專題七動詞不定式學(xué)案高考英語一輪語法復(fù)習(xí)

專題七非謂語動詞之不定式動詞不定式的句法功能:在句中可充當(dāng)主語，表語，賓語，賓補(bǔ)，定語和狀語。一、作主語 或目的，表語常為名詞wish/goal/plan/aim/purpose等。Tobeeascientistishislifegoal.2.形式主語it:lt+be+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.It'shardforhimtolearnEnglishwell.注意:但如果表語是nice,kind,clever等描述動作執(zhí)行者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞時，則在不定式前加of引導(dǎo)的短語。It’skindofyoutohelpme.二、作表語 不定式作表語一般表示將來或目的，主語常是wish/goal/plan/aim/purpose等。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.三、作賓語1.只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞和短語:agree,intend/plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等2.形式賓語it,動詞不定式做真正賓語find/think/believe/consider/make/feel+it+adj.+todosth.IfinditeasytolearnEnglish.四、作賓補(bǔ)固定短語，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.五、作定語不定式作定語，位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后。1.當(dāng)名詞或代詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級,thelast，theonly等修飾，且不定式與其邏語為主謂關(guān)系時，常用動詞不定式作定語。Heisthelastmantoleavetheclassroom. 2.ability,chance,idea,attempt,plan,way,opportunity,right,desire等。常用不定式作后置定語不定式常用主動形式。Thiswillbeagoodopportunitytoexchangeexperience.六、作狀語1.作目的狀語，用to/inorderto或soasto，但soasto不用于句首。Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.2.作結(jié)果狀語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)enoughtodo,so/such...astodo,too...to...,onlytodosth.等。Heiscleverenoughtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblems.Hegotthereinahurryonlytofindeverybodygone.注意:onlytodosth，表示一個與主語愿望相反的或出乎主語意料的結(jié)果。比較現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.3.作原因狀語,常與表示情感的形容詞連用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。Iwasfrightenedtofindthatinfrontofmydoorsatadog.4.固定句型:主語+be+形容詞+不定式。動詞不定式也可以跟在一些作表語的形容詞easy，hard，difficult,pleasant，good，fit,fortable等后面作狀語，構(gòu)成“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.（2023新高考I卷）Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether_________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭).（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem______________(lift)outofthe steamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.（2023全國甲卷）Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)___________ (teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.4.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority__________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.5.（2022新高考II卷）Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup__________(see)them.6.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmyson’slife,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow_________tothankhim.”7.（2022全國甲卷）AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep__________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.8.（2022全國乙卷）__________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,invitingtwentynineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.9.（2022北京卷）AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention__________(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.10.（2022浙江1月卷）ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans__________(continue)thepractice.11.（2022浙江卷）Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot__________(do).12.（2021新高考II卷）Idecidedtodosomething__________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.13.（2021全國甲卷）Itispossible__________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.14.（2021全國乙卷）KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andacmodationsaim________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.15.（2021浙江卷）Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.16.（2020全國I卷）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e466__________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.17.（2020全國II卷）Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy__________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.18.（2020全國III卷）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout__________(find)thewellknownpainter.19.（2020浙江1月卷）Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulationiti