Unit+1+Science+and+Scientists+Using+Language+(II)+課件【知識精講精研】高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊

Unit1Period4UsingLanguage(Ⅱ)Writeaboutwhatmakesagreatscientist新課導入Whatmakesgreatscientists?

commoncharacteristicscautiouspersuasivestrictpositiveco-operativecreativebrightenthusiastic1.通過閱讀，分析偉大科學家的優(yōu)秀品質，學習文章的結

構、語言特點以及寫作技巧；2.能學會寫一篇關于科學精神的文章。課堂學習Pre-readingDoyouknowwhoheis?ascientistworkedinthemissile(導彈)andspaceprogramsleadtheChineserocketprogramthe"FatherofChineseRocketry"or"KingofRocketry"QianXuesenDoyouknowwhoheis?aphysicistwonCBEBritishEmpireCommanderMedal獲得了大英帝國司令勛章ABriefHistoryofTime,blackholesandrelativityoneofthegreatmenofthe20thcenturyStephenHawkingThetextismainlyabout________________________________________________________________________________Lookatthepicturesandthetitle,Guesswhatthecontentofthetextis.thebriefintroductionofQianXuesenandStephenHawking.Readthetextsanddecideifthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1While-reading1.Qianchangedhismajorbecauseofashiftinpersonalinterest.2.Qian’sstronginterestinarthasapositiveimpactonascientist’sdevelopment. 3.WhenHawkingwasyoung,almosteveryonebelievedthattheuniversebeganwithabigbang.4.BecauseHawkingwasdetermined,hewasabletosucceedeventhoughhewasill. Answerthequestionsbelowusingtheinformationfromthetexts.21.WhywasQiancalled“thefatherofChina’saerospace”?2.HowwasHawking’sowntheoryprovencorrect?BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch.Hisowntheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Post-readingStudythelanguageandstructure.1.Underlinethelinkingwordsandphrasesinthepassages,anddescribetheirfunction.Someofthemostimportantlinkingwordsandphrasesare:However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,...Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehim...BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourockets...However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstanding..Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheories...Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,...Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Theseservetolinkelementsinthe

passagesandbringgreatercohesionandlogicalflowtoit.2.Whatisthefunctionofeachparagraphinthepassages?HispersonalhistoryandaccomplishmentsPara.2-5Hisdeathandpeople'sappreciationofhimIntroductionHispersonalityTextOne:TheFather

ofChina'sAerospacePara.1Para.6Para.7HisclaimtofamePara.2IntroductionCharacteristicsthatmadehimgreatTextTwo:AWorldofPureThoughtPara.1Para.33.FindWordsthatdescribethepersonalitiesofthescientists.Howdothestoriesaboutthescientistshelpillustratethesepersonalities?QianXuesenamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit"whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion;apioneer;didnotletthatdiscouragehim;determined;anoutstandingandcreativescientist;deepappreciationforartStephenHawkingbrilliant;brave;sometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid;willingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay;dreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout;quitedetermined;willingtoadmithisfaultsLanguagepoints1.【教材原句】Perhapsnoother

scientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也許再沒有哪一位科學家比錢學森對中國航天科學的影響更大了。

【詞匯精講】句中no...greater..

than為“否定詞+形容詞/副詞比較級+than”結構，表示最高級?！練w納拓展】表示最高級意義的其他常見結構：never+比較級...nothing/no+so+原級+as

...nothing/no+比較級+than

...

any+單數(shù)名詞

anyother+單數(shù)名詞

all（the）other+復數(shù)名詞

anyoneelse

anyoftheother+復數(shù)名詞

therestof+復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞

比較級+than+完成句子1.Tomismoreintelligentthan_________________________students

inhisclass.湯姆是他班上最聰明的學生。anyotherstudent/alltheother2.【教材原句】Describedby

theauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”whowaspatrioticand

servedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.錢學森備受人們的尊敬，《錢學森的故事》一書作者稱他是一位具有“偉大科學思想和科學精神”的人，并且熱愛祖國、甘于奉獻、成就斐然。【句式分析】DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStory

of

Qian

Xuesenasaman

with“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”

whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,

Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.

