英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯預(yù)測(cè)50篇

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯預(yù)測(cè)50篇書法(calligraphy)是中國(guó)文化的精髓。書法在中國(guó)隨處可見，與日常生活緊密相連。書法作品能裝點(diǎn)客廳、書房和臥室。它是將漢字寫在吸水性良好的宣紙(Xuanpaper)上，然后將作品貼在一塊鑲有絲綢邊的厚紙上，安上卷軸(scroll)或用畫框裝裱起來掛在墻上。書法作品通常是一首詩(shī)、一副對(duì)聯(lián)或主人很喜歡的座右銘。主人親自書寫的作品將體現(xiàn)他的愿望、興趣以及文學(xué)或藝術(shù)才華。一幅書法作品可以給白色的墻壁增添活力，為賓客友人帶來快樂。參考譯文：參考譯文：CalligraphyistheessenceofChineseculture.ItcanbefoundeverywhereinChina,andiscloselylinkedtodailylife.Calligraphicworksdecoratesittingrooms,studiesandbedrooms.TheChinesecharactersarewrittenonXuanpaperwhichisgoodatabsorbingink.Theworkwillbepastedonapieceofthickpaperwithasilkedge,andthenmountedonascrollorputintoapictureframeforhangingonthewall.Usually,acalligraphicworkcontainsapoem,apairofcouplets,oramottotheownerlikesverymuch.Ifthecalligraphicworkiswrittenbytheownerhimself,itwilldemonstratehiswishandinterestaswellashisliteraryorartistictalent.Acalligraphicworkcanbringvitalitytothewhitewall,pleasuretoguestsandfriends.01、指南針中國(guó)是世界上公認(rèn)發(fā)明指南針的國(guó)家。早在2400多年前，中國(guó)人就創(chuàng)造出世界上最早的指南針。后來經(jīng)過不斷改進(jìn)，到宋朝(theSongDynasty)人們制造出鐵針指南針并應(yīng)用于航海。中國(guó)是第一個(gè)在海船上使用指南針的國(guó)家。指南針為明代(theMingDynasty)鄭和下西洋提供了條件。后來指南針傳入歐洲，推動(dòng)了歐洲航海事業(yè)的發(fā)展為，哥倫布(Columbus)的航行提供了技術(shù)保證。參考譯文：參考譯文：Chinaisuniversallyrecognizedasthecountryhavinginventedthecompass.Asearlyas2,400yearsago,Chinesepeoplecreatedtheearliestcompassintheworld.Lateritwasfurtherimprovedcontinuously.DuringtheSongDynasty,peopleproducedthecompasswithironneedlesandapplieditinnavigation.Chinaisthefirstcountrytousethecompassonseagoingships.ThecompassprovidedaidforZhengHe'svoyagestotheWesternOceanintheMingDynasty.LaterthecompassspreadintoEurope,promotingthedevelopmentoftheEuropeanmarineindustryandguaranteeingtechnicalsupportforColumbus'navigation.02、造紙術(shù)在古代，著作和銘文(inscription)通常寫在竹片或絲綢上。但絲綢昂貴，竹片太重，使用起來都不方便。后來蔡倫開創(chuàng)了用樹皮造紙的方法。傳統(tǒng)上人們認(rèn)為他是紙張和造紙術(shù)的發(fā)明者。盡管公元前2世紀(jì)中國(guó)就已經(jīng)有了早期的紙，但蔡倫促成了紙張的首次重大改進(jìn)，并通過添加至關(guān)重要的新材料使造紙過程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。蔡倫發(fā)現(xiàn)了造紙材料的組合方式，發(fā)明了造紙術(shù)。這項(xiàng)發(fā)明使蔡倫聞名于世，甚至使他在有生之年就已經(jīng)得到了認(rèn)可。參考譯文：參考譯文：Inancienttimes,writingworksandinscriptionsweregenerallywrittenontabletsofbamboooronpiecesofsilk.Butsilkbeingcostlyandbambooheavy,theywerebothnotconvenienttouse.ThenCaiLuninitiatedthemethodofmakingpaperwiththebarkoftrees.Traditionally,heisregardedastheinventorofpaperandthetechniqueofpapermaking.AlthoughearlyformsofpaperhadalreadyexistedinChinasincethe2ndcenturyBC,hefosteredthefirstsignificantimprovementandstandardizationofpapermakingbyaddingessentialnewmaterialsintopaperscomposition.Caifoundthecompositionofpaperandinventedthetechniqueofpapermaking.Caiwasreputedforthisinventionintheworld,andeveninhisownlifetimehewasalreadygivenrecognitionforit.03、中華老字號(hào)中華老字號(hào)(Chinacenturies-old/time-honoredbrands)是指那些歷史悠久并擁有良好信譽(yù)的中國(guó)企業(yè)。這些企業(yè)往往具有鮮明的中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化特征，擁有高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品、技藝或服務(wù)，取得廣泛的社會(huì)認(rèn)同。同仁堂(Tongrentang)和全聚德(Quanjude)均屬北京的老字號(hào)。同仁堂創(chuàng)建于1669年，其藥品以優(yōu)良的傳統(tǒng)工藝和顯著的療效享譽(yù)海內(nèi)外。以北京烤鴨聞名的全聚德創(chuàng)建于1864年，是中國(guó)著名的飯店。