2018年考研英語一真題與答案(原題+答案+詳解)

./2018年考研英語一真題〔后附答案詳解SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword<s>foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.<10points>Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____<1>manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____<2>inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____<3>._____<4>,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____<5>peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____<6>pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthat

leadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyand

promptshumansto_____<7>withoneanother.

Swiss

Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____<8>thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____<9>:Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____<10>whoinhaledsomethingelse._____<11>forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____<12>us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____<13>acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____<14>toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____<15>.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____<16>thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____<17>them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____<18>tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____<19>,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____<20>"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from2.A．faithB．concernC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．interest3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．Although

D．When6.A．selectsB．producesC．a(chǎn)ppliesD．maintains7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare8.A．a(chǎn)tB．byC．of

D．to9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over14.A．transferredB．a(chǎn)ddedC．introducedD．entrusted15.A．outB．backC．a(chǎn)roundD．inside16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.〔40pointsText1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.21.[題干]Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A．Leadingpoliticians.B．Low-wagelaborers.C．Robotowners.D．Middle-classworkers.22.[題干]Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A．Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C．IssuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackledD．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.[題干]Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.A．creativepotential.B．job-huntingskills.C．individualneeds.D．cooperativespirit.24.[題干]Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.A．encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.B．increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.C．easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.D．preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.25.[題干]Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.A．pposingviewsonit.B．possiblesolutionstoit.C．itsalarmingimpacts.D．itsmajorvariations.Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews"viasocialmedia．Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,"saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26.[題干]AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson[選項(xiàng)]A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.B．people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.C．theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.D．socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.[題干]Thephrase"beerup"<Line2,Para.2>isclosestinmeaningto

[選項(xiàng)]AA．sharpenB．defineC．boastD．share28.[題干]Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

[選項(xiàng)]A．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.B．verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.C．havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.D．liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust"

29.[題干]TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis[選項(xiàng)]A．readersoutdatedvalues.B．journalists'biasedreportingC．readers'misinterpretationD．journalists'made-upstories.

30.[題干]Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[選項(xiàng)]A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.D．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService<NHS>andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence<AI>companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned．Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit"controlled"thedataandDeepMindmerely"processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.[題干]WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?[選項(xiàng)]A．Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B．Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C．Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectationsD．Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.[題干]TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

[選項(xiàng)]A．emptypromises.B．toughresistance.C．necessaryadjustments.D．sincereapologies.33.[題干]TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[選項(xiàng)]A．privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.B．leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.C．makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.D．thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.[題干]Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis___[選項(xiàng)]A．theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.B．theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.C．theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.D．themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.[題干]Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