過去分詞短語作狀語

主句

定語

定語從句

【歸納拓展】-ed分詞用作狀語時，跟-ing分詞作狀語時一樣，修飾主句的謂語動詞，意義上相當于狀語從句，表示時間、條件、原因和伴隨狀況等。-ed分詞結構作狀語，前邊往往可以加when，while，if，asif，though。這時，我們可以把-ed分詞結構理解為一個省略句，即省去了“主語和be的變化形式”。一般說來，這種結構的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。如果-ed分詞短語的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，-ed分詞短語的邏輯主語則需要用一個獨立結構或者用一個由with/without等引導的介詞短語表達出來。如：3.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeout①in1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefend②thecountry.然而，在1932年“淞滬會戰(zhàn)”爆發(fā)后，錢學森決定轉學航空專業(yè)，因為他意識到中國需要擁有自己強大的空軍來保衛(wèi)國家?！揪涫椒治觥縃owever,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin，QianmadethedecisiontoQianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviation

becauseherealised

thatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.

時間狀語從句

主句

原因狀語從句

賓語從句

①【詞匯精講】breakout（戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然開始；爆發(fā)【詞匯拓展】breakin

強行進入；打斷

breakthrough

突破；沖破breakup

破碎；解散；分手

breakoff

斷開；中斷；停頓breakawayfrom

逃脫；脫離

breakinto

強行闖入；突然開始breakdown

出故障；垮掉【溫馨提示】breakout，happen，occur，takeplace等動詞（短語）表示“發(fā)生”，是不及物動詞用法，沒有被動語態(tài)。(1)Hiscarbroke______onthewaythisafternoonwhenheheadedtothehospital.down②【詞匯精講】defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解【詞匯拓展】defend...against/from保衛(wèi)……免受……defendoneself為自己辯解/辯護defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)indefenceof為保衛(wèi)……，為……辯護inone’sdefence/cometoone’sdefence為某人辯護

defensiveadj.防御性的；自我保護的4.【教材原句】Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeof①

notonly②developingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎，不僅負責發(fā)展中國的火箭科學，而且負責中國的太空和導彈計劃。①【詞匯精講】inchargeof主管；掌管【詞匯拓展】takechargeof掌管/負責……

inthechargeof受……的管理；由……負責freeofcharge=forfree免費chargesbforsth為某物向某人收取費用chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事【溫馨提示】inchargeof多以人作主語，指“某人負責/主管某事”；inthechargeof多以物作主語，指“某物由某人掌管”。類似的還有：inpossessionof,inthepossessionof;incontrolof,inthecontrolof。②【句式分析】notonly…butalso連接兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)butalso后的名詞決定單、復數(shù)(就近原則)。notonly…butalso連接的是兩個并列的句子，則要求前句采用部分倒裝，后句無須倒裝。部分倒裝就等同于對該句進行一般疑問句的變化，即把該句所含的be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞提前，其中的also有時可以省略。5.【教材原句】Whenasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot?...”當被問到“我們中國人能制造導彈嗎？”他的回答是堅定的“為什么不能？……”?！揪涫椒治觥縒henasked...是省略句，省略了從句的主語和be動詞，句子補全為：Whenhewasasked...。狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，且從句謂語中含有be動詞時，從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。【歸納拓展】以下結構中，主語和be動詞也可以省略1.連詞+形容詞As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.他小時候就學會了騎自行車。2.連詞+名詞Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.盡管他曾是個農民，現(xiàn)在他是位著名的導演了。3.連詞+V-ingAlthough(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.盡管近來他一直在努力學數(shù)學，但他仍然沒有取得好成績。4.連詞+過去分詞Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀請，否則他不會和我們一起去那里。5.連詞+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.他站起來好像要說什么。6.連詞+介詞短語Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻煩。6.【教材原句】UnderQian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles，followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.在錢學森的領導下，中國研制出了“東風”導彈，緊接著又研制出第一代“長征”系列火箭?！揪涫椒治觥窟^去分詞（短語）作定語（1）單個的過去分詞作定語時，常放在被修飾詞之前；過去分詞短語作定語時，常放在被修飾詞之后。e.g.Itisnothealthytoeatcannedfood.吃罐裝食品不健康。e.g.Theproblemmentionedattheconferenceneedsconsidering.會上提到的問題需要考慮。（2）及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語沒有被動意義，只表示完成。e.g.Hisfatheroncewasarespectedastronaut.他的父親曾是一位受人尊敬的宇航員。e.g.Thegardenerbegantopileupthefallenleaves.園丁開始把落葉堆起來。（3）過去分詞（短語）作定語時，相當于一個定語從句。e.g.Theworksshownattheexhibitionarepriceless.=Theworkswhich/thatwereshownattheexhibitionarepriceless.展覽會上展出的作品是無價之寶。

