,likeateacher,withsuggestions.(他很謙虛，會(huì)把畫(huà)得很粗糙的畫(huà)寄給Happ，Happ會(huì)像老師一樣，用紅墨水在畫(huà)上做記號(hào)，并提出建議)”可知，Vale很謙虛，故選A。COrigami(折紙工藝)isnowpushingthelimitsofwhatscientiststhinkispossible,particularlyatthetiniestofscales.IknowMiskin,anelectricalengineeratUniversityofPennsylvania.Heandhisstudentshavebeenusingacleanroomtomakeanarmyofrobotsnobiggerthandust.Suchtinyrobotsrequirebigcreativity.That’swhereorigamicomesin.Foldpatternswillbendandmovethesamewayatanysize,atleasttheoretically.Createdbyusingthesametechniquesasthecomputerchipindustry,Miskin’srobotslooklikepiecesoffatwitharmsandlegs.Whentherobotsareexposedtoelectricity,theirarmsandlegsbendeasily,helpingthemwalkthroughadroponaglassslide.Miskinseesaworldofpossiblewaysthesetinyrobotscanbeused,fromindustry,tourism,servicetootherfields.Indeed,theartform,origami,holdsparticularpromiseformanyfields.Forexample,Rus,anAIengineerdevelopedarobotthatcanfoldtofitintoapillcapsule.Afterthecapsuleisswallowed,therobotunfoldsandcanbedirectedaroundthedigestivesystemusingprogrammablemagneticfields.Aninitialtestdemonstratedonepossibleuse:removingtheswallowedbuttonbatteriesfromthestomach,apotentiallydeadlyconditionexperiencedbythousandsofchildreneachyear.“Justimagineusingittorepairawound,”Russays.“We’llseeafutureofsurgerieswithnopainandnoriskofinfection.”Thesetypesofbigdreamsarewhereorigamiseemstohelpscienceflourishmost.Origamihasprovideddnewtooltofiretheimaginationandcreatetechnologiesoncethoughtimpossible,includingaboatthatfoldsdowntobesmallenoughtofitinacar’strunk.Onabrightfallafternoon,ItookmyboatforaspinonVirginia’sLakeAccotink.Theplasticsuitcasedrewcuriouslooksfrompassers-byasIunfoldedit.Perhapsoneday,foldingformswillbeconsideredprosaic.Butfornow,origamiwillcontinuetosparkwonderandexcitementasitpushesscience,medicineandtechnologyintothefutureandkeepsmeafloatasIleavethelakeshore.8.WhatareMiskin’srobotslike?A.Flexible. B.Transparent. C.Awkward. D.Fragile.9.WhichfieldisRus’srobotusedin?A.Art. B.Industry. C.Medicine. D.Tourism.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prosaic”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Fancy. B.Thrilling. C.Strange. D.Ordinary.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Robots:TakingonVarietiesofArtFormsB.Origami:BeingAppliedintheFieldofArtC.Origami:RevolutionizingScienceandTechnologyD.Robots:BeingPoweredbyElectricityandBatteries【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述折紙工藝激發(fā)了人們的想象力和創(chuàng)造力，將科學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)推向未來(lái)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whentherobotsareexposedtoelectricity,theirarmsandlegsbendeasily,helpingthemwalkthroughadroponaglassslide.(當(dāng)機(jī)器人接觸到電流時(shí)，它們的胳膊和腿很容易彎曲，幫助它們?cè)诓ＡЩ萆闲凶?”可知，Miskin的機(jī)器人很靈活。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Aninitialtestdemonstratedonepossibleuse:removingtheswallowedbuttonbatteriesfromthestomach,apotentiallydeadlyconditionexperiencedbythousandsofchildreneachyear.‘Justimagineusingittorepairawound,’Russays.“We’llseeafutureofsurgerieswithnopainandnoriskofinfection.’(最初的測(cè)試顯示了一種可能的用途：將吞下的紐扣電池從胃中取出，這是每年成千上萬(wàn)的兒童經(jīng)歷的潛在致命疾病?！胂笠幌掠盟鼇?lái)修復(fù)傷口，’Rus說(shuō)?！覀儗⒖吹轿磥?lái)的手術(shù)沒(méi)有疼痛，也沒(méi)有感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?”可知，Rus的機(jī)器人被用于醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下一句“Butfornow,origamiwillcontinuetosparkwonderandexcitementasitpushesscience,medicineandtechnologyintothefutureandkeepsmeafloatasIleavethelakeshore.(但就目前而言，折紙工藝將繼續(xù)激發(fā)奇跡和興奮，因?yàn)樗鼘⒖茖W(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)推向未來(lái)，并讓我在離開(kāi)湖岸時(shí)保持漂浮)”可知，目前折紙工藝將繼續(xù)激發(fā)奇跡和興奮，劃線詞所在句與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可推出此處意為“也許有一天，折紙工藝會(huì)被認(rèn)為是平淡無(wú)奇的”，prosaic意為“平淡的”。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Origami(折紙工藝)