參考譯文：參考譯文：Chinatime-honoredbrandsrefertoChinesecompaniesthathavealonghistoryaswellasagoodreputation.WithdistinctcharacteristicsoftraditionalChineseculture,theygetextensivepublicrecognitionbyofferinggood-qualityproducts,techniquesorservices.BothTongrentangandQuanjudearethetime-honoredbrandsinBeijing.Tongrentangwasfoundedin1669，anditsmedicalproductshaveenjoyedagoodreputationbothathomeandabroadforexcellenttraditionalmanufacturingtechniquesandgoodeffects.Foundedin1864andwell-knownforitsBejingroastducks,QuanjudeisafamousrestaurantinChina.印刷術(shù)發(fā)明之前，想出版新書的學(xué)者必須一字一字地抄寫。北宋時(shí)期，經(jīng)過多年的實(shí)驗(yàn)，畢昇發(fā)明了活字印刷術(shù)(movable-typeprinting)。他把漢字刻在一小塊泥胚(piecesofclay)上，加熱漢字直到其變成硬的活字。印書時(shí),人們按順序?qū)⒒钭謹(jǐn)[在一起，印出印跡。印刷完后，他們把字分開，以后重復(fù)使用。這種方法既經(jīng)濟(jì)又省時(shí)。中國(guó)的活字印刷術(shù)首先向東傳至朝鮮和日本，之后向西傳至波斯(Persia)和埃及，最后傳遍全球?；钭钟∷⑿g(shù)發(fā)明促進(jìn)了世界各國(guó)的文化交流。參考譯文：參考譯文：Beforeprintingwasinvented，ascholarhadtocopycharactersonebyoneifhewantedtopublishanewbook.DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,BiShenginventedmovable-typeprintingaftermanyyearsofexperimentation.Heengravedthecharactersonsmallpiecesofclayandheatedthemuntiltheybecamehardmovablecharacters.Whenprintingabook，peopleplacedthemoveablecharactersinorderintoawholeblockandthenranoffaprint.Afterprinting,theytooktheblockapartandreusedthecharacterslater.Thismethodwasbotheconomicalandtime-saving.China'smovable-typeprintingfirstspreadeastwardintoKoreaandJapan,thenwestwardintoPersiaandEgypt,andatlast,aroundtheworld.Theinventionofmovable-typeprintinggreatlypromotedculturalexchangesamongcountriesallovertheworld.圓明園(YuanmingyuanImperialGarden)位于北京西郊，于1708年開始興建。經(jīng)過幾十年的建造、裝飾和改建，圓明園成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最出色的園林之一。圓明園繼承了中國(guó)園林建筑的傳統(tǒng)，把不同風(fēng)格的園林建筑融為一體，充分體現(xiàn)出和諧與完美。除此之外，圓明園在世界園林建筑史上也占有非常重要的地位。遺憾的是，經(jīng)過幾場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，今天的圓明園只是一片廢墟。參考譯文：參考譯文：LocatedinthewestsuburbofBeijing,YuanmingyuanImperialGardenwasfirstconstructedin1708.Afterdecadesofconstruction,decoration,andreconstruction,YuanmingyuanImperialGardenhadbecomeoneofthemostexcellentgardensintheworldatthattime.ItearnedforwardthetraditionofChinesegardenbuildingbycombininggardenarchitecturesofdifferentstylestogivefullexpressionofharmonyandperfectness.Besidesthis,YuanmingyuanImperialGardenalsohadaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofgardenarchitecture.Itisapitythatafterseveralwars,today'sYuanmingyuanImperialGardenisonlyaheapofruins.中國(guó)目前擁有世界上最大最快的高速鐵路網(wǎng)。高鐵列車的運(yùn)行速度還將繼續(xù)提升，更多的城市將修建高鐵站。高鐵大大縮短了人們出行的時(shí)間。相對(duì)飛機(jī)而言，高鐵列車的突出優(yōu)勢(shì)在于準(zhǔn)時(shí)，因?yàn)榛静皇芴鞖饣蚪煌ü苤频挠绊?。高鐵極大地改變了中國(guó)人的生活方式。如今，它已經(jīng)成了很多人商務(wù)旅行的首選交通工具。越來越多的人也在假日乘高鐵外出旅游。還有不少年輕人選擇在一個(gè)城市工作而在鄰近城市居住，每天乘高鐵上下班。參考譯文：參考譯文：Chinanowishometothelargestandfastesthigh-speedrailnetworkintheworld.ThespeedoftheCRH(ChinaRailwayHigh-Speed)trainwillcontinuetoincreaseandmorecitieswillbuildhigh-speedrailstations.TheCRHtrainhasgreatlyreducedpeople'straveltime.Comparedwiththeairplane,theoutstandingadvantageoftheCRHtrainispunctuality,becauseitisbasicallynotaffectedbyweatherortrafficcontrol.Ithastransformedthewaypeopleliveandbecomethefavoriteoptionforbusinesstravelerstoday.MoreandmorepeoplealsotravelbyCRHtrainduringholidays.ManyyoungpeoplechoosetoworkinonecitybutliveinanearbyonesincetheycancommutebyCRHtraineveryday.07、共享汽車共享汽車新能源汽車共享項(xiàng)目已在北京、上海等多個(gè)城市展開。這種新型的服務(wù)有望在未來幾年為中國(guó)分享經(jīng)濟(jì)注入新的活力。