高中英語語法填空 (共9篇含答案)及高中英語語法總結_第1頁
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PAGEPAGE21考試范圍:語法填空,共9篇閱讀下面每篇短文或對話,按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空,并將答案填寫在相應位置?!兑弧穠illageintheSerengeti.Alineof502(patient)formed,allofthem3avarietyofillnessesfromtuberculosis(肺結核)tolionwoundstocommoncolds.Itwasnotlong,4,beforethesuppliesinhisbackpackwereusedupandthelinehadonlygrown5(long).Heartbrokenanddriventotearsbythefactthathewouldhavetoleavepatientsuntreated,hedecidedthenandtherethathewouldneverleaveapatientuntreated,6thecircumstanceis.In2008,thegroupFloatingDoctorswasestablishedwiththemission7(bring)medicalrelieftoremotecoastalcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Thegroupdecidedtobuya76-footsailboat,8(call)“TheSouthernWind.”LaBrotnowhad“amuchbiggerbackpack”andwouldneverrunoutofsuppliesagain.They9(load)“TheSouthernWind”with25,000poundsofmedicalsuppliesandsetsailfortheirfirstmedicalmissionin2010.In10(rough)threemonthstheyfacilitated35mobileclinicsandtreated2,500patients.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《二》TheAndesMountainsarethe1(long)andoneofthehighestmountainareplacesnearertotheequator(赤道)thanothers.TheAndes4(separate)intothreenaturalregions:thesouthern,central,andnorthernregions.Inthenorthernregion,itishotterbecauseitisclosesttotheequator.TherearerainforestsinthistotheAntarcticanditismuchcolder.Inthe6(center)region,theweatherismilderbecauseitisnotnear7theequatororthecoldAntarctic.ManyoftheplantswhichgrowintheAndesMountainsaresmallinsize8(keep)energy.andtheHillstarHummingbird.TypesoflandanimalsincludetheMountainLion,theRedPerll,andsoon.TheAndesMountainsarehurtbyhumansbecausetheycutdowntreeswhichsheltermanyuniqueanimals.Manalsominesforgold,silver,andcopperwhich10(gradual)destroysthesoilandhurtstheplantsoftheAndes.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《三》Astudylookedforanyassociationbetween1(change)inweatherandbloodpressurerates.Theresearchersfocusedonwhetherchangesinpatients’bloodpressurewere2(relate)tochangesintheweather.Theyfoundthatdecreasesintemperatureandsunshine,3increasesinrainfallandfrost,wereassociatedwith4slightincreaseinbloodpressure.Inthelongerterm,individuals5bloodpressureseemedsensitive6intemperatureandsunshinehadslightincreasesinbloodpressure.Thestudy7(perform)byresearchersfromtheUniversityofGlasgow.Oneofthestudyauthorswas8(strong)supportedbyaWellcomeTrustCapacityStrengtheningStrategicAwardtothePublicHealthFoundationofIndiaandaconsortiumofUKuniversities.Itwaspublishedinthepeer-reviewedJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation.ThequalityoftheDailyMail’sreportingofthisstudyismixed.Onthenegativeside,itpresentsasimple9(conclude)thatcannotbedrawnfromthecomplexanalysis10(use)inthisstudy.Onthepositiveside,itsstorydoescontainusefuladvice.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《四》Theeasiestandquickestways1(reduce)stressistosmile.Whateverisgoingoninyourmindisreflectedinyourbody.Thusasyoustretchyourfacialaffected.Ifyouareinlowspirits,standtallandholdyourheadhigh,andthatwillliftyourspirits4yourmuscles.,itisveryeasytoturnyourattentiontoyourbreathingandtofocusuponlengtheningeachbreath.Differentbreathingtechniquescanbeusedtoproduceisaveryworthwhilegoal.Therearemanydifferentwaysapersoncanlearntorelax.Someproperexerciseinyourdailyroutine9(allow)youtofeelmoreincontrolofyourbodyandthisalsobenefitsyourmind.Eating10healthydietalsobenefitsyourmindaswellasyourbody.