2022-2023學(xué)年重慶市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年重慶市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。AAssistantProfessor，MusicalTheatreDance

WichitaStateUniversityseeksafull-time，9-monthassistantprofessor，beginninginAugust.Applicantsarerequiredtohaveadegreeindancearea，teachingexperienceataprofessionalorcollegelevel，abilitytodirectandteachstagemovement.Thesalarydependsonqualificationsandexperience.

Forcompleteinformation，visithttp：//.

FullProfessorinTheatreandDance

TheDepartmentofTheatre&；DanceattheUniversityAmmaatSanDiego（http：///）isseekinganexperiencedtheatreartistinlightingdesign.Applicantsmustworkforusforatleast10months.Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired.Thispositionisexpectedtoteachatbothgraduateandundergraduatelevels.

AreviewofapplicationswillstartonJune1st.Applicationdeadline：September1st.

TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts

DeSalesUniversity'sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector.Thepositionisa10-monthstaffpositionwiththepossibilityofsummeremploymentwithThePennsylvaniaShakespeareFestival.Professionalexperienceisrequired.MFAispreferred.

Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@.Screeningofapplicationsbeginsimmediatelyandwillcontinueuntilthepositionisfilled.

AssistantDirector-mediaResourcesCenter

MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision.

QualificationsforthepositionincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldswithaknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning.

Areviewofapplicationswillbeginimmediately；jobannouncementswillremainopenuntilthepositionisfilled.Applicantsarerequiredtoworkforusatleast11months.Theycansendemailstojobs@.Thesalarydiffersdependingonyourexperience.Pleaseincludeyourdesiredsalaryinyourapplicationletter.1.WhataretherequirementstobeafullprofessorinTheatreandDance？______A.Havingagraduateorundergraduatedegree.

B.Beingabletoteachstagemovement.

C.Beinganexperiencedtheatreartistinthedancearea.

D.Havingmuchprofessionalexperience.2.Whatshouldanapplicantdoifhewantstobeatechnicaldirector？______A.Contactjobs@.

B.Visithttp：///.

C.Contactjohn.bell@.

D.Visithttp：//.3.Whichofthefollowingrequiresinterpersonalandcommunicationskills？______A.WichitaStateUniversity.

B.MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt.

C.DesalesUniversity.

D.TheUniversityofCalifornia.BHuangDanian，thewell-knownChinesegeophysicist，wasbornin1958inGuangxi，China.Asakeenandablestudent，HuangwenttotheUKin1993tofurtherhisstudies.

BythetimeHuangmovedbacktoChinain2008，hehadbeenlivingandworkingintheUKfor15years.Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology，Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe"ThousandTalent"programme.HetookupapositionatJilinUniversity，Changchun.

HuangwasnamedleadscientistonChina'sdeepearthexplorationprogramme，developingadvancedcamerasthatcanseethroughtheEarth'scrust（外殼）sothatitcanbeanalysedwithouthavingtodigintoit.Hesetupanadvancedlab，sometimespayingforequipmentwithhisownmoney.Somedescribedhimasa"lunatic"（a"madman"），butthispassion（熱情）anddriveenabledHuangtopushforwardsChina'sdeepearthexplorationtechnologyintoaworld-leadingposition.Huang'sdevotioncontributedtoChina'slunarprobe（月球探測(cè)器）Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.

Huang'shealthalsopaidthepriceforhiscommitmenttohiswork.Hebeganhavingfaintingfits（昏厥）in2012，butpaidthemlittleattention，statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor——hisworkalwayscamefirst.InNovember2016，Huangfaintedandwastakentohospital，wherehewasdiagnosedwithcancer.Thediseasewassoadvancedthathehadjustacoupleofmonthstolive.

Likethetruescientisthewas，Huangnevergaveup，butalwaystriedtopushforwards.Evenfromhishospitalbed，hecontinuedhiswork，writinglettersofreferenceforhiscolleaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.HuangdiedinJanuary2017，agedjust58.Morethan800peopleattendedhisfuneraltocelebratealifethatburnedsobright，butwassoshort.4.HuangreturnedtoChinain2008because______.A.hedesiredtodevotehimselftohismotherland

B.the"ThousandTalent"programattractedhim

C.JilinUniversityofferedhimatopposition

D.hewasn'tsatisfiedwiththelifeintheUK5.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？______A.China'saerospacedevelopment.