isnowpushingthelimitsofwhatscientiststhinkispossible,particularlyatthetiniestofscales.(折紙工藝現(xiàn)在正在挑戰(zhàn)科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為可能的極限，尤其是在最小的尺度上)”和最后一段中“Butfornow,origamiwillcontinuetosparkwonderandexcitementasitpushesscience,medicineandtechnologyintothefutureandkeepsmeafloatasIleavethelakeshore.(但就目前而言，折紙工藝將繼續(xù)激發(fā)奇跡和興奮，因?yàn)樗鼘⒖茖W(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)推向未來(lái)，并讓我在離開(kāi)湖岸時(shí)保持漂浮)”可知，文章主要講述折紙工藝激發(fā)了人們的想象力和創(chuàng)造力，將科學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)推向未來(lái)。C項(xiàng)“折紙工藝：使科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)生革命性變化”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。DForsomeantqueens,thesecrettolonglifemightbeaself-producedinsulin(胰島素)blocker.Antqueensarefamouslylong-livedeventhoughtheyshouldn’tbe.Generally,animalsthatputlotsofenergyintoreproductionsacrificesometimeofftheirlife.Butantqueensproducemillionsofeggsandliveanextraordinarilylongtimecomparedwithworkerantsthatdon’treproduce.Now,researchershaveshownhowoneantspeciespullsoffthisanti-aginggreatwork.Whenqueensofthespecies,Harpegnathossaltator(跳躍蟻),arepreparedtoreproduce,apartofwhatiscalledtheinsulinsignalingpathwaygetsblocked,slowingaging.Inararebehaviorforants,whenaqueenH.saltatordies,somefemaleworkersbegincompetinginfightsforthechancetoreplaceher.Thesehopefulroyalsstartlayingeggsandthenchangeintoqueen-likeformscalledgamergates(雌工蟲(chóng)).Whenaworkerchangestoagamergate,herlifelengthbecomesfivetimesaslongasitwas.Butifshedoesn’tendupbecomingaqueenandgoesbacktoaworker,herlifetimeshortensagain.Theresearchersresearchedthisbehaviorintheseants.ItturnsoutthatH.saltatorgamergatesextendtheirlifetimebytakingadvantageofasplitintheinsulinsignalingpathway,thechainofchemicalreactionsthatdriveinsulin’seffectsonthebody.Onebranchofthispathwayisinvolvedwithreproduction,whiletheotherislinkedtoaging.Examiningpatternsofgeneactivity,expertYanandhiscolleaguesfoundthatgamergateshavemoreactiveinsulingenesthanregularworkerantsand,asaresult,haveincreasedmetabolic(新陳代謝的)activityandphysicaldevelopment.Butthesecretsauceprotectingtheantsfromtheinsulin’sagingeffectsappearstobewhatiscalledImp-L2,whichblocksthebranchoftheinsulinpathwaylinkedtoaging.Thebranchinvolvedinreproduction,however,remainsactive.Theseresultsrepresentaleapforwardinourunderstandingofextremesocialinsectlifetime,whilealsoshowingananti-agingevolutionaryadaptationthathasn’tbeenseeninthewildbefore.12.Howdoestheauthorbeginthetext?A.Bylistingdata. B.Byquotingasaying.C.Byaskingaquestion. D.Bydescribingaphenomenon.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutgamergatesfromparagraph2?A.Theylivelongerthanbefore.B.Theyrarelyfightwitheachother.C.Theyareresistanttobecomequeens.D.Theyarefivetimesshorterthanworkerants.14.WhatdoweknowaboutImp-L2?A.Itmaypreventantsfromaging.B.Itmayreduceants’metabolicactivity.C.Itmayregulateants’physicaldevelopment.D.Itmayprotectants’reproductivecapability.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheresearchresults?A.Complicated. B.Controversial. C.Instructive. D.Invalid.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是蟻后長(zhǎng)壽的秘密以及研究的過(guò)程。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Generally,animalsthatputlotsofenergyintoreproductionsacrificesometimeofftheirlife.Butantqueensproducemillionsofeggsandliveanextraordinarilylongtimecomparedwithworkerantsthatdon’treproduce.(眾所周知，螞蟻女王的壽命很長(zhǎng)，盡管它們不應(yīng)該如此。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，將大量精力投入繁殖的動(dòng)物會(huì)犧牲一些生命。但是蟻后生產(chǎn)數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)卵，與不繁殖的工蟻相比，它們的壽命非常長(zhǎng)。)”可知，眾所周知，蟻后的壽命很長(zhǎng)，一般情況下將大量精力投入到繁殖的動(dòng)物會(huì)壽命短一些，但蟻后卻與不繁殖的工蟻相比，壽命卻非常長(zhǎng)，由此可知，本文是通過(guò)描述一種現(xiàn)象引出話題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesehopefulroyalsstartlayingeggsandthenchangeintoqueen-likeformscalledgamergates(雌工蟲(chóng)).Whenaworkerchangestoagamergate,herlifelengthbecomesfivetimesaslongasitwas.(這些充滿希望的皇室成員開(kāi)始產(chǎn)卵，然后變成女王一樣的形式，被稱為“雌工蟲(chóng)”。當(dāng)一個(gè)工蟻?zhàn)兂梢粋€(gè)雌工蟲(chóng)時(shí)，她的壽命是原來(lái)的5倍。)”可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)工蟻?zhàn)兂纱乒はx(chóng)時(shí)，他們的壽命就會(huì)是原來(lái)的5倍，由此可知，他們的壽命會(huì)比以前更長(zhǎng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Butthesecretsauceprotectingtheantsfromtheinsulin’sagingeffectsappearstobewhatiscalledImp-L2,whichblocksthebranchoftheinsulinpathwaylinkedtoaging.(但保護(hù)螞蟻不受胰島素衰老影響的秘訣似乎是一種叫做Imp-L2的物質(zhì)，它能阻斷與衰老有關(guān)的胰島素通路分支。)”可知，Imp-L2是保護(hù)螞蟻不受胰島素衰老影響的一種物質(zhì)，它能阻斷與衰老有關(guān)的胰島素通路分支，由此可知，Imp-L2可能能夠防止螞蟻衰老。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Theseresultsrepresentaleapforwardinourunderstandingofextremesocialinsectlifetime,whilealsoshowingananti-agingevolutionaryadaptationthathasn’tbeenseeninthewildbefore.(這些結(jié)果代表了我們對(duì)極端群居昆蟲(chóng)壽命的理解的飛躍，同時(shí)也展現(xiàn)了一種在野外從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的抗衰老進(jìn)化適應(yīng)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這些結(jié)果代表了人類(lèi)對(duì)群居昆蟲(chóng)壽命理解的一個(gè)飛躍，由此可見(jiàn)，作者認(rèn)為這些研究結(jié)果是增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)的，有指導(dǎo)意義的。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoBeConsiderateAsweknow,peoplearenotbornknowinghowtoactinaconsideratemannerandputthemselvesintheotherperson’sshoes.___16___Thefollowingmethods,whichoftenworkineverydaylife,areworthlearningandtrying.___17___Empathy(同感)isoneofthemostproductivethingspeoplecanhaveinarelationship.Itistheabilitytoseeasituationfromanotherperson’spointofview.Whensomeoneisnotactingthisway,hiswordsandbehaviorsseemselfishandinconsiderate.Stepbackandattempttodeveloptheabilitytoseethings.Beagoodlistener.Goodlisteningisimportantincommunicationindailylife.Activelisteningbestshowsthequalityofaperson.Itinvolvesrememberinginformation,repeatingtheotherperson’swords,providingfeedbackandhavingpositivebodylanguagesuchasleaningforwardandgivingeyecontact.___18___Haveself-control.Havingself-controlisaconsideratebehavior,anditisbeneficialtoaunionofanykind.Manypeopledon’tmonitorthemselves.Instead,theyspeakoractbeforetheythink.___19___Everythingyousayanddomaypositivelyornegativelyinfluenceothers.Whenyoudon’tcontrolthesethings,itcandamagearelationship.Doactsofkindness.___20___Kindnessisveryimportanttoovercomeinconsideratehabits.Forexample,asmile,akindword,orahugareallnicegestures.Otherideasincludeholdingadoorforthepersonbehindyouorlettingtheoldboardthebusfirst.Treatotherpeoplethewayyouwouldwanttobetreated.A.Thinkoftheotherperson’sfeelings.B.However,theycanbetaughttodoso.C.Itisdifficulttoshowkindnesstoothers.D.Consideratepeopledokindthingsforotherpeople.E.Learnmoreaboutselfishandinconsideratebehaviors.F.Giveapersonyourfullattentionandheorshewillfeelrecognized.G.Itisimportanttothinkabouttheconsequencesofyourwordsandactions.