[選項(xiàng)]A．a(chǎn)mbiguous.B．cautious.C．a(chǎn)ppreciative.D．contemptuous.Text4TheU.S.PostalService<USPS>continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.NowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolvedDemocrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.[題干]ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby_____.[選項(xiàng)]A．itsunbalancedbudget.B．itsrigidmanagement.C．thecostfortechnicalupgrading.D．thewithdrawalofbanksupport.37.[題干]AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto_____.[選項(xiàng)]A．theinterferencefrominterestgroups.B．theinadequatefundingfromCongress.C．theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.D．theincompetenceofpostalunions.38.[題干]Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby_____.[選項(xiàng)]A．removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.B．makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.C．a(chǎn)doptinganewrate-increasemechanism.D．a(chǎn)ttractingmorefirst-classmailusers.39.[題干]Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith_____.[選項(xiàng)]A．respect.B．tolerance.C．discontent.D．gratitude.40.[題干]Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[選項(xiàng)]A．TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB．ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC．TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD．ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.<10points>[A].InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary<completedin1876>,DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.[D].ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding<EEOB>commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires<includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814>andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.41.[答案]E[解析]很多選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)了EEOB這個簡稱,那么就意味著這個專有名詞一定會先有交代它的全稱,再出現(xiàn)簡稱,這里只有D選項(xiàng)符合.42.[答案]G[解析]選項(xiàng)中有很多時間,所以這篇文章很可能有明顯的時間線,而G出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞ThehistoryoftheEEOB43.[答案]A[解析]InDecemberof1869,出現(xiàn)了早的時間,并且文章內(nèi)容說國會選址開始建,符合邏輯44[答案]B[解析]F段中說到了建了17年,一邊接一邊修建,B中出現(xiàn)完成Completedin1875,符合邏輯45.[答案]D[解析]講完了建筑特色,再說很多名人在其中發(fā)生的歷史事件,符合邏輯PartCTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.<10points>46>BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.[解析]本句主干為Europewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation.句首bythedateofhisbirth,考查代詞指代,回上文可知為：莎士比亞.undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy為定語,修飾thecreation.[參考譯文]莎士比亞出生之時,宗教戲劇在歐洲正逐漸消亡,而在經(jīng)典悲劇和戲劇的激發(fā)下,這里正在形成各種新的戲劇形式.47>noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.[解析]本句的主干為：noboycouldbeignorantthat...,意思為：沒有人會不了解...,可以翻譯成：人都了解whowenttoagrammarschool為定語從句,修飾noboy,可以前置翻譯為：去文法學(xué)校的人都了解之后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,賓語從句的主干為thedramawasaformofliterature,之后為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾aformofliterature,定語從句中mightyetdo意思為：遲早會...,定語從句可采用后置的翻譯方法：它已經(jīng)給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀,也可能會給英國帶來榮耀.[參考譯文]那些去文法學(xué)校的人都知道,戲劇是文學(xué)的一種形式,它已經(jīng)給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀,也遲早會給英國帶來榮耀.48>Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.[解析]本句為并列句.前半句theprofessionalcompanies專業(yè)公司,在本文中指的是專業(yè)戲劇公司.permanent意為：永久的,固定的,theirpermanenttheaters可翻譯為：固定的劇院.前半句可翻譯為：但是,專業(yè)戲劇公司有了固定的劇院而繁榮發(fā)展起來.后半句withliteraryambitions修飾universitymen,可斷句翻譯為：有文學(xué)抱負(fù)的大學(xué)生迅速投身這些劇院,將其視為謀生的手段.[參考譯文]但是,專業(yè)戲劇公司在固定的劇院中繁榮發(fā)展起來,有文學(xué)抱負(fù)的大學(xué)生迅速投身這些劇院,并將其視為謀生的手段.49>Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.[解析]本句為并列句,前半句主干為anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,可翻譯為：一種當(dāng)?shù)氐奈膶W(xué)戲劇形式已經(jīng)被創(chuàng)立,其中被動語態(tài)可以直接翻譯為：產(chǎn)生出來.itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),意思為：它和公共劇院的聯(lián)盟關(guān)系被確立,可翻譯為：它與公共劇院建立了聯(lián)盟關(guān)系.后半句主干為：traditionshadbeenbegun,可翻譯為：最終這種戲劇的一些偉大傳統(tǒng)也開始出現(xiàn).[參考譯文]一種當(dāng)?shù)氐奈膶W(xué)戲劇藝術(shù)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了,它與公眾劇院也建立了聯(lián)盟關(guān)系,而最終這種戲劇的一些偉大傳統(tǒng)也開始出現(xiàn).50>Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.[解析]本句主干為wemustrememberthat...andthat句首不定式短語中torealize后為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,可以翻譯為：要想知道戲劇藝術(shù)的偉大之處.further為狀語,修飾remember,可翻譯為：還必須記住.hostsofplays翻譯為：大量的戲劇作品,其種plays應(yīng)翻譯為"戲劇作品".第二個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主干為thereisnoauthor,之后ofnote意思為：重要的、引人注目的、著名的.之后為whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾authorofnote,定語從句可用融合法,翻譯為：沒有著名戲劇作者的完整作品保存下來.[參考譯文]要想知道戲劇藝術(shù)的偉大之處,我們還必須記住大量的戲劇作品已經(jīng)丟失,而且或許我們也不會知道那些沒有完整作品保存下來的劇作家SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemtoattendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldstatethetime,placeandotherinformationabouttheceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.<10points>范文：DearExperts,IamthechairmanoftheStudents'Unionofour

university.Asweallknow,ourgraduationceremony

isaroundthecorner.AndIamwritingforthepurposeofasking

whetheryoucanhonorustoattendit.YouareadmiredbyallthestudentsandwewouldbegratefulifyoucouldbepresentattheceremonytobeheldinourauditoriumonJune26th,at7p.m.Andonbehalfoftheuniversity,Igenuinelyinviteyoutobeourdistinguishedgueststoawardgraduationcertificatestostudentswhohavecompletedtherequiredcourseworkatpassinggrades.Ifso,furtherdetailsabouttheactivitywillbesent.Yourpresencesarecordiallyrequestedandappreciated,andIamlookingforwardtoyourrepliesatyourearliestconvenience.

Yourssincerely,

LiMingPartB52.Directions

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,youshould1>describethepicturesbriefly;2>interpretthemeaning,and3>giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.<20pointsInfrontofadesktopsitsayoungboywhoisstaringatthescreenandselectingthecurriculum.Apparently,atraceofhesitancyshowedinhiseyes.Heisconsideringwhethertochoosethecourseswhicharehighscored,easilypassedwithlesshomework,ortochoosethosethatcontainnewknowledge,focusoncreatingandaredifficulttolearn.Theimplicationechoedbythiscartooncanbesummarizedasaphilosophictopicinourdailylife：thesuccessofamanisclosely

relatedtothechoicemadebyhimself.Nevertheless,Icherishabeliefthatwecannottellwhethertheselectionisgoodornot,andaslongasweadheretoourdecision,successwillberealizedstepbystep.Althoughmakingachoiceisessentialtohelpdeterminethedirectionofourway,judgedfromthepersonalaspect,persistencefunctionsasanindispensabledrivingforcetokeepupourspiritandtoassistustofulfillourstudyandwork.However,somepeople,pacingupanddown,arenotindustriousandtrytofindashort-cutsuccess.Infact,onlythosewhoarehard-workingandbraveenoughtoencounterobstaclesofallsortsaremostlikelytoreachthesummitofsuccess.Accordingly,persistenceandmakingourowndecisionrationallyarebad