B.Huang'sworkingattitudeandstyle.

C.China'sdeepearthexplorationtechnology.

D.Huang'sgreatcontributionstoChina.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs？______A.TheworkingenvironmentcausedHuang'sdisease.

B.Huangworkedcontinuouslydespitehispoorhealth.

C.Huangwastakentohospitalafterhefaintedin2012.

D.AlargesumofmoneywaspaidtotreatHuang'sillness.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHuangDanian？______A.Generousandhonest. B.Hardworkinganddetermined.

C.Modestandcourageous. D.Passionateandpatient.CEverytimewegetonaplane，we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode-it'sfor"securityreasons"。ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite，havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis"aserviceissue，notasafetyone"。

Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair，theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones."It'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith，ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker，"theMirrornoted."Itisnotsafety-critical，butisannoyingforsure."Thoughspeakingonaphoneduringaflightisn'tdangerous，fromtheviewpointofservice，itisn'tstillagoodidea.Whenwemakeorreceiveacallontheground，weconnecttoacelltowerthatdealswithallcallswithinan80-kilometerradius（半徑）．Aswemovefromplacetoplaceweare"handedon"todifferentcelltowers.AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains，forthissystemtowork，thereare"built-in"expectations：Thereshouldn'tbetoomany"handoffs"andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds."Ofcourse，phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground."headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew，however，noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse，ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.

Butnowthingsarebeginningtochange.Ifwestillcan'tspeakduringaflight，wecanuseotherphonefunctions.Forexample，AirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineshasinflightWiFitomakepassengerssendandreceiveshortmessagesintheair.Inthefuture，asBilenpointsout，itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe"picocells"，whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.Therewouldnolongerbeconnectionsmadebetweenphonesandthegroundandthereforetherewouldbenodangerofdisturbanceofphoneservice.

Oneday，perhaps，wewillbechattingintheairasmuchaswechatontheground.8.WhyismakingaphonecallNOTallowedonaplane？______A.Becauseitwillposeathreattotheirsafety.

B.Becauseitcanguaranteeabetterservice.

C.Becauseitfailstobeconnectedtothecelltower.

D.Becauseitmaycauseannoyingnoisetopilots.9.Howmany"built-in"expectationsarementionedtohelpmakeacall？______A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.Peopleneedtotravelslowerthanairplanespeedswhilephoning.

B.Picocellsmaycontributetofreephonecallsonaplane.

C.Undisturbedphoneservicehasbeenprovidedbyairlines.

D.PassengerscanreceivecallsonAirbusA330throughinflightWiFi.11.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom？______A.Anewspaper. B.Anofficialdocument.

C.Aguidebook. D.Asciencefictionstory.DWeknowthatChinaisthelargestandfastest-growingconsumermarketintheworld.Whatislesswellunderstoodaretheforcesthatshapeconsumerismintheworldsmostpopulouscountry.Inmyview,therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.

Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名地）.YoumightnevergettoFrance,butyoucantryFrenchwine.Californiamightbefaraway,butyoucangotoShanghaiDisneyland.Indeed,theenthusiasmforchoiceisreflectedintheenthusiasmChineseconsumershaveforonlineshopping.

Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof"conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支配的）incomeandyoucan-atleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures--apairofNikes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.

Collectiveexperienceisfocused.Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO，theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes.Socialmediareinforces（強(qiáng)化）thiscollectivepatternsothatshoppinganddiningaresharedexperiences.Opinionsarecrowd-sourced.Andthemerchantsreinforcethispatternbysupportingholidaysales,groupbuying,andotherpromotions.

SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.Theconsumermustnotonlybedelightedwithyourproduct.Thejourneyoftheconsumermustalsorespectthesesocio-culturalaspects.12.What'smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage？______A.China'spopulationgrowingwealthier.

B.China'sfast-growingmarketeconomy.

C.Chinesesocio-culturalinfluencesonconsumerism.

D.Chineseconsumers'preferenceofqualitytoquantity.13.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson？______A.Shoppingonlineisanewexperience.

B.Consumptioncanbeareflectionoffreedom.

C.ForeignproductscanbepurchasedinChina.

D.Shoppingaroundtheworldisafavorablechoice.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"conspicuousconsumption"inparagraph3mean？______A.Theabilitytocoverone'srealneedsindailylife.