要享受共享汽車服務(wù)，你需要先下載客戶端，然后注冊(cè)會(huì)員，上傳本人身份證和駕照實(shí)物照片。經(jīng)審核通過并交納押金（deposit）后，即可通過掃描二維碼（QRcode）使用租車服務(wù)。押金主要用于車輛損壞、違章以及發(fā)生行政處罰所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。租車費(fèi)用依據(jù)實(shí)際里程（mileage）和實(shí)際用車時(shí)間計(jì)參考譯文：參考譯文：Thenewenergyvehicle-sharingprojecthasbeenlaunchedinBeijing,Shanghaiandothercities.ThisnewtypeofserviceisexpectedtoaddnewvitalityintoChina'ssharingeconomyinthenextfewyears.Toenjoythecar-sharingservice,youneedtofirstdownloadtheApp,thenregistertobecomeamemberanduploadphotosofyourIDcardandyourdriver'slicense.Afterpassingthereviewandpayingthedeposit,youcanusethecar-sharingservicebyscanningtheQRcode.Thedepositismainlyusedforpayingfeesarisingfromcardamage,violationsofregulationsandadministrativepunishment.Thecarrentalischargedaccordingtotheactualmileageandtheusagetime.09、皮影戲皮影戲(shadowplay)是中國(guó)的一種民間藝術(shù)，擁有悠久的歷史。皮影戲所需要的演員是用牛皮做的皮影人形，由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)人控制著，并用光將它們反射到幕布上。皮影戲在陜西和甘肅地區(qū)最為流行，經(jīng)常在廟會(huì)、婚禮和葬禮等場(chǎng)合演出。皮影戲是用來驅(qū)邪的，人們希望皮影戲的演出能給他們帶來好運(yùn)。精致生動(dòng)的皮影人形已經(jīng)成為一種收藏品，深受外國(guó)人的喜愛。參考譯文：參考譯文：ShadowplayisaformofChinesefolkartwithalonghistory.Theactorsoractressesinashadowplayarefiguresmadeofcowleather.Beingcontrolledbyoneorseveralpersons,thesefiguresarereflectedviaalightonthescreen.ShadowplayismostpopularintheareaofShanxiandGansuProvincesandoftenperformedinthetemplefairs,weddingceremoniesandfuneralceremonies,etc.Withthepurposeofdrivingoutevilspirits,peoplewishthattheperformanceofshadowplaywillbringthemgoodfortune.Delicateandvividshadowfigureshavebecomeakindofcollectionandaregreatlylovedbyforeigners.桂林是中國(guó)著名的風(fēng)景旅游城市。它位于廣西東北部，面積有2.78萬平方公里，人口(theNorthernSongDynasty)以來，桂林就已成為廣西的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)及文化中心。桂林山水以山青、水秀、洞奇、石美聞名天下;桂林的交通、通訊和住宿都非常便利發(fā)達(dá)。因此每年有成千上萬的國(guó)內(nèi)外游客來到桂林旅游。參考譯文：參考譯文：GuilinisChina'swell-knowntouristsceniccity.LocatedinthenortheastofGuangxi,Guilincoversanareaof27,800squarekilometerswithapopulationof5million.Guilinisalsoafamoushistoricandculturalcitywithahistoryofover2,000years.Guilinhasbeenthecenterofpolitics,economy,andcultureofGuangxisincetheNorthernSongDynasty.Guilinsceneryisfamousforitsgreenmountains,clearwater,magicholes,andbeautifulstones.Thetransportation,communication,andaccommodationinGuilinareconvenientandwell-developed.Therefore,thousandsoftouristsfromhomeandabroadareattractedtotravelhereeveryyear.烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運(yùn)河河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化，是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建筑。數(shù)百年來，當(dāng)?shù)匮刂舆吔ㄆ鹆俗≌图?。無數(shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會(huì)有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。參考譯文：參考譯文：Wuzhenisanancient"Waterside"inZhejiang,locatedinthebankofJingHangCanal.Thisisacharmingplacewheretherearemanyoldbridges,hotelsinChinesestyleandrestaurants.Overthepast1,000years,therewerenoobviouschangesinthewatersystemsandlifestylesinWuzhen,whichisamuseumthatshowstheancientcivilizations.AllbuildingsinWuzhenarebuiltbystonesandwoods.Forhundredsofyears,localpeoplehavebuiltuphousesandmarketsalongtheriverside.Countlessbeautifulandcapaciousyardsarehiddenbetweenhouses.Andvisitorswillbesurprisedwhentheyseethem.12、中國(guó)畫國(guó)畫(Chinesepainting)是世界上最古老的藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)之一。