英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯

詞類partsofspeech第一頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。實(shí)詞notionalwordnounpronounverbadjectiveadverbnumeral虛詞formwordarticleprepositionconjunctioninterjection第二頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。名詞noun縮寫n.☆普通名詞commonnoun(集體名詞collectivenoun/個(gè)體名詞individualnoun

物質(zhì)名詞materialnoun/抽象名詞abstractnoun)☆專有名詞propernoun☆可數(shù)名詞countablenoun

不可數(shù)名詞uncountablenoun☆單數(shù)singularnumber

復(fù)數(shù)pluralnumber☆名詞的格caseofnoun

主格nominativecase

賓格objectivecase

所有格possessivecase

名詞所有格

thepossessivecaseofnouns第三頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。☆冠詞article縮寫art.定冠詞definitearticle

不定冠詞indefinitearticle☆數(shù)詞numeral

縮寫num.基數(shù)詞cardinalnumeral

序數(shù)詞ordinalnumeral第四頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。連詞conjunction縮寫conj.☆并列連詞coordinatingconjunction

從屬連詞subordinatingconjunction☆簡(jiǎn)單連詞simpleconjunction☆關(guān)連連詞correlativeconjunction☆分詞連詞participleconjunction☆短語(yǔ)連詞phrasalconjunction感嘆詞interjection縮寫int.第五頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。代詞pronoun縮寫pron.☆人稱代詞personalpronoun☆物主代詞possessivepronoun

nominalpossessivepronoun名詞性物主代詞

adjectialpossessivepronoun形容詞性物主代詞☆反身代詞

reflexivepronoun☆相互代詞reciprocalpronouneg:eachother☆指示代詞demonstrativepronoun☆疑問(wèn)代詞interrogativepronoun☆關(guān)系代詞relativepronoun☆不定代詞indefinitepronouneg:somesomething……第六頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。介詞preposition縮寫prep.☆簡(jiǎn)單介詞simplepreposition☆復(fù)合介詞compoundpreposition☆二重介詞doublepreposition☆短語(yǔ)介詞phrasalpreposition☆分詞介詞participlepreposition☆介詞短語(yǔ)prepositionalphrase第七頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。形容詞adjective縮寫adj.☆比較等級(jí)degreesofcomparison☆原級(jí)positivedegree☆比較級(jí)comparativedegree☆最高級(jí)superlativedegree第八頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。副詞adverb縮寫adv.頻度副詞adverboffrenquency方式副詞adverbofmanner時(shí)間副詞adverboftime地點(diǎn)副詞adverbofplace程度副詞adverbofdegree疑問(wèn)副詞interrogative

adverb關(guān)系副詞relativeadverb連接副詞conjunctiveadverb第九頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。動(dòng)詞verb//縮寫v.☆限定動(dòng)詞finiteverb非限定動(dòng)詞non-finiteformsoftheverb(動(dòng)詞不定式infinitive/動(dòng)名詞gerund/‘d?er?nd//分詞participle/現(xiàn)在分詞present

participle過(guò)去分詞pastparticiple獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)absoluteconstruction)☆實(shí)義動(dòng)詞notionalverb連系動(dòng)詞linkverb

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modalverb助動(dòng)詞auxiliaryverb

使役動(dòng)詞

causativeverb感官動(dòng)詞

verbofsenses

動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞

eventverb靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞

stateverb☆及物動(dòng)詞transitiveverb不及物動(dòng)詞intransitiveverb☆規(guī)則動(dòng)詞regularverb

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞irregularverb

☆動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)phrasalverb第十頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。動(dòng)詞的基本形式principalformsoftheverb動(dòng)詞原形baseformoftheverb過(guò)去式pasttenseform

動(dòng)詞regularverb不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞irregularverb過(guò)去分詞pastparticiple現(xiàn)在分詞presentparticiple

時(shí)態(tài)tense形式

form單數(shù)形式

singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式

pluralform限定動(dòng)詞

finiteverbform非限定動(dòng)詞

non-finiteverbform第十一頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。句子sentence第十二頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。句子成分membersofthesentence☆主語(yǔ)subject同位語(yǔ)appositive☆謂語(yǔ)predicate['predikit]