B.Spendingmoneyinordertokeepupwithothers.

C.Thepurchaseofexpensiveitemstodisplaystatus.

D.Buyingabundantgoodstoacquirepersonalidentity.15.WhydoestheauthorthinkFOMOisstrongerinChina？______A.Socialmediaplayabiggerroleintheirlives.

B.Followingthetrendiswhatpeoplelikebetter.

C.Chinesepeoplehavelesscontactwiththestrangers.

D.Confuciancultureislesslikelytoappreciateoutsiders.二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。Don'tRuinHealthyEatingWhenYouTravel

I'venoticedthat，aspeoplebecomemoreconsciousofhowfoodaffectstheirhealth，leavinghomecansometimespresentchallengesfor.thosewhowanttokeepeatingwell.Herearesomesimplewaystoeatadventurouslyandwellwhileyou'reenjoyingthebestmomentsofyourtrip：

Planahead.Oftenwhenwe'retraveling，we'reoutofourroutineandaren'teatingatregularintervals.(16)Contrarytothepopularmyththatyoushouldholdoffeatingtosaveroomforabigmeal，goingforlongstretcheswithouteatingactuallycausesyourbodytobecometiredandhangontocalories.Packsnacksforeasyaccessnut，seedshard-boiledeggs，firmfruits.

Don'tforgetthegrocerystore.Asupermarket，especiallyalocalone，canbeyourbestplacetogethersomethingtocatwhiletraveling.(17)You'llfindawidervarietyofgreatfoodsthatarefreeoffat，dairy，andothercommonallergens（過(guò)敏素）atareasonablecost.

Drinkmorewaterthanyounormallydo.(18)Walkingaroundalldayexpendsenergyanddehydrates（脫水）yourbody.Oftenpeopledrinkalcoholorsodaswithmeals，andthesearealsodehydrating.Drinkingmorethanyourusualeightglassesofwateradaywillkeepyouenergized，hydrateyourcellsandkeepyourskinglowing.

Drinklosalcoholthaneveryonearoundyouisdrinking.Thiscanbechallenging，especiallyonbusinesstrips，wheredrinkingisafamiliarpastime.(19)

(20)Letyourselfhavetreats，andenjoythem--justkeepittoonceaday.Getthatgoodpieceofchocolatecake.Haveanextrahelpingofsteakfries.Orderthethingwithbutter，andloveeverysinglebite.Thenbedonewiththeless-than-healthyfood，andrememberthatyoualwayshaveanotherdayforthatonelittleindulgence（放縱）.

A.Justenjoythetreatsthatyoulike.

B.Trythe"one-and-done"rule.

C.Planesandhotelroomaregenerallydry.

D.Sometimeswecangoseveralhourswithouteatinganything.

E.However，drinkingtoomuchcanleadtomoreunhealthyeating.

F.You'llhaveeasy，cheapacestofreshproduceandhealthysnacks.

G.Planningaheadoftimealwaysyoutocontrolwhatgoesintoyourbody.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。GrowingupinMelbourne，Australia，Iwasoneofthosenaughtylittlekidsthatnever，everstoppedasking"Why？".Iusedtoaskmymumthemostannoyingquestions.Asa"why"kid，Ithoughteverything(21)canbechangedandIcouldmaketheworldbetter.

WhenIwasinmyhighschool，I(22)thechancetogotothePhilippinestolearnmoreduetomygood(23)atschool.ItwastherethatIbecamefriendswithSonny，wholivedon"SmokyMountain".Butdon'tlettheromance（浪漫）ofthatname(24)you，becauseitwas(25)apileofsteaminggarbagewherekidslikeSonnyspenthourseverysingledayfindinganythingof(26).

ThosedayswithSonnychangedmylifeforever.Ithoughttomyself，"Whyshouldanyonehaveto(27)likethiswhileIhavesomuch？WhyshouldSonny'slifebe(28)bywherehewasborn？"

Ilater(29)thatthepoverty（貧窮）I'dseeninthePhilippineswastheresultofdecisionsmadeornotmade.That's(30)，afewyearslater，IjoinedwithagroupofcollegefriendsinbringingtheMakePovertyHistorycampaigntoAustralia.Andtoour(31)，theAustraliangovernmentheardourvoicesandagreedtodoubleinvestmentandfixtheproblemmilesoutsideofourborders.