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《五》MostofthetimeIdowhatmyparentsexpect1me:Iworkhardinschool2IcangetintoagoodcollegeandcreatealifethatotherswantformeratherthanthatIthinkIwant.Itlookssomethinglike3(become)adoctor,oralawyer,gettingmarried,havingsomekids,movingintoaniceapartmentinthecity,preparingmykids4(do)italloveragain.Lately,5,I’mnotsureifthisisthelifeIactuallywant.IknowthatIwanttobehappy,thatIwanttoleavetheworld6(well)thanhowIfoundit,andthatIwanttofeelwhatIamdoingis7(mean).ButIdon’tknowifthispathwillgetmethere.the8(rule).Ireallylikeschool;IenjoylearningaboutthewaytheworldworksandI’vealwayshadgreat9(curious).Learningabouthistorymakesmeunderstandthewaytheworldgottobethewayitistoday.Readingliteraturehelpsmeunderstandthehumancondition,10(me),andmyownemotions.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《六》Onceamanwaswalkingalongabeach.Thesunwasshininganditwasabeautifulday.Offinthedistancehecouldseeaperson1(go)backandforthbetweenthesurf'sedge2thebeach.Backandforththispersonwent.Asthemanapproached,hecouldseetherewerehundredsofstarfishstranded(擱淺)onthesandastheresultofthenatural3(act)ofthetide.Theman4(stick)bytheapparentuselessnessofthetask.Therewerefartoothetaskof5upstarfishonebyoneandthrowingthemintotheocean.Ashecameuptotheperson,hesaid:“Youmustbecrazy.Thereare6(thousand)ofmilesofbeach7(cover)withstarfish.Youcan’t8(possible)makeadifference.”Thepersonlookedattheman.Hethenbentdownandpickedupone9(many)starfishandthrewitbackintotheocean.Heturnedbacktothemanandsaid:“Itsuremadea10tothatone!”1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《七》Andrew:Wow,somanystudentsarecrowdingin—morethanIexpected.We’reluckytoarriveanhour1(early).Orelsewewouldabsolutelyhaveproblems2(get)goodseats.Heather:I3(get)mylessonfromthelastexperience.Ididn’tarriveearlyenough,soIendedup4aterribleseat—allthewayupinthefrontrow!Itwasoneofmyworstmovie5(experience)ever.Andrew:Yeah.Ihatesittinginthefrontrow。Heather:Bytheway,itwas6(real)considerateofyou7(get)metheticket.Ireallyappreciate8.I’llbuysomepopcornandadrinkforus.Andrew:Thatwouldbegreat!Heather:Holdmyplace,9I’llbebackassoonaspossible.Oh,Ialmostforgot.I’dbetterholdontomyticket10theywon’tletmein.Andrew:OK.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《八》Mary:Goodmorning.NTTCo…John:Hello.MayIspeaktoMr.IraBlack,headoftheExportSection,please?Mary:I’msorry.Mr.Black1(go)out.MayIaskwho’scalling?John:ThisisJohnCarterfromAceConsultant.Wouldyoupleasetellme2Icouldgetaholdofhim?Mary:I3(real)havenoideawhenMr.Blackcouldbeavailableintheoffice.Couldyoucallbacklaterorwouldyoumind4(leave)amessage?John:Ithinkit’sbetterformetoleave5message.Butit’simportantandurgent.Pleasemakesurehe6(get)thismessage.Mary:Isee.I’msure7(pass)yourmessagestoMr.Black.John:,donotfilloutanyordersforNNCCorporation9furthernotice?It’sveryimportant.I’llexplain10(late).Mary:Okay,letmerepeatyourmessagetoseeifI’vegotitall.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.《九》Anchor:Youorbitroughlyevery90minutesandtravelthedistancefromtheearthtothemoononadailybasis.Thereisnosenseof1ormotionat17,000-plusmilesanhour?MikeHopkins:Yeah,thatiscorrect.Youreallydon’tgetthesenseofthespeed2youlookoutthewindowsandseejusthowfasttheearthisgoingbybelowyou.Anchor:3isitlikebeinguptherefortheholidays?RickMastracchio:Thewaywethinkaboutit,ifyouhavetobeawayfromhomeduringtheholidaystherearenotmanyplaces4(good)tobethanhere.Wehaveopportunities5(call)homealmosteverydayandasfarasfootballgoes,webothenjoyitandthegroundisveryhappytosendusfootballeventseverynowandthen.Anchor:Whatisit6youwouldlikepeople7(know)andunderstandaboutthe8(internation)spacestation?RickMastracchio:IthinkthemostimportantthingtoknowisNASAneverwentoutofbusiness.Theshuttleprogramendedbutthespacestationprogramisgoingstrong.We’reupheredoingresearch365daysayear,and9(do)soformany,manyyearsandNASAhasabright10aheadofit.1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10.