繪畫時(shí)用毛筆蘸黑墨或彩墨在紙張或絲綢上作畫。根據(jù)表現(xiàn)手法，國(guó)畫可分為寫意派(theXieyischool)和工筆派(theGongbischool)兩大類。寫意派以自由表達(dá)和形式夸張為特點(diǎn)；工筆派則注重以精細(xì)的筆法描繪細(xì)節(jié)。山水畫被公認(rèn)為國(guó)畫的最高形式?？v觀歷史，不同時(shí)期的國(guó)畫都相應(yīng)地反映出人們的社會(huì)意識(shí)。參考譯文：參考譯文：Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartistictraditionsintheworld.Thepaintingisdoneonpaperorsilkwithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink.Accordingtothemeansofexpression,ChinesepaintingscanbedividedintotwocategorieswhicharetheXieyischoolandtheGongbischool.TheXieyischoolischaracterizedbyfreeexpressionandexaggeratedforms,whiletheGongbischoolattachesimportancetodetailwithfinebrushwork.LandscapepaintingiswidelyregardedasthehighestformofChinesepainting.Throughouthistory,theChinesepaintingsatdifferenttimesmirrorpeople'ssocialconsciousnessaccordingly.13、港珠澳大橋港珠澳大橋(HongKong-zhuhai-macauBridge)全長(zhǎng)55公里，是我國(guó)一項(xiàng)不同尋常的工程壯舉。大橋?qū)⑷齻€(gè)城市連接起來，是世界上最長(zhǎng)的跨海橋粱和隧道系統(tǒng)。大橋?qū)⑷齻€(gè)城市之間的旅行時(shí)間從3小時(shí)縮短到30分鐘。這座跨度巨大的鋼筋混凝土大橋充分證明中國(guó)有能力建造創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的巨型建筑。它將助推區(qū)域一體化，促進(jìn)經(jīng)済増長(zhǎng)。大橋是中國(guó)發(fā)展自己的大灣區(qū)總體規(guī)劃的關(guān)鍵。中國(guó)希望將大灣區(qū)建成在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮上能與舊金山、紐約和東京的灣區(qū)相媲美的地區(qū)。參考譯文：參考譯文：Withatotallengthof55kilometers,theHongKong-zhuhai-macauBridgeisanextraordinaryengineeringinourcountry.Asthelongestcross-seabridgeandtunnelsystemintheworld,thebridgeconnectsHongKong,ZhuhaiandMacau,shorteningthetravelingtimeamongthethreecitiesfrom3hoursto30minutes.ThisreinforcedconcretebridgewithhugespansfullyprovesthatChinahastheabilitytobuildrecord-breakinghugeconstruction.Itwillenhanceregionalintegrationandpromoteeconomicgrowth.ThebridgeisthekeytoChina’sdevelopmentofitsownmasterplanfortheGreatBayArea.ChinahopestobuildtheGreatBayAreaintoanareacomparabletotheBayAreasofSanFrancisco,NewYorkandTokyointermsoftechnologicalinnovationandeconomicprosperity.14、社群學(xué)習(xí)社群學(xué)習(xí)在消費(fèi)升級(jí)（upgrade）下的新時(shí)代，在線教育市場(chǎng)變得越來越成熟，付費(fèi)社群模式正引領(lǐng)潮流。總體來說，付費(fèi)社群學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容具有專業(yè)性、稀缺性和系統(tǒng)性等特性。付費(fèi)社群模式兼顧學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的深度和系統(tǒng)性，因而擁有更強(qiáng)的用戶黏性（engagement）。一個(gè)好的付費(fèi)社群不僅能在知識(shí)含量上滿足用戶的需求，還能為用戶提供系統(tǒng)性高質(zhì)量的內(nèi)容。參考譯文：參考譯文：Intheneweraofconsumptionupgrades,theonlineeducationmarketisbecomingincreasinglymature,andthepaidcommunitymodelissettingthetrend.Onthewhole,learningmaterialsprovidedbypaidcommunitieshavedistinctcharacteristicsincludingprofessionalism,scarcity,andbeingsystematic.Thismodelprovidesuserswithlearningmaterialsthatarebothsystematicandconcernedwiththedepthandthereforehasstrongeruserengagement.Agoodpaidcommunitycannotonlymeettheneedsofusersintermsofthequantityofthecontents,butalsoprovideuserswithsystematicallyorganizedcontentsofhighquality.15、唐朝唐朝(theTangDynasty)是普遍公認(rèn)的中國(guó)最輝煌的時(shí)期之一。唐朝時(shí)期許多領(lǐng)域得到了巨大的發(fā)展。唐朝的疆域在軍事擴(kuò)張下已超過了漢朝(theHanDynasty)。農(nóng)業(yè)和灌溉工具有了很大的進(jìn)步，農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)十分發(fā)達(dá)。在商業(yè)上，唐朝與更多國(guó)家有了貿(mào)易往來。唐朝也是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。盛唐時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了整整一代文學(xué)巨匠，其中包括唐詩(shī)“雙圣”李白和杜甫。