初中英語語法之-一般現(xiàn)在時課件

一般現(xiàn)在時1The

Simple

Present

Tenseget

up2go

tobedgo

tosleephave

breakfasthave

lunchhave

dinnerhave

supper3go

toschool4gohomestartworkstart

lessons5finish

schoolplayfootball6wash

handsdohomework7watchTV我在早上七點半起床.I

get

up

at

half

pastseven.我們在3：30回家。We

go

home

at

half

pastthree.他們在學校吃午飯。

They

have

lunch

atschool.

我十二歲。

I’mtwelve.8一般現(xiàn)在時一、概念一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力，及普遍真理和自然規(guī)律。9二、基本用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)

1）I’m

twelve.(我十二歲）2)I

have

three

baseballs.（我有三個棒球）2）I’m

in

the

classroom（我在教室里）3）Jack

is

from

china.（杰克來自中國）4）Where

is

my

bag?（我的包在哪兒）5）Iam

a

student.(我是一名學生）102.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性和習慣性的動作。11She

usually

gets

up

at

sixo’clock.(她通常在六點鐘起床）He

reads

English

every

morning.他每天早晨讀英語。一般現(xiàn)在時的時間標志詞：often

經(jīng)常，usually通常，always

總是，sometimes有時，never從不，every

day每天，

on

weekends在周末等selodm

很少

不常

every

+時間（everyyear）Lucy

never

takes

a

shower.(露西從不洗澡）We

sometimes

play

basketball

afterschool.(我們有時在放學后打籃球）5）12I

always

do

my

homework

onweekends(我總是在周末做作業(yè)）3.一般現(xiàn)在時表示主語具備的性格和能力。

1）She

likes

English.(她喜歡英語）2）I

like

playing

basketball

ball,but

don'tlike

playing

baseball.(我喜歡打籃球，但是我不喜歡打棒球）3）He

can

speak

Chinese.(他能夠說英語）4）She

sings

well.(她唱歌很好聽。）13普遍真理和自然規(guī)律：

1）

Two

andfour

is

six.二加四等于六。The

moon

goes

around

theearth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。Ten

minus

two

is

eight.十減二等于八。Light

travels

faster

than

sound

.光的速度比聲音的速度快。145、在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中，遵從主將從現(xiàn)。例如：I'll

tell

him

the

news

when

he

comesback.他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。If

you

take

the

job

,

they

will

talkwith

you

in

greater

details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談談156、表示格言或警句。例如：Pride

goes

before

a

fall.驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。16一般現(xiàn)在時表達方法主要通過謂語動詞的變化和用時間詞語來表示，其中最主要的是謂語動詞的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時動詞變化的規(guī)則是：當主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用原型。當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用第三人

稱單數(shù)形式。e.g.We

often

get

up

early

in

themorning.

My

father

oftengets

up

early

in

themorning.17（一）第三人稱單數(shù)18用一句話概括：“非你、非我、非復數(shù)”如he,she,it,my

father,my

mother,mysister,

our

English

teacher,

Tom,

Mike,

LiuJia,

China,

my

book,

etc.she

he

it;單個人名、地名；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者

this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；不定代詞someonesomebody,nobody,everything,something,anything;不可數(shù)名詞；數(shù)字和字母work--play--live--sing--（二）動詞三單變化規(guī)律動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化的規(guī)則與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)變化的規(guī)則相同。1、一般動詞，在詞尾加s

;

如：19eg: She

lives

(live)

in

Ningbo.她住在寧波。worksplayslivessings2.以,-s,-x,-sh,-ch結(jié)尾的加-es。讀作/iz

/如：20eg: My

mother

washes

(wash) the

coat.我母親洗了大衣。pass----fix----wash----

washespassesfixesteach----

teachesmiss----

missesmix----

mixespush----

pusheswish----

wishes3.

以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-es。注意一定是輔音字母加y才變，若是元音字母加y，則直接加-s。如：21fly→fry→triesflies

try→friescopy→

copiesenjoy→

enjoyssay→saysbuy→

buysplay→pay→

playspays4.以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞，一般情況是在詞尾加es,

讀作[z]22godogoesdoes5.特殊情況：have

hasbe

(am,

are)

ise.g.

He aworker.三、句式結(jié)構(gòu)1.

be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的句式：

肯定句：主語+be+表語(n.,adj.等)23isYou

are

thirteen.They

are

in

the

classroom.

否定句：主語+be+not+表語.e.g.