【答案】16.B17.A18.F19.G20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何對(duì)別人體貼?！?6題詳解】上文“Asweknow,peoplearenotbornknowinghowtoactinaconsideratemannerandputthemselvesintheotherperson’sshoes.(正如我們所知，人們并不是生來(lái)就知道如何體貼他人，設(shè)身處地為他人著想。)”可知，人們并不是生來(lái)就知道如何體貼人，下文“Thefollowingmethods,whichoftenworkineverydaylife,areworthlearningandtrying.(以下方法在日常生活中經(jīng)常有效，值得學(xué)習(xí)和嘗試。)”指出有一些方法可以讓人們學(xué)會(huì)體貼，B項(xiàng)“然而，他們可以學(xué)會(huì)這樣做?！狈希蜕衔氖寝D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時(shí)引起下文，雖然人們并不是生來(lái)就知道如何體貼人，但是有些方法可以讓人們學(xué)會(huì)體貼，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Empathy(同感)isoneofthemostproductivethingspeoplecanhaveinarelationship.Itistheabilitytoseeasituationfromanotherperson’spointofview.(同理心是人們?cè)谝欢侮P(guān)系中能獲得的最有成效的東西之一。它是一種從別人的角度看問(wèn)題的能力。)”可知，本段主要介紹要從別人的角度考慮，A項(xiàng)“想想別人的感受”符合，能概括本段內(nèi)容，故選A?！?8題詳解】上文“Activelisteningbestshowsthequalityofaperson.Itinvolvesrememberinginformation,repeatingtheotherperson’swords,providingfeedbackandhavingpositivebodylanguagesuchasleaningforwardandgivingeyecontact.(積極的傾聽(tīng)最能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的品質(zhì)。它包括記住信息，重復(fù)他人的話，提供反饋，并有積極的身體語(yǔ)言，如前傾和給予眼神接觸。)”可知，要積極傾聽(tīng)，空處承接上文，指出這么做的好處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“將你的全部注意力放在一個(gè)人身上，他或她會(huì)感到被認(rèn)可?！狈希榻B了傾聽(tīng)別人的好處，故選F?！?9題詳解】上文“Havingself-controlisaconsideratebehavior,anditisbeneficialtoaunionofanykind.Manypeopledon’tmonitorthemselves.Instead,theyspeakoractbeforetheythink.(自我控制是一種體貼的行為，它有利于任何形式的結(jié)合。很多人不會(huì)監(jiān)督自己。相反，他們沒(méi)有思考就說(shuō)話或行動(dòng)。)”指出要有自我控制能力，即說(shuō)話之前先要思考，空處承接上文，解釋了說(shuō)話之前先要思考的重要性，G項(xiàng)“思考你的言行所帶來(lái)的后果是很重要的。”符合，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段中心句“Doactsofkindness.(做善事。)”可知，本段主要介紹了要做好事，D項(xiàng)“體貼的人為別人做好事?！狈媳径沃黝}，故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Theworldofsportscanbechallenging.Sometimes,asimple___21___cantakeonanextremely___22___meaning.That’swhathappenedtoateenagerunnerwhoseshowof___23___stretchedfarbeyondatrackmeet.Ella___24___theraceofherlife.Shethoughtitwasagoodfeelingtobeableto___25___somethingshehadworkedforinherwholelife.Soshemanagedtotakeanactivepartin___26___andwonmanyawards.Shewasthestate___27___inthe1,600meterrace,thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.However,whatpeoplerememberedwasn’ther___28___butaracewhereshefinishedlast.Itwaswhenshewas___29___tofinishtheracethatsomething___30___happened.Ellasaid,“Iwas___31___,somemeterstogo.Agirlwasnotfarinfrontofme,andsuddenly,Isawher___32___.”Whatshedidnextnotonly___33___upanotherrunner’sdaybutalsotheentirestadium.Shestoppedatthebendtopickupthegirland___34___herout.Soon,alltheotherrunnerswentpastthem.___35___,sheinsistedonsupportingthegirltothefinishline.“Itwasreally___36___andpeopleweremovedintotearsbywhatEllahaddone,”saidElla’scoach.___37___failure,Ellafeltvery___38___inherheart.Whenaskedwhyshegaveupwinningtoassisttheother,shesaid,“Ifweworktogettothestatemeet,we___39___tofinishnomatterwhoweare.Ijustwantedhertomakeitnomatterwhathappened.”O(jiān)nElla’sshirtisaslogan:PartSpeed,PartPatience,AllHeart.It___40___sumsupthegirl’scharacteristicswhofoundvictorywhilefinishinglast.21.A.award B.apology C.greeting D.gesture22.A.great B.temporary C.small D.narrow23.A.relationship B.sportsmanship C.neighborhood D.childhood24.A.watched B.assessed C.ran D.bore25.A.balance B.achieve C.celebrate D.acknowledge26.A.debates B.camps C.games D.strikes27.A.coach B.owner C.judge D.champion28.A.wins B.hobbies C.needs D.views29.A.remembering B.trying C.hesitating D.pretending30.A.dishonest B.impossible C.unexpected D.inessential31.A.turning B.wandering C.offending D.thinking32.A.disappear B.shake C.exit D.fall33.A.took B.brightened C.made D.kept34.A.let B.asked C.helped D.picked35.