參考譯文：參考譯文：TheTangDynastyisuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthemostgloriousperiodsinChina.Ithasseengreatprogressinmanyfields.TheterritoryintheTangDynasty,acquiredthroughmilitaryexpansion,wasgreaterthanthatintheHanDynasty.Greatadvanceshavebeenmadeinagricultureandirrigationtools,makingaprosperousagriculturaleconomy.Inbusiness,theTangDynastyhadtradecontactswithmorecountries.TheTangDynastywasalsothegoldenageofliteratureandarts.Inthehightangperiod,thereappearedawholegenerationofliterarygiantsincludingLiBaiandDuFu,thetwinmastersofTangpoetry.(theMingDynasty)景泰年間盛行，而且以藍(lán)色為主，故而得名“景泰藍(lán)”。它采用一些貴重金屬作為原材料，集繪畫、工藝、藝術(shù)為一體。景泰藍(lán)典雅精美，具有獨(dú)特的民族風(fēng)格和濃厚的文化韻味。在明清兩朝(theMingandQingDynasties),景泰藍(lán)都是皇家專用的器物飾品，象征著尊貴與財(cái)富。景泰藍(lán)也在此時(shí)開始隨著商船走向海外。參考譯文：參考譯文：JingTaiLanisakindofChinesetraditionalworksofart.ItgotthenamebecauseitwasverypopularduringtheyearsofJingTaiintheMingDynastywithblueasitsmaincolor.Itusessomepreciousmetalsasrawmaterials,combiningpainting,craft,andart.JingTaiLaniselegantandbeautifulwithauniquenationalstyleandrichculturalflavor.DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,TaiLanwasthedecorativearticleownedonlybyroyalfamilies,asymbolofbeingnobleandwealthy.Alsoatthattime,JingTaiLanbegantogooverseaswithtradeships.17、長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)江，又名揚(yáng)子江(theYangtzeRiver)，全長(zhǎng)6300多千米，是中國(guó)第一大河，世界第三大河。長(zhǎng)江發(fā)源于青藏高原(theQinghai-TibetPlateau),流經(jīng)多個(gè)省市。因富產(chǎn)糧食，長(zhǎng)江中下游被稱為“中華文明的搖籃”(thecradleofChinesecivilization)。長(zhǎng)江兩岸風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，有眾多的名勝古跡。千百年來，長(zhǎng)江在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、運(yùn)輸及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。然而近年來，長(zhǎng)江遭受了工業(yè)污染和湖泊流失，并由此引發(fā)了季節(jié)性洪水。參考譯文：參考譯文：TheChangjiangRiver,ortheYangtzeRiver,hasatotallengthofmorethan6,300km.ItisthelongestriverinChinaandthethird-longestoneintheworld.ItrisesintheQinghai-TibetPlateauandflowsthroughmanyprovincesandcities.ThemiddleandlowerreachesoftheriverhavebeencalledthecradleofChinesecivilizationfortheirabundanceoffoodproduced.Alongthetwosidesoftheriverisbeautifulscenerywithmanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsites.Forthousandsofyears,theriverhasbeenplayinganimportantroleinagriculture，industry,transportation,andwar.Butinrecentyears,theriverhassufferedfromindustrialpollutionandlossoflakes,whichhasbroughtseasonalfloods.18、紅樓夢(mèng)《紅樓夢(mèng)》(ADreamofRedMansions)寫成于18世紀(jì)，是中國(guó)著名的古典長(zhǎng)篇小說。小說共計(jì)120回，前80回的作者是曹雪芹，后40回由高鶚完成。通過對(duì)賈氏封建大家族(feudalclan)生活的生動(dòng)描述《紅樓夢(mèng)》展示了清朝(theQingDynasty)封建社會(huì)的興衰。小說塑造了大量的人物，其中主要人物就將近40個(gè)。以該小說為題材的藝術(shù)作品很多，其中最成功的當(dāng)屬1987年由王扶林導(dǎo)演的電視連續(xù)劇《紅樓夢(mèng)》。參考譯文：參考譯文：Writteninthe18thcentury,ADreamofRedMansionsisafamousChineseclassicalnovel.Inthis120-chapternovel,thefirst80chapterswerewrittenbyCaoXueqinandtheleft40byGaoE.WithvividdescriptionsofthelifeinthebigfeudalclanofJia,thenovelrevealstheriseandfallofthefeudalsocietyintheQingDynasty.Thenovelshapesalargenumberofcharactersandnearlyfortyareconsideredmajorones.Alotofartisticworkshavebeenproducedbasedonthenovel,amongwhichthemostsuccessfulistheTVseriesADreamofRedMansionsdirectedbyWangFulinin1987.19、本草綱目《本草綱目》(TheCompendiumofMateriaMedica)是明代（theMingDynasty）著名的醫(yī)學(xué)家李時(shí)珍所著。這部著作近乎200萬字，記載藥物(medicalsubstance)1892種。除了中草藥（Chineseherhalmedicine)，該書也包含了動(dòng)物和礦物質(zhì)作為藥物的記載?！侗静菥V目》堪稱中醫(yī)史上最完整的醫(yī)書，對(duì)各種藥物的名稱、氣味、形態(tài)等都做了詳盡的介紹。