報關(guān)與國際貨運專業(yè)英語Module Two 第一單元

ModuleTwoInspectionDeclaration

Unit1IntroductiontoEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineⅠ.ConceptofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantinereferstothesupervisionandmanagementworkofinspectionandquarantineagenciesandorgans,includinginspection,quarantineandcertificationontheentry&exitgoods,conveyanceandpersons.

一、出入境檢驗檢疫的概念出入境檢驗檢疫是指檢驗檢疫部門和檢驗檢疫機構(gòu)依照法律.行政法規(guī)和國際慣例等的要求，對出入境的貨物、交通運輸工具、人員等進行檢驗檢疫、認證及簽發(fā)官方檢驗檢疫證明等監(jiān)督管理工作。Ⅱ.EmergenceofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.In1348,thefirsthealthquarantinestationwassetupinVenice,Italy.2.In1864,thefirstChinesecommodityinspectionagencies,ShanghaiRenjiForeignFirm,theissuanceagentofLloyd'sofLondonstartedthebusinessofmarineinsurance,shipinspection,andevaluation.3.In1928,NationalGovernmentDepartmentofTradeandIndustryissuedProvisionalRulesofCommodityExportInspection,whichwasthefirstregulationoncommodityinspectioninChina.4.In1929,ShanghaiCommodityInspectionBureauundertheMinistryofIndustryandCommercewasestablished,whichwasthefirstofficialcommodityinspectionagenciesestablishedbygovernment.5.In1932,theRepublicofChinaissuedCommodityInspectionAct,thefirstlawofChinesecommodityinspection.6.TheonlytwobureausofcommodityinspectionexistingduringAnti-JapaneseWarweretheChongqingCommodityInspectionBureauandtheKunmingCommodityInspectionBureau.7.In1940,Wang'spuppetgovernmentcontinuedtoimplementCommodityInspectionAct,andsetCommodityInspectionBureausinShanghai,Tianjin,Qingdaoandothercities.8.AfterthefoundationofnewChina,theForeignTradeDivisionundertheCentralMinistryofTradeestablishedtheCommodityInspectionDepartment,unifiedthenationalcommodityinspectionwork,andsetuplocalCommodityInspectionBureauacrossthecountry.9.In1952,theCentralMinistryofTradewasdividedintotheCommerceofDepartmentandtheForeignTradeMinistry.10.In1959,PremierZhouemphasizedthatforeigntradersshouldabidebythecontract,behonestandfocusonthequalityratherthanthequantity,regardingthequalityproblemsintheimportandexportcommodities.11.In1972,theForeignTradeMinistryissuednotificationonstrengtheningthequalityinspectionofexportcommoditiesinviewofthequalityreductionprobleminexportcommodities.12.In1980,CommodityInspectionBureauoftheMinistryofForeignTradewaschangedintotheGeneralAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditiessupervisedbyboththecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernment,andthecentralgovernmentplaysthemainleadingrole.13.In1982,theStateCouncilwasrestructuredandtheGeneralAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditieswasrenamedtheStateAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditiessupervisedbyMOFTEC（theMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation）.14.OnFebruary21st,1989,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonImportandExportCommodityInspectionwasapproved.15.In1992,approvedbytheStateCouncil,theRegulationsfortheImplementationoftheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonImportandExportCommodityInspectionpromulgatedbyStateAdministrationofImportandExportCommodityInspectioncameintoforce.16.In1903,theCentral-eastRailwayAdministrationsetupVeterinaryQuarantineDepartment,whichwasthefirstanimalandplantquarantineinstitutioninChina.17.In1927,theInspectionStationforFur,LeatherandMeatundertheMinistryofAgricultureandIndustrywasestablishedinTianjin,anditwasofficialanimalandplantquarantineorganinChina.18.OnOctober30th,1991,theLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheEntryandExitAnimalandPlantQuarantinewaspromulgated.In1995,StateAnimalandPlantQuarantineStationwasrenamedGeneralAdministrationofAnimalandPlantInspection.19.In1873,ShanghaiandXiamenCustomssetuphealthandquarantineinstitutions,whichwerethebeginningofthehealthandquarantinewithinChina'sterritory.20.In1986,theFrontierHealthandQuarantineLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawaspromulgated,andin1992,allsanitaryquarantineofficeswererenamedhygienequarantinebureaus,andin1995,GeneralHealthQuarantineBureauwasrenamedtheHealthQuarantineBureauofPRC.二、出入境檢驗檢疫的產(chǎn)生1.1348年意大利政府在威尼斯港建立了世界上第一個衛(wèi)生檢疫站。2.1864年，由英商勞合社的保險代理人上海仁記洋行代辦水險和船舶檢驗、鑒定業(yè)務(wù)，這是中國第一個辦理商檢的機構(gòu)。3.1928年，國民政府工商部頒布了《商品出口檢驗暫行規(guī)則》，這是中國有關(guān)商品檢驗的第一個法規(guī)。4.1929年，工商部上海商品檢驗局成立，這是中國第一個由國家設(shè)立的官方商品檢驗機構(gòu)。5.1932年，國民政府行政院通過了《商品檢驗法》，這是中國商品檢驗最早的法律。6.抗戰(zhàn)時期僅存的兩個商品檢驗局是重慶商檢局和昆明商檢局。7.1940年，汪偽政府也照搬了原國民政府的商檢法，并設(shè)立上海、天津和青島等商檢局。8.新中國成立以后，中央貿(mào)易部國外貿(mào)易司設(shè)立了商品檢驗處，統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國商檢工作，并在各地設(shè)立商檢局。9.1952年，中央貿(mào)易部分為商業(yè)部和對外貿(mào)易部。10.1959年，周恩來總理針對進出口商品存在的質(zhì)量問題，強調(diào)對外貿(mào)易必須“重合同、守信用，重質(zhì)先于重量”。11.1972年，針對出口商品質(zhì)量下降等問題，對外貿(mào)易部發(fā)出“關(guān)于把好出口商品質(zhì)量關(guān)的通知”。12.1980年，將外貿(mào)部商品檢驗總局改為進出口商品檢驗總局，中央地方雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為主。13.1982年，國務(wù)院機構(gòu)改革，進出口商品檢驗總局更名為進出口商品檢驗局，由外經(jīng)貿(mào)部管理。14.1989年2月21日通過了《中華人民共和國進出口商品檢驗法》。15.1992年，經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準，由國家商檢局發(fā)布施行《中華人民共和國進出口商品檢驗法實施條例》。16.1903年，在中東鐵路管理局建立了鐵路獸醫(yī)檢疫處，這是中國最早的進出境動植物檢疫機構(gòu)。17.1927年，天津成立的“農(nóng)工部毛革肉類檢查所”，是中國官方最早的動植物檢疫機構(gòu)。18.1991年10月30日公布了《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法》，1995年國家動植物檢疫總所更名為國家動植物檢疫局。19.1873年，在上海、廈門海關(guān)設(shè)立衛(wèi)生檢疫機構(gòu)，這是中國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫的雛形。20.1986年公布了《中華人民共和國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫法》，1992年各地衛(wèi)生檢疫所更名為衛(wèi)生檢疫局，1995年中華人民共和國衛(wèi)生檢疫總所更名為中華人民共和國衛(wèi)生檢疫局。