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Nevertheless36.A.touching B.relaxing C.confusing D.frightening37.A.Incaseof B.Inspiteof C.Inchargeof D.Infavorof38.A.desperate B.blank C.content D.grateful39.A.deserve B.forget C.reject D.fear40.A.rarely B.randomly C.temporarily D.perfectly【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D36.A37.B38.C39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了艾拉在比賽時(shí)將摔倒的女孩扶起來(lái)，并攙扶她到終點(diǎn)線的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作可以產(chǎn)生非常偉大的意義。A.award獎(jiǎng)品；B.apology道歉；C.greeting問(wèn)候；D.gesture動(dòng)作。下文“Shestoppedatthebendtopickupthegirl”和“sheinsistedonsupportingthegirltothefinishline.”可知，文章主要講述了艾拉在比賽時(shí)將摔倒的女孩扶起來(lái)，并攙扶她到終點(diǎn)線的故事，艾拉的這一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作感動(dòng)了很多人，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作可以產(chǎn)生非常偉大的意義。A.great偉大的；B.temporary暫時(shí)的；C.small小的；D.narrow狹小的。由下文“Whatshedidnextnotonly_______upanotherrunner’sdaybutalsotheentirestadium.”可知，艾拉的行為點(diǎn)亮了整個(gè)體育場(chǎng)，由此可知，她的這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生了很大的意義，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是發(fā)生在一個(gè)青少年跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員身上的事情，她的體育精神遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的范圍。A.relationship關(guān)系；B.sportsmanship體育精神；C.neighborhood鄰居，社區(qū)；D.childhood兒童時(shí)期。由下文“stretchedfarbeyondatrackmeet.”和“Whatshedidnextnotonly_______upanotherrunner’sdaybutalsotheentirestadium.”可知，艾拉在比賽時(shí)將摔倒的女孩扶起來(lái)，這體現(xiàn)了她的體育精神，故選B。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：艾拉一直都在參加跑步比賽。A.watched觀看；B.assessed評(píng)價(jià)；C.ran跑；D.bore承擔(dān)。由下文“theraceofherlife.”可知，艾拉參加了很多比賽，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她認(rèn)為能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)她一生都在為之奮斗的目標(biāo)是一種很好的感覺(jué)。A.balance平衡；B.achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)；C.celebrate慶祝；D.acknowledge承認(rèn)。由下文“somethingshehadworkedforinherwholelife.”可知，此處表示實(shí)現(xiàn)她為之奮斗的目標(biāo)，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，她設(shè)法積極參加比賽，并贏得了許多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。A.debates討論；B.camps營(yíng)地；C.games游戲，比賽；D.strikes罷工。由上文“theraceofherlife”和下文“thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.”可知，她積極參加比賽，故選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她是1600米賽跑的州冠軍，是20多年來(lái)第一個(gè)贏得田徑冠軍的女孩。A.coach教練；B.owner主人；C.judge裁判；D.champion冠軍。由下文“thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.”可知，她是20多年來(lái)第一個(gè)贏得田徑冠軍的女孩，這說(shuō)明她贏得了冠軍，故選D。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，人們記得不是她的勝利，而是她最后完成的比賽。A.wins勝利；B.hobbies愛(ài)好；C.needs需要；D.views觀點(diǎn)。上文“thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.”提到她贏得了冠軍，這說(shuō)明她比賽勝利了，故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在她試圖完成比賽的時(shí)候，意想不到的事情發(fā)生了。A.remembering記?。籅.trying嘗試；C.hesitating猶豫；D.pretending假裝。由下文“tofinishtherace”可知，她努力試圖完成比賽，故選B。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：就在她試圖完成比賽的時(shí)候，意想不到的事情發(fā)生了。A.dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unexpected想不到的；D.inessential無(wú)關(guān)緊要的。下文“Agirlwasnot