它被翻譯成20多種語(yǔ)言并在全世界廣為流傳。即便現(xiàn)在，人們還常常將它用作醫(yī)學(xué)參考書。參考譯文：參考譯文：TheCompendiumofMateriaMedicaiswrittenbyLiShizhen,afamousmedicalscientistintheMingDynasty.Withalmost2millionChinesecharacters,thebooklists1,892kindsofmedicalsubstances.BesidesChineseherbalmedicines,itincludesanimalsandmineralsusedasmedicinalsubstances.TheCompendiumofMateriaMedicaisregardedasthemostcompletemedicalbookinthehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Detailedintroductionsofallthemedicalsubstancesaregiveninthebook,includingname,smell,appearance,etc.Ithasbeentranslatedintomorethan20languagesandspreadsallovertheworld.Evennowitisstilloftenusedasareferencebookinmedicine.20、元青花瓷元代(theYuanDynasty)是中國(guó)瓷器(porcelain)發(fā)展史上—個(gè)重要的時(shí)期?；谙惹俺臒萍夹g(shù)景德鎮(zhèn)成功地制作出青花瓷(theblueandwhiteporcelain)。元青花瓷富麗雄渾，其風(fēng)格與傳統(tǒng)的瓷器大相徑庭。元青花瓷的出現(xiàn)也使景德鎮(zhèn)成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界制瓷業(yè)的中心。元青花瓷制作精美而且傳世極少，因此異常珍貴。青花瓷的制作在明清兩朝(theMingandQingDynasties)得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，其中的精品是許多收藏家的終極目參考譯文：參考譯文：TheYuanDynastyisakeyperiodinthedevelopmentofChineseporcelainindustry.Basedonthefiringtechniquesofformerdynasties,theblueandwhiteporcelainshadbeensuccessfullymanufacturedinJingdezhen.TheblueandwhiteporcelainsoftheYuanDynastyaregrandandsplendid,whosestylesarequitedifferentfromthoseofthetraditionalporcelains.TherisingofblueandwhiteporcelainintheYuanDynastyalsomadeJingdezhenthecenteroftheporcelainindustryintheworldatthattime.Finelymadeandrarelyhandeddown,theblueandwhiteporcelainsoftheYuanDynastyareextremelyprecious.TheblueandwhiteporcelainswerefurtherdevelopedintheMingandQingDynasties.Somefineworksarethedreamtargetsforcollectors。21、京劇臉譜京劇臉譜(thefacialmakeupofBeijingOpera)是具有民族特色的一種獨(dú)特的化妝方法。它最大的特點(diǎn)在于借助不同的色彩來展示人物的性格。臉譜的顏色使觀眾對(duì)人物的善惡美丑一目了然。通常紅色代表忠誠(chéng)；黑色象征正直；紫色意味公正；黃色喻示殘暴(brutality)。此外，臉譜還常常帶有圖案(design)來表述某個(gè)故事，比如后羿臉譜上有九個(gè)太陽(yáng)，表明他曾經(jīng)用箭射掉了九個(gè)太陽(yáng)。參考譯文：參考譯文：ThefacialmakeupofBeijingOperaisauniquemakeupmethodwithChinesenationalcharacteristics.Ithasthebestfeatureofshowingthecharacterswithvariouscolorfulfacialpaintings.Theaudienceknowsthegoodorevilcharacterofaroledirectlybasedonthecoloroftheface.Usually,redrepresentsloyalty;blackintegrity;purplejustice,andyellowbrutality.Inaddition,thefacialmakeupoftencomeswithdesignstotellsomestory.Forinstance,HouYihasninesunspaintedonhisface,indicatingthathehasevershotninesunsfromthesky.22、黃顏色帝”(YellowEmperor)；中華民族的母親河為“黃河”；中國(guó)人的皮膚為“黃皮膚”。五行學(xué)說(thetheoryoffiveelements)認(rèn)為黃顏色位居五行的中央，居于諸色之上，最為貴，黃色也因此被定為皇帝服裝的顏色。明清兩朝(theMingandQingDynasties)，黃色為皇家專用色彩，是權(quán)力的象征。直到現(xiàn)在，黃色仍然是中國(guó)人最喜愛的顏色之一。參考譯文：參考譯文：Sincetheancienttimes,thecoloryellowhasacloserelationshipwiththeChinesetraditionalculture.ThefirstemperorinChinawascalled"YellowEmperor"；theMotherRiveroftheChinesenationisthe"YellowRiver"；theChinesepeoplehave"yellowskin".Accordingtothetheoryoffiveelements,yellowwasinthemiddleofthefiveelements,comingfirstofallcolors.Therefore,itwasviewedasthenoblestcolor,acolorfortheclothingofemperors.DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,yellowwastheexclusivecolorfortheEmperorfamilies,whichwasasymbolofpower.Untilnow,yellowisstilloneoftheChinesefavoritecolors.23、移動(dòng)支付過去幾年里，移動(dòng)支付市場(chǎng)在中國(guó)蓬勃發(fā)展，隨著移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，手機(jī)購(gòu)物逐漸成為一種趨勢(shì)。