Overalltheseyears，I'vetriedtoreconnectwithSonny.(32)，I'vebeenunableto.I'dlovetositdownwithhim，whereverheis，and(33)withhimhowmuchthetimeIspenton"SmokyMountain"(34)me.Thankstohimandsomanyothers，Icametounderstandtheimportanceofbeingpartofagroupofpeoplewhoare(35)tomaketheworldbetter，whostandtogetherandembrace（擁抱）theamazingfutureoftheworldweshare.21.A.simple B.unfair C.new D.unfinished22.A.found B.obtained C.missed D.lost23.A.performance B.character C.English D.habit24.A.affect B.bother C.impress D.fool25.A.originally B.hardly C.actually D.certainly26.A.beauty B.cleanness C.interest D.value27.A.live B.say C.work D.study28.A.changed B.created C.determined D.challenged29.A.admitted B.explained C.doubted D.understood30.A.where B.why C.how D.when31.A.disappointment B.confusion C.amazement D.regret32.A.Sadly B.Luckily C.Surprisingly D.Obviously33.A.discuss B.debate C.share D.cooperate34.A.cheated B.inspired C.attracted D.amused35.A.hesitant B.shocked C.afraid D.willing四、語(yǔ)法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。36.Today，muchoftheworld'soceanisstillamystery.

Sofar，only5percentofit(1)（explore）.Infact，weknowmoreaboutsomeareasofMarsthanthatoftheworld'socean.

However，(2)isnewtechnologythatishelpingscientistsexplorethesehiddenworlds.Forexample，scientistsareusinganunderwatervehicle(3)（call）DeepSeetoexploreseamountsunderwatermountains.ScientistshaveusedDeepSeetostudyLasGemelas.Thereareahugevarietyofspecies(4)（live）aroundLasGemelas.Someofthesespeciesmayhavechemicals(5)canhelppeoplefightillnesses.

(6)deepestlocationoftheearthistheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.Theoceanfloorthereisabout11，000metersdeep.In2012，filmmakerandexplorerJamesCameron(7)（reach）theMarianaTrenchinavehiclecalledDeepseeChallenger.Hewasthefirst(8)（complete）thejourneyalone.Camerontook(9)（photo）andmadevideosontheoceanfloor.

Deep-seaexplorationalsohelpsusinotherways.Forexample，wearelearninghowunderwaterearthquakescausetsunamis（海嘯）．AsCameronsays，"Thisisthebeginningof(10)（open）upanewfrontier."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)五、書(shū)面表達(dá)：本大題共2小題，共40分。37.你校將舉辦演講比賽。請(qǐng)你以Volunteeringwillmakeabetteryou為題寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）陳述擔(dān)當(dāng)志愿者的意義；

（2）提出相關(guān)建議并發(fā)出倡議。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；文章開(kāi)頭不計(jì)入字?jǐn)?shù)

（3）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Hello，Everyone，mayIhaveyourattentionplease？

___________38.CharlesRoselivedinthecountrywithhisfather，whotaughthimtoreadandtowrite.Mr.Rosetoldhissonthat，whenhismorninglessonswereover，hemightamusehimselfforonehourashepleased.

Therewasarivernearby.Onitsbankstoodthehutofapoorfisherman，wholivedbysellingfish.HiscarefulwifekeptherwheelgoingCarlyandlate.Theybothworkedveryhardtokeepthemselvesabovewant.Buttheyweregreatlytroubledforfearthattheironlysonshouldneverlearntoreadandtowrite.Theycouldnotteachhimthemselves，andtheyweretoopoortosendhimtoschool.

Charlescalledatthehutofthisfishermanoneday，toinquireabouthisdog，whichwasmissing.Hefoundthelittleboy，whosenamewasJoe，sittingbythetable，onwhichhewasmakingmarkswithapieceofchalk.Charlesaskedhimwhetherhewasdrawingpictures.

"No.Iamtryingtowrite，"saidlittleJoe，"butIknowonlytwowords.ThoseIsawuponasign，andIamtryingtowritethem."

"IfIcouldonlylearntoreadandwrite，"saidhe，"Ishouldbethehappiestboyintheworld."

"ThenIwillmakeyouhappy，"saidCharles."Iamonlyalittleboy，butIcanteachyouthat.""Myfathergivesmeanhoureverydayformyself.Now，ifyouwilltrytolearn，youshall

soonknowhowtoreadandtowrite."