【學法點撥】(1)個別單詞的過去分詞，如shown，adopted，left，given，involved，wanted，gained，concerned等也可作后置定語。e.g.Heplannedtousethemoneylefttobuyasecond-handmotorbike.他打算用剩下的錢買一輛二手摩托車。(2)過去分詞修飾something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時，要放在這些詞的后面。e.g.Ifyouhavesomethingwanted，Iwillbuyitforyou.如果你需要什么東西，我可以買給你。7.【教材原句】However,whatmighthavemade

him

such

an

outstanding

and

creative

scientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而，使他成為如此杰出和富有創(chuàng)造力的科學家的原因可能是他對其他事物的濃厚興趣，比如音樂和繪畫?！練w納拓展】“make+賓語+賓語補足語”結構中，賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、不帶to的不定式或過去分詞。如果賓語本身比較復雜，可用“makeit(形式賓語)+名詞/形容詞+todo(that)從句(真正的賓語)”結構。makesbdo的被動形式為sbbemadetodo。【溫馨提示】在“make+賓語+賓語補足語”結構中，除了動詞make之外，feel,find,think,consider也可有此用法。8.【教材原句】Aboveall，Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是，霍金敢于承認錯誤?！驹~匯精講】aboveall最重要的是；尤其是【歸納拓展】afterall終究，還是；畢竟，別忘了

（not）atall一點也（不），完全（不）allinall總的來說，總而言之inall總共，合計

firstofall首先，第一WritingWriteanessayaboutthescientificspirit.41.Ingroups,discusssomestoriesaboutgreatscientists.2.Usingthesestoriesasabasis,discussthefollowingquestions:Apartfrombeingclever,whatarethemostimportantpersonalqualitiesascientistmusthavetobesuccessful?Howdothesestoriesillustratethescientificspirit?寫作指導如何記述科學家的科學精神科學家的科學精神是包含在高中生基礎寫作中一種任務話題。它涉及對科學家的簡介、取得成就的原因、科學精神的體現(xiàn)或描述、自己受到的激勵或啟發(fā)等。要注意其文體應該是記敘文或夾敘夾議,同時還要注意人稱的一致和時態(tài)的合理使用?；緝热荩?.age,sex,birth-place,background(概況)2.appearance,character(外表、性格)3.education(教育背景)4.bigeventsinhisorherlife(inorderoftime)(經(jīng)歷、生平)5.evaluation(評價)OutlineBriefintroductionPersonalityandqualitiesInspirationCommentsage,birthplace…Usespecificdetails;GiveexamplesNowworkbyyourself,towriteanessayaboutthescientificspirit.Exchangeyourdraftwithapartner.Usethischecklisttohelpyourevisethedraft.Thentakeyourdraftbackandreviseitusingyourpartner'scomments.5?Doesthewriterexplainclearlythepersonalqualitiesthatmakeupthescientificspirit??Doesthewritergiveexamplesfromthe