18到30歲的年輕人構(gòu)成了移動(dòng)支付市場(chǎng)的最大群體。由于現(xiàn)在用手機(jī)付款極容易，許多消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)物時(shí)寧愿用手機(jī)付款，而不愿用現(xiàn)金或信用卡。為了鼓勵(lì)人們多消費(fèi)，許多商店給使用移動(dòng)支付的顧客打折。專家預(yù)測(cè)，中國(guó)移動(dòng)支付市場(chǎng)未來仍有很大發(fā)展?jié)摿Α⒖甲g文：參考譯文：Inthepastfewyears,themobilepaymentmarkethasflourishedinChina.WiththeadventofthemobileInternet,mobileshoppinghasgraduallybecomeatrend.Youngpeopleagedbetween18and30constitutethelargestgroupinthemobilepaymentmarket.(Youngpeoplebetweentheagesof18and30makeupthelargestsegmentofthemobilepaymentmarket.)Sinceitisextremelyeasytopaybymobilephonenow,manyconsumersprefertopaybymobilephonewhenshopping,ratherthanincashorbycreditcards.(Becauseitissoeasytopaybymobilenow,manyconsumerswouldratherpaybymobilephonethanincashorbycreditcardwhenshopping.)Toencouragepeopletospendmore,manystoresofferdiscountstocustomerswhousemobilepayments.ExpertspredictthatChina'smobilepaymentmarketstillhasgreatpotentialfordevelopmentinthefuture.24、七夕七夕節(jié)(DoubleSeventhFestival)是中國(guó)最具浪漫色彩的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。每年農(nóng)歷(lunarcalendar)七月初七就是七夕節(jié)，亦稱“乞巧節(jié)”。七夕節(jié)起源于中國(guó)古代牛郎(Cowherd)和織女(WeaverMaid)的愛情神話，他們的故事感動(dòng)了一代又一代的中國(guó)人。許多有情男女會(huì)在七夕的晚上祈禱自己的姻緣美滿，期望“有情人終成眷屬”。近年來，越來越多的都市青年男女把這個(gè)節(jié)日當(dāng)作“中國(guó)情人節(jié)”(ChineseValentine'sDay)。參考譯文：參考譯文：TheDoubleSeventhFestivalisthemostromantictraditionalChinesefestival.Alsoknownas"QiqiaoFestival",itfallsannuallyonthe7thdayofthe7thmonthofthelunarcalendar.ThefestivalcamefromanancientChineseromanticfairytaleabouttheCowherdandtheWeaverMaid,whichhasdeeplymovedgenerationsofChinesepeople.Manymenandwomeninloveusuallyprayforahappymarriageonthatnight,hopingfor"ahappyendingfortruelove".Inrecentyears,moreandmoreyoungstersincitiescelebratetheDoubleSeventhFestivalasChineseValentine'sDay.25、麗江古城麗江古城有800多年的歷史，曾經(jīng)是茶馬古道(theoldteahorseroad)上的一個(gè)貿(mào)易集結(jié)點(diǎn)(confluence)。麗江因其有序的水道和橋梁系統(tǒng)而聞名。麗江古城在建筑、歷史及其原住民納西族(theNaxipeople)的文化傳統(tǒng)方面不同于中國(guó)其他古城。古城沿山脈和河流而建，為我們提供了一個(gè)研究古代建筑的非常珍貴的樣本。獨(dú)特的地理位置、歷史背景以及多民族的居民，都使麗江成為最特別的古城之一。參考譯文：參考譯文：TheoldtownofLijianghasahistoryofmorethan800yearsandwasonceaconfluencefortradealongtheoldteahorseroad.Itisfamousforitsorderlysystemofwaterwaysandbridges.TheoldtownofLijiangdiffersfromotherancientChinesecitiesinarchitecture,historyandtheculturetraditionofitslocalresidents-theNaxipeople.Thetownisbuiltalongmountainsandrivers,providinguswithaveryprecioussampleoftheresearchontheold-timearchitecture.Theuniquegeographicallocation,historicalbackgroundandmultiracialinhabitantsmakeitoneofthemostspecialoldtowns.26、太極拳太極拳（TaiChi）是一系列緩慢的動(dòng)作，旨在修煉身心。它就像是一種舞蹈，卻不需要你隨音樂起舞，而是需要你向內(nèi)看，聆聽內(nèi)心的節(jié)奏。它創(chuàng)自數(shù)千年前，原本是一種武術(shù)（martialart）——一種自衛(wèi)的技藝。然而，它的武術(shù)方面如今不太流行了。目前，全世界成千上萬人練習(xí)它，主要是由于它對(duì)于人類健康的神奇作用。它將身體動(dòng)作與平靜、冥想的（meditative）心理狀態(tài)結(jié)合起來，所以也被稱作“冥想運(yùn)作（meditationmotion）”。參考譯文：參考譯文：TaiChiisaseriesofslowmovementsthatareaimedattrainingusphysicallyandmentally.Itisjustlikeadancethatrequiresyoutolookinsideanddancetotheinternalrhythmsinsteadofmusic.Itwascreatedthousandsofyearsagoasamartialartandspecificallyasadefensiveart.However,nowadaysitsmartialaspectisnotthatpopular.Itispracticedbythousandsofpeoplearoundtheworldmostlybecauseofitsmiraculouseffectsonhumanhealth.Itisoftencalled"meditationinmotion"becauseitcombinesthebody'smovementswithacalmandmeditativestateofmind.27、黃山黃山位于安徽省南部。