新課標語法填空專題答案《一》【解題導語】LaBrot和他的同事們致力為那些偏遠地區(qū)的人們提供醫(yī)療援助。1.【參考答案】deserted 2.【參考答案】patients3.【參考答案】with 4.【參考答案】however5.【參考答案】longer 6.【參考答案】nomatterwhat/whatever7.【參考答案】tobring 8.【參考答案】called9.【參考答案】loaded 10.【參考答案】.roughly《二》【解題導語】安第斯山脈不僅是美洲最長的山脈,也是世界最長的山脈。1.【參考答案】longest 2.【參考答案】The3.【參考答案】because/since/inthat 4.【參考答案】areseparated5.【參考答案】dueto/becauseof 6.【參考答案】central7.【參考答案】either 8.【參考答案】tokeep9.【參考答案】birds 10.【參考答案】gradually《三》【解題導語】天氣寒冷、下雨的天氣不但會影響人的心情,而且可能會使血壓升高,對健康十分不利。1.【參考答案】changes 2.【參考答案】related3.【參考答案】or 4.【參考答案】a5.【參考答案】whose 6.【參考答案】to/about7.【參考答案】wasperformed 8.【參考答案】strongly9.【參考答案】conclusion 10.【參考答案】used《四》【解題導語】在你心情不好、意志消沉時,要學會自我放松,盡快的擺脫壓抑的心情,可以采用微笑、深呼吸等方式使你達到好的心情。1.【參考答案】toreduce/ofreducing/thatreduce/whichreduce2.【參考答案】into3.【參考答案】positively 4.【參考答案】aswellas/and5.【參考答案】stressed 6.【參考答案】results7.【參考答案】or 8.【參考答案】breathing9.【參考答案】allows 10.【參考答案】a《五》【解題導語】作者總在為了別人的想法活,現(xiàn)在他開始想自己的夢想、自己的生活了。1.【參考答案】of 2.【參考答案】so/sothat/inorderthat3.【參考答案】becoming 4.【參考答案】todo5.【參考答案】though/however 6.【參考答案】better7.【參考答案】meaningful 8.【參考答案】rules9.【參考答案】curiosity 10.【參考答案】myself《六》【解題導語】本文是一篇極富哲理的寓言故事。有人看到一個人把沖到海灘的海星一條一條撿起扔回到大海而產生質疑:怎么多的海星救得過來嗎?殊不知這樣至少對扔回到大海的海星來說是生與死的差別。1.【參考答案】going 2.【參考答案】and3.【參考答案】action 4.【參考答案】wasstuck5.【參考答案】picking 6.【參考答案】thousands7.【參考答案】covered 8.【參考答案】possibly9.【參考答案】more 10.【參考答案】difference《七》【解題導語】Andrew和Heather去看電影,因為吸取以前的經驗教訓,提前到達,所以找到了好位置。為了感謝Andrew,Heather決定給Andrew買爆米花喝飲料。1.【參考答案】earlier 2.【參考答案】got3.【參考答案】learned 4.【參考答案】with5.【參考答案】experiences 6.【參考答案】really7.【參考答案】toget 8.【參考答案】it9.【參考答案】and 10.【參考答案】incase《八》【解題導語】本文是一段電話語言交流。John打電話找Black先生,因此讓Mary給Black傳個信。1.【參考答案】hasgone 2.【參考答案】when3.【參考答案】really 4.【參考答案】leaving5.【參考答案】a 6.【參考答案】gets7.【參考答案】topass 8.【參考答案】changes9.【參考答案】until 10.【參考答案】later《九》【解題導語】此對話選自對兩位在國際空間站宇航員的即時電視聯(lián)線采訪內容,宇航員的回答讓我們對太空站的生活有了一定的了解。1.【參考答案】speed 2.【參考答案】until/before3.【參考答案】What 4.【參考答案】Better5.【參考答案】tocall 6.【參考答案】that7.【參考答案】toknow 8.【參考答案】international9.【參考答案】havedone/havebeendoing10.【參考答案】future高中英語語法簡單總結:高中語法難在復雜,要記憶的知識點太多、太雜,我結合高中的語法要求大綱簡單總結了我個人認為比較主要的知識點。大體把握思路,知道都有哪些知識點,然后多看、多做題,總結經常錯的知識點,其實知識點是有限的,只要多看幾遍,多過濾幾遍,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)漏網之魚已經很少了。下文總結了十二個要點:1、主謂一致2、時態(tài)3、語態(tài)4、非謂語動詞5、情態(tài)動詞6、虛擬語氣7、句子種類8、名詞性從句9、狀語從句10、定語從句11、強調句12、倒裝句當然以上并不是全部要點,還有一些比較基礎的,比如:祈使句、省略句、名詞等知識點比較簡單,在平時做題中自然而然就積累下來了,不需要刻意背誦。一、主謂一致主謂一致的關鍵在于,分條記清楚,不要混淆。以動詞不定式短語,動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.(動詞不定式短語作主語)Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.(動名詞短語作主語)Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.(從句作主語)由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語后面,要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。Thewriterandartisthascome.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,anyno,every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù),它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.在定語從句里,關系代詞that,who,which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。(畫線為先行詞)Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.在強調句型中應與被強調部分一致。ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如果它指的集體的成員,其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)HisfamilyarewatchingTV.(他的家人)6、由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名詞構成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外,還有anumberof+復數(shù)名詞有類似的用法(用復數(shù)),但thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number而定(用單數(shù))。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。Therecomesthebus.