Ⅲ.TheDevelopmentofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.InMarch,1998,theStateCouncilcarriedoutinstitutionalreform.StateAdministrationofImportandExportCommoditiesInspection,StateAdministrationofAnimalandPlantquarantine,andStateAdministrationofHealthandQuarantineweremergedtoestablishtheAdministrationofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine,namelycombiningthreeinspectionsintoone.

2.OnApril10th,2001,theformerAdministrationofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineandChinaStateBureauofQualityTechnicalSupervision（CSBTS）weremergedtosetuptheGeneralAdministrationforQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantine（AQSIQ）.Atthesametime,theCertificationandAccreditationAdministrationofthePRCandtheStandardizationAdministrationofthePRCwereestablishedtoseparatelymanagetheworkofqualitycertificationandaccreditationaswellasstandardization.

三、出入境檢驗檢疫的發(fā)展1.1998年3月，國務(wù)院實施機構(gòu)改革，國家進出口商品檢驗局、國家動植物檢疫局、國家衛(wèi)生檢疫局合并組建國家出入境檢驗檢疫局，即“三檢合一”。2.2001年4月10日，原國家出入境檢驗檢疫局和國家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局合并成立國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局，同時成立國家認證認可監(jiān)督管理委員會和國家標準化管理委員會，分別管理全國質(zhì)量認證、認可和標準化工作。Ⅳ.

LegalStatusofChinaEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.

ThelegalstatusofChinaEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisfundamentallyestablishedbytheformoflaw.2.TheStateAdministrationforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine（SAIQ）istheadministrativelawenforcementinstitutionsoffourlaws,andpossesseslawrights.Withtheaimofthecentralization,unityandconsistency,itimplementstheverticalsystemofleadershipapprovedbytheStateCouncil.3.TherelativelycompletedlawandregulationsysteminChinaisthefoundationforinspectionandquarantineinstitutionstoimplementlaw.4.ThecompletesupervisionproceduresofChinainspection&quarantinelawsandregulationsguaranteetheefficientenforcementoflaws.FromJanuary1st,2000,thenewcustomsclearancemodewascarriedout:inspectiondeclarationfirst,customssecond.四、中國出入境檢驗檢疫的法律地位1.國家以法律形式從根本上確定了中國出入境檢驗檢疫的法律地位。2.中國出入境檢驗檢疫機構(gòu)是四部法律的行政執(zhí)法機構(gòu)，依法具有執(zhí)法主體地位。為強調(diào)執(zhí)法的集中統(tǒng)一和一致對外，國務(wù)院批準檢驗檢疫部門實行垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。3.中國相對完成的出入境檢驗檢疫法律法規(guī)體系，是檢驗檢疫機構(gòu)依法施檢的執(zhí)法基礎(chǔ)。4.中國檢驗檢疫法律法規(guī)具有完備的監(jiān)管程序，保證了法律的有效實施。自2000年1月1日起，我國實行的新通關(guān)模式為：“先報檢、再報關(guān)?！雹?TheRoleofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheembodimentofnationalsovereignty.2.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheembodimentofnationalmanagementfunction.3.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheguaranteeofsuccessfultransactionsandsustainabledevelopmentofChineseforeigntrade.4.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisofsignificantmeaninginprotectingtheproductionsafetyofagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfishery,promotingtheforeigntradeofagriculturalandanimalproductsandprotectingcitizen'shealth.5.Theimplementationoffrontierhealthquarantineinentry-exitinspectionandquarantineistheguaranteeofourpeople'shealth.五、中國出入境檢驗檢疫的作用其包括：①出入境檢驗檢疫是國家主權(quán)的體現(xiàn)。②出入境檢驗檢疫是國家管理職能的體現(xiàn)。③出入境檢驗檢疫是中國對外貿(mào)易順利進行和持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。④出入境檢驗檢疫對保護農(nóng)林牧漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全、促進農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品的對外貿(mào)易和保護人體健康具有重要的意義。⑤出入境檢驗檢疫實施國境衛(wèi)生檢疫是保護我國人民健康的重要屏障。Ⅵ.ObjectiveandTaskofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisageneralterm,includingtheinspection,quarantine,appraisalsupervisionandadministrationontheentry&exitcommodities,theconveyance（forgoods,animals,plantsandpassengers）,transportationequipment,andhealthquarantineonentrypersonsaswellashealthsupervisionattheport,whichareallconductedbytheentry&exitinstitutionsinaccordancewithnationalinspectionandquarantinelawsandregulations.

TheobjectiveandtaskofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineinclude:

Firstly,implementinspection,appraisal,supervisionandadministrationovertheentry-exitcommodities.Strengthentheinspectionofentry-exitcommodities,standardizeinspectionandquarantineprocedureinordertoprotectpublicinterestandlegalrightofallrelevantpartiesinimportandexporttrade,andpromoteforeigntradedevelopment.

Secondly,implementquarantine,supervisionandadministrationontheentry-exitanimals,plantsandtheirproductsincludingconveyanceandthepackingmaterials,topreventgermsandpestsfrombeingbroughtinoroutandprotecthumanhealthandglobalenvironment.

Thirdly,implementfrontierhealthquarantineandporthealthsupervisionovertheentry-exitpersons,conveyance,transportationequipmentandpotentialtransmissionmedialikeluggage,goods,andparcels,topreventthetransmissionofinfectiousdisease.

Fourthly,breakTechnicalBarrierstoTrade（TBTininternationaltrade）.

六、出入境檢驗檢疫的目的和任務(wù)出入境檢驗檢疫工作是出入境檢驗檢疫機構(gòu)依照國家檢驗檢疫法律法規(guī)規(guī)定，對進出境的商品以及運載這些商品、動植物和旅客的交通工具、運輸設(shè)備，分別實施檢驗、檢疫、鑒定、監(jiān)督管理，對出入境人員實施衛(wèi)生檢疫及口岸衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督的統(tǒng)稱。出入境檢驗檢疫的目的和任務(wù)包括：第一，對進出口商品進行檢驗、鑒定和監(jiān)督管理，加強進出口商品檢驗工作，規(guī)范進出口商品檢驗行為，維護社會公共利益和進出口貿(mào)易有關(guān)各方的合法權(quán)益，促進對外貿(mào)易的順利發(fā)展。第二，對出入境動植物及其產(chǎn)品，包括其運輸工具及包裝材料進行檢疫和監(jiān)督管理，防止病菌害蟲等傳入或傳出，保護人類健康及國際環(huán)境。

第三，對出入境人員、交通工具、運輸設(shè)備以及可能傳播病菌的行李、貨物、郵包等物品實施國境衛(wèi)生檢疫和口岸衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督，防止傳染病的傳播。第四，打破國際貿(mào)易中的技術(shù)性壁壘Ⅶ.ManagementSystemandInstitutionalFrameworkofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.AQSIQ（GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervisionInspectionandQuarantine）appliesverticalmanagementoverentry&exitinspectionandquarantineorgans.2.AQSIQisthetopleadingunitinthequalitysupervisionsystemandresponsibleforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineacrossthecountry.Itisalsoaministerial-leveldepartmentdirectlyundertheStateCouncil.3.Entry-exitinstitutionsaredividedintothreelevelswhichareAQSIQ,administrationsofentry-exitinspectionandquarantine,andthebranchentry-exitinspectionandquarantineinstitution.4.Thebranchentry-e