它風(fēng)景獨(dú)特，尤以其日出和云海著稱。要欣賞大山的宏偉壯麗，通常得向上看。但要欣賞黃山美景，得向下看。黃山的濕潤(rùn)氣候有利于茶樹生成，是中國(guó)主要產(chǎn)茶地之一。這里還有許多溫泉，其泉水有助于防治皮膚病。黃山是中國(guó)主要旅游目的地之一，也是攝影和傳統(tǒng)國(guó)畫最受歡迎的主題。參考譯文：參考譯文：MountHuangislocatedinthesouthofAnhuiprovince.Itslandscapeisunique,anditisespeciallyfamousforitssunriseandseaofclouds.Inordertoappreciatethemagnificenceofthisgreatmountain,onehastolookup,buttoenjoythebeautifulsceneryofMountHuang,onehastolookdown.MountHuang’shumidclimateisfitforthegrowthofteatree,anditisoneofthemajorteatreegrowingareasofChina.TherearealsomanywarmspringsinMountHuang,whosewaterishelpfulforthepreventionandtreatmentofskindiseases.MountHuangisoneofthemajortouristdestinationsinChina,andisalsothemostpopularsubjectofphotographyandtraditionalChinesepaintings.28、方言中國(guó)幅員遼闊，人口眾多，很多地方人們都說自己的方言。方言在發(fā)音上差別最大，詞匯和語(yǔ)法差別較小。有些方言，特別是北方和南方的方言，差異很大，以至于說不同方言的人常常很難聽懂彼此的講話。方言被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)?shù)匚幕囊粋€(gè)組成部分，但近年來能說方言的人數(shù)不斷減少。為了鼓勵(lì)人們更多說本地方言，一些地方政府已經(jīng)采取措施，如在學(xué)校開設(shè)方言課，在廣播和電視上播放方言節(jié)目，以期保存本地的文化遺產(chǎn)。參考譯文：參考譯文：Chinaisavastcountrywithalargepopulation,andinmanyplacespeoplespeaktheirowndialects.Dialectsdiffermostinpronunciation,butlessinvocabularyandgrammar.Somedialects,especiallythosefromthenorthandsouth,aresodifferentthatspeakersofdifferentdialectsoftenhavetroubleunderstandingeachother.Dialectsareconsideredanintegralpartoflocalculture,butthenumberofpeoplewhocanspeakthemhasbeendecreasinginrecentyears.Inordertoencouragepeopletospeakmorelocaldialects,somelocalgovernmentshaveadoptedapproaches,suchasopeningdialectclassesinschoolsandbroadcastingdialectprogramsonradioandtelevisioninordertopreservelocalculturalheritage.29、中國(guó)菜系中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。參考譯文：參考譯文：Chinaisatime-honoredmulti-ethnicnationwithavastterritoryandabundantresources,andeveryethnicgrouphasitsuniqueabundantdishes.Regionalcuisineshavetakenshapeafterlong-historyevolutionundertheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironment,climate,culturaltradition,folkcustomsandotherfactors.ThemostinfluentialandrepresentativeonesareLu,Chuan，Yue,Min,Su，Zhe,XiangandHuiCuisines,whicharecommonlyknownas“EightMajorCuisines”.Dishesinthe“EightMajorCuisines”inChinaarecharacterizedbydiversifiedcookingskills,witheachhavingitsstrongpoints.30、追星“追星（starchasing）”是指人們對(duì)某個(gè)明星特別崇拜（worship想要了解關(guān)于他/她的一切，這種行為多發(fā)生在青少年中?！白沸恰币彩恰半p刃劍（double-edgedsword）?,盲目地“追星”會(huì)分散精力，影響到青少年的學(xué)習(xí)。但若理性對(duì)待，它也有積極的一面。因?yàn)樗梢宰屓藫碛芯茨降膶?duì)象，以他們?yōu)榘駱?，努力追求屬于自己的成功未來?？傊白沸恰庇欣灿斜?，?yīng)該取其精華，棄其糟粕，從而樹立健康的生活態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀。參考譯文：參考譯文：Starchasingreferstoone'sworshipforacelebrityandthestrongfeelingtoknoweverythingabouthimorher.Itmainlyoccursamongadolescents.Starchasingisalsoadouble-edgedsword.Blindlychasingafterstarswilldistracttheattentionoftheyouthfromtheirstudy.However,iftreatedrationally,italsohasapositiveside.Withsomeonetorespect,admireandemulate,theadolescentwillstriveforasuccessfulfuture.Inshort,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinstarchasing.Itsessenceshouldbetakenandthedrossdiscardedsoastofosterhealthylife,attitudesandvalues.31、節(jié)日美食我國(guó)食品種類繁多，節(jié)日食俗也豐富多彩。春節(jié)(theSpringFestival)是我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，人們通常從它的前夜—除夕就開始張羅