BothJoeandhismotherwerereadytofallontheirkneestothankCharles.Theytoldhimitwaswhattheywishedaboveallthings.

So，onthenextdaywhenthehourcame，Charlesputhisbookinhispocket，andwenttoteachJoe.Joelearnedveryfast，andCharlessoonbegantoteachhimhowtowrite.

Sometimeafter，agentlemancalledonMr.Rose，andsaid，"Charlesdidnotalwaysamusehimself.Ioftenseehimgotothehouseofthefisherman.Ifearhegoesoutintheirboat."

注意：1．續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Themomentthegentlemanleft，Mr.Rosewentinsearchofhisson._________________

Thenextday，hisfathertookhimtotown，andgavehimbooksforhimselfandJoe，withwritingpaper，pens，andink.______________________(1)(2)

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FullProfessorinTheatreandDance部分的Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired（需要具有很多的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)）可知，戲劇和舞蹈專業(yè)的正教授需要許多專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts部分DeSalesUniversity'sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector（德薩勒斯大學(xué)的表演和美術(shù)系尋求一位高技能，專業(yè)的技術(shù)主任）和下面的Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@（請(qǐng)寄郵件到John.bell@.）可知，如果想做技術(shù)主任，可以聯(lián)系john.bell@.。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AssistantDirector-mediaResourcesCenter部分的MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision（馬里蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院正在尋找學(xué)術(shù)事務(wù)部媒體資源中心的助理主任）和QualificationsforthepositionincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldswithaknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning（該職位的資格包括藝術(shù)史或相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)位，具有藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)史知識(shí)，圖書(shū)館經(jīng)驗(yàn)，出色的人際關(guān)系和溝通技巧以及熟悉Photoshop和掃描）可知，需要人際溝通技巧的是MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt。故選B。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹4個(gè)職位招聘的信息和要求。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。4~7.【答案】A、D、B、B【解析】（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放棄了一切回到了家鄉(xiāng)。他的想法是他需要為他的國(guó)家做貢獻(xiàn)。）"可知，黃大年從英國(guó)回到祖國(guó)是渴望為國(guó)家的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。故選A項(xiàng)。

（2）D.段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段末句"Huang'sdevotioncontributedtoChina'slunarprobe（月球探測(cè)器）Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.（黃大年的貢獻(xiàn)包括2013年中國(guó)的月球探測(cè)器'玉兔'登陸月球，以及2016年神舟十一號(hào)和天宮二號(hào)飛船的發(fā)射。）"并結(jié)合全段內(nèi)容可知，他開(kāi)發(fā)的先進(jìn)相機(jī)可以穿透地殼，這樣就可以在不深入地殼的情況下進(jìn)行分析。他建立了一個(gè)先進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，正是這種激情和動(dòng)力使黃大年把中國(guó)的深地探測(cè)技術(shù)推向了世界領(lǐng)先的地位。所以第二段主要講述黃大年對(duì)中國(guó)做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段"Hebeganhavingfaintingfits（昏厥）in2012，butpaidthemlttleattention，statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor--hisworkalwayscamefirst.（在2012年他開(kāi)始有暈厥發(fā)作。但很少注意，說(shuō)他沒(méi)有時(shí)間去看醫(yī)生他的工作總是第一位的。）"及最后一段"Evenfromhishospitalbed，hecontinuedhiswork，writinglettersofreferenceforhiscllaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.（即使躺在病床上，他也繼續(xù)工作，為同事們寫(xiě)推薦信，回答學(xué)生們的問(wèn)題。）"可知，他雖然患病暈厥住院但仍堅(jiān)持工作。故選B項(xiàng)。

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology，Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe"ThousandTalent"programme.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放棄了一切回到了家鄉(xiāng)他的想法是他需要為他的國(guó)家做貢獻(xiàn)。）"可知，黃大年放棄英國(guó)的優(yōu)厚待遇回國(guó)為祖國(guó)發(fā)展盡力，他是愛(ài)國(guó)的。綜合最后兩段，他患重病仍堅(jiān)持工作，教導(dǎo)學(xué)生，可知他是敬業(yè)的。因此B項(xiàng)非常準(zhǔn)確地形容黃大年。A.Generousandhonest??慷慨和誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.Hardworking

and

determined.工作努力和意志堅(jiān)定的；C.Modestandcourageous??謙虛勇敢的；D.Passionateandpatient??充滿激情和耐心的。故選B項(xiàng)。