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后面接復數(shù)名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一些學科名詞是以-ics結尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞,實際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.9、“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”,表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù);若表示某一類東西時,動詞用單數(shù)。Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.(老人們)Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.(美好的東西)10、therebe句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致,即就近一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.11、主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto等引起的短語,謂語動詞要跟主語一致,即就遠一致。Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.Awomanwithababywasonthebus.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.二、動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)是日??谡Z、寫作都要用到的,并不僅僅局限于考試,所以是一個英語語法的基礎。對于應用考試,時態(tài)的難點通常是過去完成時、過去進行時、將來完成時,難在時間點、時間段的判別,通常會有關鍵詞比如ago\since等等,如果沒有關鍵詞就要結合語境判斷時間的延續(xù)性和間斷性。一般現(xiàn)在時:do/does,(系動詞is/am/are)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示經常發(fā)生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言,目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。(2)主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。I’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.(3)在以here,there開頭的句子里,go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。Theregoesthebell.(鈴響了。)Therecomesthebus.(汽車來了。)Hereshecomes.(她來了。)一般過去時:did,(系動詞was/were)表達特定的過去時間內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時間內經常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。現(xiàn)在進行時:is/am/aredoing(1)表示正在進行的動作。(2)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。SheisleavingforBeijing.(她要去北京。)(3)代替一般現(xiàn)在時,描繪更加生動。Thesunisrisingintheeast.(太陽從東方冉冉升起。)過去進行時:was/weredoing(1)表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作(這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示)Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.(2)表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.(3)用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.(4)表示過去將來動作Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.現(xiàn)在完成時:has/havedone(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生的影響或結果,說話時已完成的動作。Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleandtheroom.(2)表示從過去開始,待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用。HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears.(3)表示“曾經到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/hasbeento”,表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/hasgoneto”?!猈hereisLiHua?-Hehasgonetothereading-room.—SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.-Shehasbeenthere.(4)短暫動詞(即瞬間動詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等,在完成時態(tài)中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。不能說:Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.要翻譯“他已參軍已經三年了。”可采用①“ago法”Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.②“延續(xù)法”Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.③“since法”Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.過去完成時:haddone(1)表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup.(2)表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成,甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedaboutit.(3)常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.將來完成時:will/shallhavedone用來表示在將來某個時刻(前)將完成的動作。常和by短語,when,before引起的時間狀語連用。WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.現(xiàn)在完成進行時:has/havebeendoing用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作。Hehasbeendoingthemathproblemssince8:00.過去完成進行時:hadbeendoing表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成,還將繼續(xù)下去。She