He

isn't

(

not

be

)aworker.You

aren’t

(

not

be)thirteen.They

aren’t

(

not

be

)in

the

classroom.

一般疑問句：Be+主語+表語?e.g.

Is

heaworker? Yes,

he

is

./No,

heisn’t.

Are

youthirteen?

Are

they

in

the

classroom?Yes,

they

are

.No,

they

aren’t.

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語?e.g. What

is

he? What

colour

is

thatbirdHow

old

areyou?

Where

are

they

?24小結(jié)：be

動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的句式：

肯定句：主語+be+表語(n.,adj.等)

否定句：主語+be+not+表語.

一般疑問句：Be+主語+表語?

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語?252.實義動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時句式：

肯定句:

主語(非三單)+v.原形+其他.(stay)

at

home

onSaturdays.He(stay)

at

home

onSaturdays.26(have)

sports

every

day.1)I

stayThey

have

(have)

sports

every

day.My

parents

give

(give)

me

ten

yuanevery

week.

主語（三單）+v.-s/v.-es+其他.staysLucy

hasdo

not

否定句：主語(非三單)+don't+v.原形+其他4)

Idon’t

stay

(not

stay)at

home

on

Saturdays.5)Theydon’t

have(not)have

sports

every

day.6)My

parents

don't

give

(not)

give

ten

yuanto

me

every

week.

does

+not

主語(三單)+doesn't+v.原形+其他He

doesn’t

stay(not

stay)

at

home

on

Saturdays.Lucy

doesn’t

have(not

have)

sports

every

day.27

一般疑問句：Do+主語(非三單)+v.原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語+do.否定回答：No,

主語+don't.Do

you

stay

(stay)

at

home

on

Saturdays?Do

theyhave

(have)

sports

every

day?

Does+主語(三單)+v.原形+其他？Does

he

stay

(stay)

at

home

onSaturdays?Does

Lucy

have

(have)

sports

every

day?28What

she

do

(do)?29特殊疑問句：疑問詞+do/does+主語+v.原形+其他？e.g.

What

do

you

want

(want)?What

does

she

want

(want)?Whattime

do

you

have

(have)

lunch?What

time

does

she

have(have)

lunch?What

do

you

do

(do)?doesHow

do

you

spell

(spell)

it?How

does

he

spell (spell)it?小結(jié)：(1).如果主語是I/We/You/They及名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞不用做任何變化，即仍然用動詞原形表示：肯定句：主語+動詞原形+其他否定句：主語+don't+動詞原形+其他一般疑問句：Do+主語+動詞原形+其他？肯定回答:Yes，主語+do.否定回答:

No，主語+don't

.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?30(2).主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，31肯定句:否定句:主語+動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他主語+doesn't+動詞原形+其他一般疑問句:Does+主語+動詞原形+其他肯定回答:Yes，主語+does否定回答:No，主語+doesn't特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?go

catch

brush

wash

do

like

have

watch

drink

fly

eat

read

say

sing

learn

buy

study

stay

make

look

pass

carry

come

plant(種植)

teach

buy

練習鞏固1.寫出下列動詞的三單形式322.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。We

often

(play)

in

theplayground.He

(get)

up

at

six

o’clock.

you

(brush)

your

teeth

everymorning.What

(do)

he

usually

(do)afterschool?Danny

(study)English,

Chinese,Maths,

Science

and

Art

at

school.33Mikesometimes

(go)

tothe

parkwith

his

sister.At

eight

at

night, she

often

(watch)TV

with

his

parents.

Mike

(read)

English

every

day?How

many

lessons

your

classmate

(have)

onMonday?Whattime

hismother

(do)the

housework?343.選擇題1.I

to

school

at

7:00

in

themorning.A.

go B.

going C.

goesThey

books

every

day

in

thelibrary.A.reads B.

read C.readingThe

monkey

eating

bananas

very

much.A.like B.

likes C.

liking354.Myfather

to

read

newspaper

aftersupper

everyday.A.like B.

likes C.

liking5.

I

like

watching

TV, butmy

mother

like

it.A.don’t B.

doesn’t C.does6.

your

father

drink

milk

every

day?A.Do

B.Are C.Does367.

We

will

go

shopping

if

it

tomorrow.37A.

don't

rainC.

doesn't

rainB.

didn't

rainD.

isn't

rain8.Hesaidthesun

intheeastand

inthe

west.A

rose;

setC

rises,

setB

rises;

setsD

rise;

setsWangMei

musicandoften

to

music.A