這是一篇記敘文。介紹了中國(guó)著名地球物理學(xué)家黃大年的生平及他為祖國(guó)做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

閱讀理解，要先通讀全文，再結(jié)合題目到文章中針對(duì)性的尋找與題目相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，抓關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句，仔細(xì)推敲，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，逐一排除，如是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，一定要明白表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤所在；如是正確選項(xiàng)，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表達(dá)的意思、觀點(diǎn)或想法，或與文章中某些細(xì)節(jié)完全相符。8~11.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair，theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones.'It'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith，ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker.當(dāng)我們?cè)诳罩杏檬謾C(jī)通話時(shí)，它們會(huì)對(duì)飛機(jī)的無(wú)線電設(shè)備造成干擾，飛行員可以在耳機(jī)中聽(tīng)到這種干擾。"如果你把手機(jī)放得離揚(yáng)聲器太近的話，這和你熟悉的噪音是一樣的。可知，乘客在飛機(jī)上必須關(guān)閉手機(jī)的原因是使用電話可能會(huì)給飛行員帶來(lái)煩人的噪音，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選D.

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains，forthissystemtowork，thereare"built-in"expectations：Thereshouldn'tbetoomany'handoffs'andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds.'Ofcourse，phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground.'headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew，however，noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse，ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.如美國(guó)科學(xué)家斯文?比倫解釋說(shuō)，為了讓這個(gè)系統(tǒng)工作，有"內(nèi)置"期望結(jié)論：不應(yīng)該有太多"交接班"并且人們的旅行速度不應(yīng)該超過(guò)汽車的速度。"當(dāng)然，電話用戶應(yīng)該靠近地面。可知，一共有三個(gè)內(nèi)置期望被提到來(lái)幫助打電話，分別是不應(yīng)該有太多"交接班"、人們的旅行速度不應(yīng)該超過(guò)汽車的速度、電話用戶應(yīng)該靠近地面，共三個(gè)方面，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C.

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，Inthefuture，asBilenpointsout，itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe'picocells'，whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.未來(lái)航空旅客或許可以自由地?fù)艽蚝徒邮针娫?。這項(xiàng)突破有可能是"picocells"飛機(jī)本身自帶的手機(jī)信號(hào)塔?？芍?，picocells有助于飛機(jī)上無(wú)障礙通話的實(shí)現(xiàn)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B.

（4）A.文章來(lái)源題。根據(jù)文章第一段，Everytimewegetonaplane，we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode-it'sfor"securityreasons"。ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite，havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis"aserviceissue，notasafetyone"。每次上飛機(jī)，我們都會(huì)被要求關(guān)閉手機(jī)或?qū)⑵淝袚Q到飛行模式，這是出于"安全原因"。但根據(jù)對(duì)話網(wǎng)站的說(shuō)法，在飛機(jī)上必須關(guān)閉手機(jī)是"服務(wù)問(wèn)題，而不是安全問(wèn)題"?？芍疚恼轮饕v了在飛機(jī)上需要關(guān)閉手機(jī)的原因以及未來(lái)對(duì)可以在飛機(jī)上撥打或接聽(tīng)電話的期望。因此，該文文章應(yīng)該來(lái)自一份報(bào)紙，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A.

這是一篇科教類閱讀，作者主要向我們介紹了在飛機(jī)上需要關(guān)閉手機(jī)的原因以及未來(lái)對(duì)可以在飛機(jī)上撥打或接聽(tīng)電話的期望。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。12~15.【答案】C、B、C、D【解析】（1）C．主旨大意題。第一段提出"一些社會(huì)和文化因素推動(dòng)中國(guó)的消費(fèi)支出"，第二段講"在中國(guó)，消費(fèi)主義與自由有關(guān)"，第三段講"在中國(guó)，消費(fèi)主義是成功的象征"，第四段講"在中國(guó)，消費(fèi)是集體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的體現(xiàn)"，最后一段講"在中國(guó)成功的品牌都會(huì)考慮尊重消費(fèi)者的這些社會(huì)文化方面"，可知文章主要講述了，在中國(guó)哪幾個(gè)社會(huì)和文化因素推動(dòng)中國(guó)的消費(fèi)支出，即中國(guó)社會(huì)文化對(duì)消費(fèi)主義的影響。故選C.

（2）B．段落大意題。由第二段中的"Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名地）."（消費(fèi)主義與自由有關(guān)。有選擇就意味著有消費(fèi)者的選擇。你就是你消費(fèi)的東西。消費(fèi)是自我的表現(xiàn)。它允許你通過(guò)它的產(chǎn)品探索世界，體驗(yàn)生活方式的選擇，并且安全匿名地這樣做。）可知，第二段多強(qiáng)調(diào)消費(fèi)與自由的關(guān)系，消費(fèi)是自我的表現(xiàn)，通過(guò)消費(fèi)，人們能得到自由，所以本段主要講消費(fèi)可以是自由的反映。故選B.

（3）C．短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。由第三段"Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof"conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支配的）incomeandyoucan-atleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures-apairofNikes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity."（消費(fèi)主義是成功的象征。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家ThorsteinVeblen推廣了"conspicuousconsumption"的概念。當(dāng)消費(fèi)不再僅僅是由需求驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)，它就變成了一種表明你有可支配收入的方式，你至少可以在某些方面按照自己的條件享受生活。簡(jiǎn)單的樂(lè)趣--一雙耐克鞋、一部智能手機(jī)、名牌服裝成為個(gè)人身份的象征。）可知，本段主要講，當(dāng)消費(fèi)不再僅僅是由需求驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)，消費(fèi)就成為了一種成功的象征，人們會(huì)用消費(fèi)購(gòu)買一些昂貴的物品來(lái)彰顯自己的個(gè)人身份，此時(shí)的消費(fèi)成為了一種獲得個(gè)人身份地位的炫耀性消費(fèi)，conspicuousconsumption在此處意為"購(gòu)買昂貴物品以獲得個(gè)人身份"。故選C.

（4）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的"Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO，theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes."（我們喜歡參加團(tuán)體活動(dòng)。對(duì)錯(cuò)過(guò)的恐懼（FOMO）超越了文化。但我懷疑這種趨勢(shì)在中國(guó)比在西方更強(qiáng)烈，因?yàn)槿寮椅幕幌裎鞣侥菢油瞥绠愵悺＃┛芍?，F(xiàn)OMO這種趨勢(shì)在中國(guó)很強(qiáng)烈，是因?yàn)槿寮椅幕惶赡苄蕾p外來(lái)者。故選D.

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了哪幾個(gè)社會(huì)和文化因素推動(dòng)中國(guó)的消費(fèi)支出。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16~20.【答案】D、F、C、E、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前一句Often

when

we're

traveling，we're

out

of

our

routine

and

aren't

eating

at

regular

intervals.

（通常當(dāng)我們?cè)诼眯袝r(shí)，我們會(huì)脫離我們的常規(guī)，不按固定的時(shí)間間隔吃東西。）可知，D項(xiàng)Sometimes

we

can

go

several

hours

without

eating

anything.（有時(shí)我們可以幾個(gè)小時(shí)不吃東西。）符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文A

supermarket，especially

a

local

one，can

be

your

best

place

together

something

to

cat

while

traveling.

（超市，尤其是當(dāng)?shù)氐某?，可能是你旅行時(shí)最好的購(gòu)物場(chǎng)所。）可知，本段建議我們?cè)诼猛局锌梢怨湟幌庐?dāng)?shù)厣痰辍項(xiàng)You'll

have

easy，cheap

aces

to

fresh

produce

and

healthy

snacks.（你可以輕松、便宜地獲得新鮮的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和健康的零食。）符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。

（3）推理判斷題。本段小標(biāo)題Drink

more

water

than

you

normally

do（比平常多喝水）建議我們旅游時(shí)要比平時(shí)多喝水，接著講原因。C項(xiàng)Planes

and

hotel

room

are

generally

dry.（飛機(jī)上和旅館里一般很干燥）符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文This

can

be

challenging，especially

on

business

trips，where

drinking

is

a

familiar

pastime.

（這可能是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在商務(wù)旅行中，喝酒是一種常見(jiàn)的消造。）可知，E項(xiàng)However，drinking

too

much

can

lead

to

more

unhealthy

eating.（然而，飲酒過(guò)多會(huì)導(dǎo)致更不健康的