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞predicateverb☆表語(yǔ)predicative['predikeitiv]定語(yǔ)attribute賓語(yǔ)objective雙賓語(yǔ)

dualobject直接賓語(yǔ)

directobject間接賓語(yǔ)

indirectobject復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

complexobject同源賓語(yǔ)

cognateobject☆狀語(yǔ)adverbial插入語(yǔ)parenthesis☆補(bǔ)語(yǔ)complement

主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)subject

complement

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)objectcomplement

句子的獨(dú)立成分independentelementsofthesentence第十三頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。句子的分類classificationofthesentence簡(jiǎn)單句

simplesentence并列句

compoundsentence復(fù)合句

complexsentence并列復(fù)合句

compoundcomplexsentence陳述句

declarativesentence(肯定positivesentence

否定negativesentence)祈使句

imperativesentence感嘆句

exclamatorysentence疑問(wèn)句interrogativesentence一般疑問(wèn)句

generalquestion特殊疑問(wèn)句

specialquestion選擇疑問(wèn)句

alternativequestion反義疑問(wèn)句

disjunctivequestion附加疑問(wèn)句

tagquestion修辭疑問(wèn)句

rhetoricalquestion感嘆疑問(wèn)句

exclamatoryquestion存在句

existentialsentence省略句

ellipticalsentence基本句型

basicsentencepattern第十四頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。并列句和復(fù)合句compoundsentenceandcomplexsentence關(guān)聯(lián)詞connective從句clause從屬句subordinateclause并列句

coordinateclause☆名詞從句nominalclause主語(yǔ)從句subjectclause賓語(yǔ)從句objectiveclause表語(yǔ)從句predicativeclause同位語(yǔ)從句oppositiveclause☆定語(yǔ)從句attributiveclause限制性定語(yǔ)從句restrictiveattributiveClause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句non-restrictiveattributiveClause

第十五頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。

狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclause時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseoftime地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseofplace原因狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseofcause條件狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseofcondition結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseofpurpose方式狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclausemanner讓步狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclauseconcession程度狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclausedegree比較狀語(yǔ)從句adverbialclausecomparison真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄條件句

adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition錯(cuò)綜條件句

adverbialclauseofmixedcondition第十六頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。句法關(guān)系

syntacticrelationship并列

coordinate

從屬

subordination修飾modification前置修飾

pre-modification

后置修飾

post-modification限制

restriction雙重限制

double-restriction

非限制

non-restriction數(shù)

number單數(shù)形式

singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式

pluralform規(guī)則形式

regularform不規(guī)則形式

irregularform第十七頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。格case普通格

commoncase所有格

possessivecase主格nominativecase賓格objectivecase性gender陽(yáng)性

masculine

陰性

feminine通性

common

中性

neuter人稱

person第一人稱

firstperson第二人稱

secondperson第三人稱

thirdperson第十八頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。時(shí)態(tài)tense第十九頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。時(shí)態(tài)tense☆時(shí)間time☆方面aspect☆一般時(shí)態(tài)simple

tense

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)simple

presenttense

一般過(guò)去時(shí)simplepasttense

一般將來(lái)時(shí)simplefuturetense

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)simplepastfuturetense☆進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)progressivetense

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)presentprogressivetense

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)pastprogressivetense

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)futureprogressivetense

過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)pastfutureprogressivetense第二十頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)?！钔瓿蓵r(shí)態(tài)perfecttense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)presentperfecttense

過(guò)去完成時(shí)pastperfecttense

將來(lái)完成時(shí)futureperfecttense☆完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)perfectprogressivetense

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)pastfutureperfecttense

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)presentperfectprogressivetense

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)pastperfectprogressivetense☆時(shí)態(tài)一致sequenceoftenses第二十一頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)?！钫Z(yǔ)態(tài)voice主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)activevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)passivevoice☆語(yǔ)氣mood陳述語(yǔ)氣indicativemood祈使語(yǔ)氣imperativemood虛擬語(yǔ)氣subjunctivemood☆否定negation否定范圍

scopeofnegation全部否定

fullnegation局部否定

partialnegation轉(zhuǎn)移否定

shiftofnegation第二十二頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)?！钫Z(yǔ)序order自然語(yǔ)序

naturalorder倒裝語(yǔ)序

inversion全部倒裝

fullinversion部分倒裝

partialinversion直接引語(yǔ)

directspeech間接引語(yǔ)

indirectspeech自由直接引語(yǔ)

freedirectspeech自由間接引語(yǔ)

freeindirectspeech第二十三頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)?！钜恢耡greement主謂一致

subject-predicateagreement語(yǔ)法一致

grammaticalagreement概念一致

notionalagreement就近原則

principleofproximity強(qiáng)調(diào)

emphasis重復(fù)

repetition語(yǔ)音

pronunciation語(yǔ)調(diào)

tone升調(diào)

risingtone降調(diào)

fallingtone降升調(diào)

falling-risingtone第二十四頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)?！钤~法morphology☆句法syntax☆詞序wordorder☆形式主語(yǔ)formalsubject☆形式賓語(yǔ)formalobject☆省略ellipsis☆倒裝inversion部分倒裝partialInversion☆句子分析sentenceanalysis☆名詞短語(yǔ)nounphrase☆代詞短語(yǔ)pronominalphrase☆形容詞短語(yǔ)adjectivalphrase☆動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)verbphrase☆副詞短語(yǔ)adverbialphrase第二十五頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共29頁(yè)。169.PartialInversion部分倒裝17