had

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the

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for

5

hours.

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was

still

waiting.

(有表示一段時間的狀語)10、一般將來時:will/shalldo;is/am/aregoingtodo;is/am/are(about)todo一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。be+doing進行時表將來:go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞可用進行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?beaboutto+動詞原形:表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作,后面一般不跟時間狀語。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.beto+動詞原形表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見。We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.一般現(xiàn)在時表將來:時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.三、動詞的語態(tài)(被動語態(tài)的句型)動詞的語態(tài)主要是被動語態(tài)的應用,比較簡單。1、常見句式是:主語(受動者)+be+過去分詞+(by+施動者)。HewasscoldedbytheEnglishteacher.2、主語+get+過去分詞+其它成分。(使用這種結構不能帶有“by+施動者”)Theboygotdrownedlastsummer.3、帶有雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的主動句變?yōu)閯泳?,其主語可以是直接賓語,也可以是間接賓語。Shelentmeabike.被動:①Iwaslentabike(byher).②Abikewaslenttome(byher).4、情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。Thisproblemmustbeworkedoutinhalfanhour.5、雙重被動式:主語+被動式謂語+不定式的被動式+其它成分。Thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.四、非謂語動詞非謂語不是難點,但是一個比較復雜的知識點,要記要背的東西比較多,但用熟了以后就會脫口而出,沒有太大難度,主要在多用、熟悉。1、只接不定式做賓語的動詞:hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen.2、只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語:mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto.3、意義不同的不定式:stoptodo停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事remember/forget/regrettodo(指動作尚未發(fā)生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指動作已經發(fā)生)goontodo(接著做另外一件事)goondoing(接著做同一件事)trytodo(設法,努力去做,盡力)trydoing(試試去做,看有何結果)meantodo(打算做,企圖做)meandoing(意思是,意味著)can’thelp(to)do(不能幫忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)beconsideredtohavedone被認為已經做了consider…tobe認為是considerdoing考慮做某事五、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞通常是語氣的表示,雖然沒有實際意義,但卻常常在完形填空中出現(xiàn)。首先要區(qū)別各個情態(tài)動詞所表示的意思和語氣,然后注意對應的文章和語境所需要的語氣。之后就是一些小點,比如shall的不同意義、情態(tài)動詞+havedone的各種特殊用法等。1、表示“能力、許可”的can和may:(1)表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/could。Acomputercan’tthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.(2)表示許可時用may/might,can/could都可以,但在問句中用could…?或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定,必須,mustn’t表示禁止,不許可)。Johnny,youmustn’tplaywiththeknife,youmayhurtyourself.(3)在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.2、表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must:(1)在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。Petermaycomewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.(2)在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t,語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michaelcan’tbeapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.(3)在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow./Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow./Canhebeverybusynow?3、need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式,只用于否定句和疑問句。4、dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式:dare和dared兩個詞形,除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外,還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.(否定句)Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?(疑問句)5、shall:(1)用于第一人稱:征求對方的意見。Whatshallwedothisevening?(2)用于第二、三人稱:警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)Heshallbepunished.(威脅)6、should勸告、建議、命令、應該做、道義上的責任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.7、will/would:(1)請求、建議,would比will委婉客氣。Wouldyoupassmethebook?(2)表示意志、愿望和決心。Iwillneverdothatagain.(3)would可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。Thewoundwouldnotheal.(傷口老是不能愈合)would表示估計或猜想。Whatwouldshebedoingthere?8、情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法:(1)could+havedone:本可以做而實際上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.(2)cannot+havedone:表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。Hecannothavebeentothattown.(3)can+主語+havedone:表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定(用在疑問句中)。Canhehavegotthebook?(4)might(may)+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.must+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為:cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthefilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.(7)needn’t+havedone:本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.區(qū)別于:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.(8)should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.區(qū)別于:Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.(表推測)六、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是重點也是難點,一定要詳細記憶,清楚地分辨各種用法,千萬不要混淆。If引導的條件句是基礎,在清除記憶了這個基礎之上,有幾個難點如下所列:省略if的虛擬條件句、混合虛擬條件句、含蓄虛擬條件句和其它狀語從句等。If引導的條件從句:(1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句:過去式(was/were),主句:should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.(2)與過去事實相反從句:had+done,主句:should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.(3)與將來事實相反從句:過去式/should+動詞原形/were+todo,主句:should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虛擬條件句:將虛擬條件從句中的were,had,should放到主語之前,構成主謂倒裝。Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虛擬條件句:(1)不同時間的虛擬:各遵守各的規(guī)則。Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(2)虛擬與陳述的混合:各遵守各的規(guī)則。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虛擬條件句:(1)butfor+名詞表示虛擬條件Butforyourtimelywarning,wemusthavegotintogreattrouble.Youknowwe’refriends.(2)without+名詞表示虛擬條件Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.(3)動詞不定式表示虛擬條件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.(如果用這種方式,僅僅對了一半。)(4)現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.(要是及時得知的話,我們也許能阻止這場事故。)(5)過去分詞表示虛擬條件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.(如果多留心的話,這樹本來可以長的更好。)副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.(我當時太忙,否則我就給你打電話了。)(8)連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件Hewouldbecomefatterbutheeatstoolittle.其它狀語從句:asif/asthough引導的狀語從句中動詞用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。①與現(xiàn)在事實相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.=2\*GB3②與過去事實相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.=3\*GB3③與將來事實相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.注意:當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時,asif/asthough引導的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣。Itsoundsasifitisraining.聽起來像是在下雨。

Hetalksasifheisdrunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。(2)inorderthat/sothat引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/might/would等+do。Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.6、賓語從句:(1)demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動詞為should+do。Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.(2)wish后的從句中分別用過去式,過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在,過去和將來情況相反。IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.7、主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等從句中,謂語動詞用should+do。Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.8、其它句型中(1)Itistimethat…句型中動詞用過去式或should+doIt’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.(2)wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.(3)Ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式,表示強烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!七、句子種類句子種類是比較簡單,考試也不會特殊單獨考到,在這里寫下主要是因為它是語法學習的基礎,有助于接下來高級語法的學習,所以簡單理解清楚即可。1、感嘆句:(1)what+名詞Whatafinedayitis!(多好的天氣呀!)(2)how+形容詞或副詞Howhardtheyareworking!(他們工作多努力呀?。?)how+句子Howtimeflies!(時間過得多么快呀!)(4)How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+nHowniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!(多好的孩子啊!)2、簡單句:(1)主+謂Theydisappeared.(他們消失了。)(2)主+謂+賓Helikesswimming.(他喜歡游泳。)(3)主+謂+間接賓+直接賓Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.(我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。)(4)主+謂+賓+賓補TheynamedtheboyJack.(他們給孩子起名叫杰克。)(5)主+系+表Sheisauniversitystudent.(她是一名大學生。)3、并列句:(1)并列關系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but。Either

you

do

it,

or

I

ask

for

somebody

else

to

do

it.

(要么你來做,要么我請其他人來做。)Neither

Tom

nor

Jack

has

finished

the

homework.

(湯姆和杰克都沒有完成作業(yè)。)

Not

couldn’t

they

complete

the

task,

but

the

task

was

too

tough.

(不是他們完不成任務,而是任務太重了。)(2)轉折關系but,while(而,盡管),nevertheless(然而;不過)。John

likes

playing

basketball,

but

he

didn’t

play

it

yesterday.

(約翰喜歡打籃球,但他昨天沒打。)(3)選擇關系or,otherwiseorelse,either…or。Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.(我們必須快點,否則會趕不上火車。)EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.(或者你到我這兒來,或者我到你那去。)(4)因果關系for,so,thus,therefore,andso。Wehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.(我們最好呆在家里,因為天正在下雨。)Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.(他學習不努力,因此這次考試不及格。)4、復合句:由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子叫復合句。在復合句中主句是全句的主體,從句是全句的一個成分,不能獨立。從句有:(1)名詞性從句(主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句和同位語從句);(2)狀語從句;(3)定語從句。八、名詞性從句名詞性從句是一個考試點,做題時經常會遇到,但是高中語法階段不需要做太難的深究,只要弄清楚詳細的小知識點用于選擇、填空等即可,比如that\whether\if\which\what等的應用環(huán)境與辨別。1、主語從句:(1)連詞:that(that在引導主語從句時不可省去),Whether(主語從句中只能用whether不可用if)。Thathewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain.(他來幫助你是確實無疑的。)Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.(月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。)(2)連接代詞:who,what,which,whatever。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(他要跟我們說什么,還不清楚。)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.(誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。)(3)連接副詞:when,where,why,how。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.(英語晚會將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。)注:主語從句放在句首,句子常顯得笨重,因此一般把它移到句子后面,前面用引導詞“it”來作形式主語。2、賓語從句:(1)陳述:that(that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可?。?。Ibelieve(that)heishonest.(我相信他是忠誠的。)(2)疑問:if,whether(whether常與ornot連用,不能用if代替;作介詞賓語要用whether不能用if;從句是否定句時一般用if引導)。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.(我想知道他來還是不來。)Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.(一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。)Idon’tknowif(whether)itisinteresting.(我不知道它是否有意思。)Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.(他不在乎天氣是否好。)(3)特殊疑問意義:who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever(賓語從句作及物動詞賓語也可做介詞的賓語)。Pleasetellmewhatyouwant.(請告訴我你需要什么?)Shealwaysth

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